education, or do you give it them compulsorily, and gratis? You do not expect them to pay you for their teaching, except by becoming good children. Why should you expect a peasant to pay for his, except by becoming a good man ?—payment enough, I think, if we knew it. Payment enough to himself, as to us. For that is another of our grand popular mistakes-people are always thinking of education as a means of livelihood. Education is not a profitable business, but a costly one; nay, even the best attainments of it are always unprofitable, in any terms of coin. No nation ever made its bread either by its great arts, or its great wisdoms. By its minor arts or manufactures, by its practical knowledges, yes: but its noble scholarship, its noble philosophy, and its noble art, are always to be bought as a treasure, not sold for a livelihood. You do not learn that you may live-you live that you may learn. You are to spend on National Education, and to be spent for it, and to make by it, not more money, but better men;-to get into this British Island the greatest possible number of good and brave Englishmen. They are to be your "money's worth."-C. W. O., IV., § 145. III. ETHICS. 83. MAN AND BEAST.-Yonder poor horse, calm slave in daily chains at the railroad siding, who drags the detached rear of the train to the front again, and slips aside so deftly as the buffers meet; and, within eighteen inches of death every ten minutes, fulfils his changeless duty all day long, content, for eternal reward, with his night's rest, and his champed mouthful of hay;-anything more earnestly moral and beautiful one cannot image-I never see the creature without a kind of worship. And yonder musician, who used the greatest power which (in the art he knew) the Father of spirits ever yet breathed into the clay of this world;-who used it, I say, to follow and fit with perfect sound the words of the "Zauberflöte" and of "Don Giovanni "-foolishest and most monstrous of conceivable human words and subjects of thought-for the future "amusement" of his race!-No such spectacle of unconscious (and in that unconsciousness all the more fearful) moral degradation of the highest faculty to the lowest purpose can be found in history. But Mozart is nevertheless a nobler creature than the horse at the siding; nor would it be the least nearer the purpose of his Maker that he, and all his frivolous audiences, should evade the degradation of the profitless piping, only by living, like horses, in daily physical labour for daily bread. There are three things to which man is bornlabour, and sorrow, and joy. Each of these three things has its baseness and its nobleness. There is base labour, and noble labour. There is base sorrow, and noble sorrow. There is base joy, and noble joy. But you must not think to avoid the corruption of these things by doing without the things themselves. Nor can any life be right. that has not all three. Labour without joy is base. Labour without sorrow is base. Sorrow without labour is base. Joy without labour is base.-T. and T., V., § 20, 21. 84. MAN IN CREATION.-The laws under which matter is collected and constructed are the same throughout the universe: the substance so collected, whether for the making of the eagle, or the worm, may be analysed into gaseous identity; a diffusive vital force, apparently so closely related to mechanically measurable heat as to admit the conception of its being itself mechanically measurable, and unchanging in total quantity, ebbs and flows alike through the limbs of men and the fibres of insects. But, above all this, and ruling Derveen the Lung mt te lead a starze że ang tire i se i same and her from 2014 m brei arsed and destroying me and me pove i ment frst prysaly in the srupting of these two and éve tee Iing and rece nings is par frm, italy in eating the hearts of men to discern the one from the cober: = bow the unquenchable fres of the Spurt from the **quenchable fires of Death; and to choose, not maided, between stimasic the Love that canox end or to the Wom the ox Se The macrosciousness of their ancis is the most notable dreiste of the modem scientie mind; and I believe no credulity or fallacy admitted by the weakness or it may sometimes rather have been the strength of early imaginefioc, indicates so strange a depression beneath the due scale of human intellect, as the fallure of the sense of beauty in form, and loss of faith in bercism of conduct, which have become the curses of recent science, art, and policy. That depression of intellect has been alike exhibited in the mean consternation confessedly felt on one side, and the mean triumph apparently felt on the other, during the course of the dispute now pending as to the origin of man. Dispute for the present not to be decided, and of which the decision is, to persons in the modern temper of mind, wholly without significance: and I earnestly desire that you, my pupils, may have firmness enough to disengage your energies from investigation so premature and so fruitless, and sense enough to perceive that it does not matter how you have been made, so long as you are satisfied with being what you are. If you are dissatisfied with yourselves, it ought not to console, but humiliate you, to imagine that you were once seraphs; and if you are pleased with yourselves, it is not any ground of reasonable shame to you if, by no fault of your own, you have passed through the elementary condition of apes. Remember, therefore, that it is of the very highest importance that you should know what you are, and determine to be the best that you may be; but it is of no importance whatever, except as it may contribute to that end, to know what you have been. Whether your Creator shaped you with fingers, or tools, as a sculptor would a lump of clay, or gradually raised you to manhood through a series of inferior forms, is only of moment to you in this respect-that in the one case you cannot expect your children to be nobler creatures than you are yourselves-in the other, every act and thought of your present life may be hastening the advent of a race which will look back to you, their fathers (and you ought at least |