I

25 οσφράται] late form = οσφραίνεται. For sense Jacobitz compares

Timon 8 45 όσφραινόμενοι του χρυσίου. 27 'ouverilaBol] grasp with me, take hold and help me. 28 άνω εστί) ο ιχθύς. “He's landed'. 29 KÚwv) a sort of sword-fish. Of course there is a play upon KUVIKÓS.

See on 8 45 ο κυνίσκος. 30 Nexvewr] greedily licking or tasting. We might almost say here *sniffing about the rocks'.

Page 54. ärnptnuévos] hung from, dependent upon=the slave of. Compare Ikarom $ 3 ÉK TÛV wtwv åtnptnuévov='all attention', Timon § 36 αυτού εμού τας ελπίδας απαρτήσασά μοι του βίου = having made my hopes of my living depend on myself'. Lucian evidently means that the fish smelt the bait and was led by his smell to bite.

KEVÓv gol etc) 'there you have the hook clear'. For gol see on Charon 8 17 έξει τέλος αυτώ. 3 a poo éoxntal) is held fast, lodged firmly. Compare Eurip Bacchae

755-6 οπόσα δ' επ' ώμοις έθεσαν ού δεσμών ύπο προσείχετ' ουδ' έπιπτεν ές μέλαν πέδον.

uà Ala) used in affirmative clauses as here, is only found in late writers. Jacobitz. But perhaps there is a negative implied, as "he can't be allowed to keep it; no, let him spew it out '. We should how ever rather expect μα Δι' άλλα in that case. See on S 51 νή Δία.

Told Néyels) “you say a great price'. We should render 'I priced him at two obols' the other day. "And dear at that: for he is unfit for food, hideous, hard and worthless'.

ÉTl Kepalny] head-first. See on § 12 ÉTÈ Todas. 15 σοι] like that above κενόν σοι το άγκιστρον. 17 åpówv] the åpún was a very small fish. There is a pun here upon

áovss=without natural talent, foolish. We may try to express it and lighter than sprats. Yes certainly, light-headed enough'.

2

II

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$ 49.

19 mlarús] broad, flat. There is of course a pun upon IIXátu.

WOTEP rulrouos] 'split, so to speak’. The Greeks seem to have applied this expression to the yîtra because it was white underneath, as though it had been cut in half. See Aristoph Lys 115–6, 131—2, where in line 131 we have an instance of the use of yətta = blockhead,

a sense possibly alluded to here. 26 από της αυτής πέτρας] that is αφείσθω, as 8 48 άφες shews.

$ 50, 27 καθείσθω] το άγκιστρον. See § 48.

ùs ův tv Buoớ 86Ěelev] as would appear in a depth=as well as one can see so far down. Jacobitz.

28

29 31

Talvlas tivds etc] 'having so to speak gilt bands upon his back'.
T POOTOLO“Mevos] pretending to. Here 'affecting', representing'.

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Page 55. åvenoow] 2nd pers perf imperative passive from åviuów. Let him be hauled up: ‘haul him up '. 5 και ούτος] αφείσθω.

$ 51. 7 Kard tattdv] over against the same spot=on the same side.

åkavo ú dets etc] 'prickly and made rough on the outside, harder than sea-urchins to catch. Surely it will take a net to catch them; and we haven't got one'. These are the Stoics, well represented here as 'thornbacks', because of their thorny and rough doctrines.

την επιφάνειαν] emphatic. Lucian means that the modern Stoic of his own time was rude without, but wanton and luxurious within. 9

έκανόν] αν είη is of course the sense.

σιδηρώσας επί πολύ] having put iron upon a large piece of the line. Compare Thuc IV 100 8 2 έσεσιδήρωτο επί μέγα και του άλλου ξύλου. 18 TT poo púvtes] having grown to, clung fast to. So of a fish in Theo. critus XXI 46 χώ μεν τώγκίστρι ποτεφύετο.

åpwvol yap aŭtol] if these words be not a gloss, as Cobet and others suppose, they must be rendered 'for they cannot speak of themselves'. . 24 χρυσίον] the

pun

is

very simple here. 27 vn Ala] Chrysippus is saying no to the last question. But it must

not be supposed that νή Δία = μα Δία or μα Δι’ αλλά. The νή Δία emphasizes ußplotikà épwręs, and the sense is really your question is insulting' or 'your question is insulting, that it is'. If we suppose the

words to come in sense after ÜBPLòtikà or épwręs, this is quite clear. 31 εσθίων] αυτόν.

§ 52, page 56.
gol) see on Charon § 1.
ολοι πολλοί εισιν] of which Sort many are=

=(and many are of that sort). He means that they are sharp jagged-toothed dangerous fish.

So § 46. 3

åmotioai] to pay back. We may say to make it up to the priestess '. 5

Únepņuepou] 'overdue’ Said of persons behindhand with debts fines etc.

tñs apoleoulas) the appointed time or limit. Commonly used of the time appointed by law for debts to be got in and charges brought, after which no legal steps could be taken. Here we must render 'that

you may not overrun your leave of absence'. 13 TOû Aurelov) a park and gymnasium much frequented by philoso

phers. In particular it had been the resort of Aristotle and his school.

2

See § 4, 14.

OF MOURNING.

§ 1, page 57. 3 oñbev] 'as they think'. Often used ironically thus, implying that an action is not what it pretends to be.

að0ls] 'in turn'. The sense is a common one. Compare Soph Oed Tyr 1402-3 οι’ έργα δράσας υμίν είτα δεύρ' ιών οποίο έπρασσον αύθις. 5 Drottwva) the king of the nether world. The name is properly an

epithet of Alons. See Liddell and Scott, and Paley's note on Aesch Prom 806 (825) IIloútwvos trópov. The derivation given below § 2 is absurd and probably given only as an ironical hit at the contemporary

philologists. 6 Depoepóvnv] Persephone or Phersephone was the daughter of Demeter goddess of agriculture and giver of the fruits of the earth in their

The legends told how she was carried off by Pluton and became his queen in the world below.

kat' oủoèv] in any respect. 9 ÉTTIT PÉTOVTES etc) leaving their grief to (the guidance of) conventional

usage. vbuu kal ouvndela really represents only one notion, and may therefore be treated as a hendiadys.

Mâllov oè] see on piscator 5.

season.

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14

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$ 2. 13 lduótas] see on Charon $ 4.

'Holbdw] Hesiod one of the early Greek poets, of uncertain date, is best known by his poem called 'Works and Days', a metrical collection of agricultural and other maxims. He also wrote a mythical poem

called Theogony. 15 vbuov Ofuevo.] 'having taken for a rule'. The sense is perhaps

better expressed by our 'as a text-book'. 16 Útelludagi) take for granted. Compare Dem de fals leg $ 3 P 342

δ δέ καίπερ υπειληφώς ταύτα φοβούμαι, φράσω προς υμάς. 18

oủk old8ws] parenthetic as usual. Render 'which place seems to them to be lighted up somehow, so that they can get a sight of all it contains.

TWY Tà tolaūta Selvûr] those clever at such things. This use of δεινός is very common.

Page 58. kataotho ao bai) arranged for himself. Render "and that this Pluton arranged the government of his realm and the world below in this way'.

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2

KEKAnpobal] it had been settled by lot. The legend was that Zeus Poseidon and Pluton cast lots for the empires of the upper the marine and the nether worlds, and that they fell to them in the order

named. 5 ÚPLÉJEVOv] úpleodal=to send oneself under: hence, to give way,

submit. vdieodal Tuul Tivos=to give way to any one in anything. Render here 'allowing not a single soul to go upwards, with exception of a very few in all time past, on very strong grounds'.

IO

8 ovoudTwv] KWKUTÒs=wailing, Tupoleyłowv=fire-blazing. See on

Charon § 6. Milton (Par lost II 577–581) well illustrates the point of this passage ‘Abhorred Styx, the flood of deadly hate; sad Acheron of sorrow, black and deep: Cocytus named of lamentation loud heard on the rueful stream; fierce Phlegethon, whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage'. See Virgil Aen vi 550—1, Plato Phaedo p 113.

j 'Axepovola Nluvn] Acheron was the one of the infernal rivers (the name is supposed to be connected with äxos, see Milton quoted above) which was generally represented as flowing outside the others and disgorging into a great lake or mere. See Plato Phaedo pp 112, 113, Virgil Aen vi 107, VII 569, and note on Charon § 6. Plato calls this η 'Αχερουσιας λίμνη.

ŽvL] = {VEOTI as often.

TOÙ Topo utws] Charon of course. For the necessity of being ferried over by him see Virgil Georg IV 502, Aen VI 313—6.

Baleia nepaoai] deep to cross=full deep for crossing=too deep to cross: that is, by wading. So διανήξασθαι πολλή= too broad to swim

II

12

=

across.

13 ouk åv dlattaln] could not fly across it; because of the evil stench, I

suppose. See Virgil Aen vi 239—242 and Conington's note.

$ 4.

14

ka0684] the descent. See Virgil Aen vi 126. One is reminded also of 273 vestibulum ante ipsum primisque in faucibus orci. 15

Trúky] Virgil Aen vi 552—4 describes the gate of Tartarus as of adamant or steel. The gate here is that of the infernal regions generally.

ádeloidoớs] Aeacus was son of Zeus, and so nephew of Pluton. For this version of the legend, which represented him as a sort of porter or

inspector at the gate of Hades, see note on Charon § 2 čutrolâv. 16 την φρουρών επιτετραμμένος] entrusted in respect of the guard = having

the guard entrusted to him. This is a very common construction with

the perfect passive of επιτρέπω. 17

KÚwr] Cerberus. See Virgil Aen vị 417–423.

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$ 5. Trepalwölvtas etc] 'and when they are ferried over the mere to the inner side, a broad mead thick set with asphodel awaits them, and a draught of water hostile to memory; at least it has been named on this account the water of forgetfulness'. Tepaloûdai is especially used of crossing over water. See Thuc i 26 & 2 where kata orao oay trepaloúμενοι is opposed to επορεύθησαν πεζη.

deluwr] the mead of asphodel is spoken of again in Menippus & 11. It comes from Odyssey XI 539, 573. See on Charon $ 22.

anons] see on Charon § 21, and for the river being itself named Lethe (which Liddell and Scott deny too broadly) it will be best to refer to Virgil Aen vi 705-715, 749, Plato Rep p 621.. Conington

on Aen vi 705 observes rightly that the river Lethe is not Homeric. 23

duket] see on piscator § 25. 24 "Alkotis] wife of Admetus king of Pherae in Thessaly. How she

gave herself up to death to save her husband, and how she was brought back from the nether world to life again by Herakles, is all set forth in the well-known play of Euripides which bears her name.

Iputerliews) for the tale of Protesilaus see on Charon $ 1. 25 Ongeus) son of Aegeus a mythical king of Athens. The present

passage refers to an attempt which he is said to have made in his later years. He went to Hades with Pirithous to aid him in carrying off Persephone the wife of Pluton. Pirithous never returned and Theseus was only released from his bonds by Herakles. See Virgil Aen vi 393—5 and Conington on 617.

ο του Ομήρου Οδυσσεύς] Οdysseus in Homer'. The eleventh book of the Odyssey (hence called vékula) is devoted to the visit of Odysseus

to the dead in Hades. 26 oỦ TubVtes...aủTwv) 'not having drunk of the spring; (which they

cannot have done) for (had they drunk) they could never have remembered them'. The Greek yap often expresses what we have to explain in English by parentheses as above, and can only translate by a some. what forced for then'. See § 15.

$ 6. 30 ouvdanpártovoiv] 'help in carrying on'. Compare apolog de merc

cond 8 12 δημοσία δε της μεγίστης αρχής κοινωνούμεν και το μέρος

συνδιαπράττομεν. 31 ép.vves] 'Furies'. These avenging deities play an important part

in the Greek mythology, and are continually spoken of in literature. Of much the same nature are the trouval and poßol, spirits of vengeance and fear.

• 'Epuns] the usher of departed souls, who took em to the world below. See the Charon passin.