burghausen, in the state of Saxe-Meiningen, and has a very considerable circulation amongst the German people. It is edited by the clerical superintendant, Nonne. It is written in a good, popular style; it always takes bold views of general subjects, and of politics as far as circumstances admit. It is published twice a week.

"The Leipzig Gazette" has a Conservative spirit, and has a noted correspondence from Berlin. It appears daily, except Sundays.

The Frankfort papers are the following:

:

1. "The Gazette of the General Post-office" (die Ober-Postamts-zeitung). This journal is edited by Dr. Thomas, and some of its articles are from the clever pen of Mr. Berly. Its politics are those of a moderate Whig; it is published daily.

2. "The Journal of Frankfort" (das Frankfurter Journal). This newspaper was established before the Thirty-Years' War, and is the oldest in Germany. The editor is Mr. Heller, whose articles are of a somewhat liberal tendency. It is a daily paper.

3. "The Journal of Frankfort," in French (le Journal de Francfort). The editor of this journal is Mr. Charles Durand, who formerly was editor of the "Journal de la Haye," and at present writes in a vein favourable to the Russian government. The Journal de Francfort contains numerous articles, which seem to have been written either at St. Petersburg, or by Russian diplomatists abroad. Some years ago, Mr. Durand resided for several months in the Russian capital, where he received marks of the imperial favour. He is a very able writer, and English readers, who desire to take in a good epitome of continental news in the French language, cannot fare better than by subscribing to this convenient journal,

"The Nuremberg Correspondent," and "The Franconian Mercury," are daily papers of a somewhat liberal tendency. The former is published at Nuremberg, the latter at Bamberg.

"The Universal Augsburg Gazette," (die allgemeine Augsburger-zeitung, usually styled Die Allgemeine Zeitung,) edited by Dr. Gustavus Kolb, is the German paper which enjoys the widest European fame. It was established by the late bookseller

of Stuttgard and Tübingen, Baron Cotta of Cottendorf, and has generally been in the interest of the party which was dominant for the time being, sometimes leaning towards liberalism, and sometimes towards absolutism. At this moment, its tendency is in the latter direction. Its chief merit consists in the detailed and well-written correspondence which it presents from almost all the countries of Europe. Its correspondents are generally very well-informed, and are frequently persons filling situations under governments. The Austrian and Prussian governments are said to have the greatest share of influence on its character. I believe, however, that good articles are readily admitted into this journal, from whatever quarter they may proceed: but the censor will sometimes mutilate them.

"The German Courier," (der Deutsche Courier,) is a daily paper published at Stuttgard, and edited by Dr. Weil. This journal espouses the cause of the German constitutional states against the attacks of the writers who maintain Austrian and Prussian views. It has always warmly defended King Louis Philippe, and the revolution of 1830, in opposition to the organs of the absolute powers.

"The Suabian Mercury," (der Schwäbische Merkur,) is also a daily paper published at Stuttgard, and of a liberal cast. correspondence is sometimes valuable.

Its

"The Austrian Observer,” (der Oestreichische Beobachter,) is a daily paper published at Vienna. Its principal editor is Edler von Pilat. This journal is said to represent the sentiments of Prince Metternich, the truly remarkable prime minister of Austria, who during so many years has safely guided the imperial vessel through tempests and rocks, and who has received so large a portion of abuse in foreign countries, from persons who know but little about him.

*It is to be regretted that the English Cabinet, of whatever party composed, does not always adopt some one journal, as a faithful and steady representative of its sentiments. In default of such a reflection of its own political character, the English ministries are perpetually mistaken, both as to their spirit, intentions, and actual proceedings, as well at home as in foreign countries. Irritation is excited against them, in consequence of certain articles which appear in journals supposed to be under their control, but which, in fact, distort them, and not unfrequently, even attack them.

An attempt has been made, to show the proportion of periodical works and of newspapers, in various parts of Europe. This list affords to

The number of journals published in Austria in 1837, amounts to 72, 21 of which are furnished by Vienna. The LombardoVenetian kingdom issues 34; Milan alone, 25, Venice 6, and Verona 4.

Two English journals are at present published in Germany; "The Englishman," at Stuttgard, and "The British Museum," at Bielefeld. They are both devoted to entertaining literature alone.

career.

We have not enumerated all the newspapers which are published in Germany; and probably, at the moment when we are making this brief statement new candidates are starting on their Still less will it be convenient to describe the numerous periodical miscellanies which emanate from that quarter in illustration of every branch of knowledge and art. We had intended to name the most distinguished,—but the difficulty of making an impartial selection, and of rendering justice to all, deters us from the attempt.

SECTION II.

GERMANY CONSIDERED IN ITS PARTS.

CHAPTER XIX.

THE EMPIRE OF AUSTRIA.

The ruling Family. Provinces and Population; principal Towns; Races. Religion; number of Clergy; Monasteries in Bohemia; Universities. Budget; Army; Navy. Form of Government; Officers of Government; Officers of the Court. Births and Deaths; Statistics of the Population of Bohemia; number of Medical Men in an Austrian Province; Statistics of Vienna. Criminal Statistics of the Empire of Austria.

In the great panorama of Germany, the Austrian empire forms the most curious and picturesque object to every class of observers. There we find the greatest variety of dialects, of dresses, of usages,—but all blended into one powerful, if not harmonious mass, moving with regularity, and, if not rapidly advancing, making nevertheless a steady step onwards. There we observe inconsistencies, which the framers of systems will find it difficult to reconcile; but the true point of view from which Austria ought to be viewed, is the variety of its component parts, and the extreme difficulty of maintaining them together, except by a rigid and inflexible political system. Yet, severe as is the Austrian system towards real or supposed political offences, nowhere is a better provision made for the elementary instruction of the inhabitants, and nowhere perhaps is a greater degree of happiness enjoyed, than in the Germanic portion of the empire: it is only in the Italian dominions that the murmur of disaffection springs from the heart.