CHAPTER XL.

THE PRINCIPALITY OF HOHENZOLLERN-HECHINGEN.

The Ruling Family. Area; Population; Towns. Budget; Army. Form of Government; Ministers.

THE family of Hohenzollern is the parent tree of the present Prussian dynasty. The most remote known ancestor of this race was Thassilo, count of Zollern, who died about 800. His descendant in the eighth generation had two sons, Frederic and Conrad; the latter became margrave of Nuremberg in 1200, and his grandnephew Frederic, was made, in 1277, a prince;-from this last personage, the royal house of Prussia is descended.

The ruling family of Hohenzollern-Hechingen is of the Catholic religion. The present prince is Frederic, born July 22, 1776, who succeeded to the throne in 1810, and who married, in 1800, Paulina, princess of Courland-Sagan. They have one son, Frederic, the heir-apparent, born 1801, married 1826, to Eugenia, princess of Leuchtenberg. The prince has three halfsisters: viz, Louisa, baroness von der Burg; Maximiliana, countess of Lodron; and Josephine, countess of Festetics-Tolna. He has also an uncle, Francis, who is an Austrian general fieldmarshal.

This principality comprehends 61 German square miles. The population is 21,000, who are all Germans and Catholics. There are four towns, one of which, Hechingen, the capital, contains 2800 inhabitants; 25 villages, and 2420 houses. Not far from Hechingen the traveller discerns the ancient castle of Hohenzollern, the cradle of the ruling family of Prussia: its lofty site commands a wide range of scenery.

The revenue amounts to 130,000 florins. The contingent to the army of the confederacy is 145 men.

The government is monarchical, and representative. Twelve deputies form the representation, of whom 2 are chosen by the

the town of Hechingen, and 10 by the country-parishes. The succession to the throne, in both Hohenzollerns, is regulated by the contract of 1575, and by the Familien Institut, of 1821, which was guaranteed by the king of Prussia, as the head of the house. The law of succession excludes females, till the last male representative of the house, in either of the three lines, is deceased.

The ministers are, a president of the government, a privycouncillor, and a director of the exchequer.

This is a mountainous region; forests darken and variegate its heights, while its valleys are fertile, and produce a sufficient supply of corn for the consumption of the inhabitants.

CHAPTER XLI.

THE PRINCIPALITY OF SCHWARZBURG-SONDERSHAUSEN.

The Ruling Family. Budget; Army. and of the Court.

Districts and Population; Towns. Religion. Form of Government; Officers of Government,

THE ruling family of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen is of the Lutheran religion. The reigning prince is Günther, born September 24, 1801, who succeeded to the crown, on the resignation of his father, 1835; and who married, first, Maria, princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, who died in 1833; and, secondly, Matilda, princess of Hohenlohe-Oehringen. He has three children by his first wife, Elizabeth, Günther, and Leopold.

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The territory of this state comprehends 16.00 German square miles, and is divided into 7 bailiwicks. The population is 54,080. The capital, Sondershausen, contains 3600 inhabitants; and Arnstadt, 4842. There are 7 market-towns, 83 villages, and 8600 houses. The inhabitants are all Lutherans, with the exception of 200 Catholics.

The revenue is 400,000 florins, and the public debt amounts to the same sum. In 1833, the direct taxes were 75,123 dollars; but in the succeeding year they were diminished to 48,891 dollars.

The contingent to the army of the confederacy is 451 men. The government is monarchical, and there has existed a diet since December 28, 1830.

The officers of government are, a chancellor and president of the consistory, a president of the chamber of finance, and a councillor of the cabinet.

The chief officers of court are, a grand huntsman, a grand equerry, and a captain of the castle.

CHAPTER XLII.

THE PRINCIPALITY OF SCHWARZBURG-RUDOLSTADT.

The Ruling Family. Districts and Population; Towns. Religion. Budget; Army. Form of Government; Officers of Government, and of the Court.

THE ruling house of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt is of the Lutheran religion. The present prince is Günther, born November 6, 1793, who succeeded to the crown, under the guardianship of his mother, in 1807, and who assumed the reins of government in 1814. He married, in 1816, Augusta, princess of Anhalt-Dessau, and has two children, of whom the eldest, Günther, the heirapparent, was born in 1821. He has a sister, Thecla, born in 1795, princess of Schonburg-Waldenburg; and a brother, Albert, married to a princess of Solms-Braunfels.

This state contains 19.10 German square miles, and is divided into 11 bailiwicks. The entire population is 64,239. There are, 7 towns, 1 market-town, 155 villages, 8 castles, and 10,281 houses. The town of Rudolstadt contains 4000 inhabitants; Frankenhausen, 3900. All the inhabitants are Lutherans, with the exception of 150 Catholics and 167 Jews.

The revenue is 325,000 florins: the public debt (not including the exchequer debt) amounted, in 1826, to 269,805 florins.

The contingent to the army of the confederacy is 539 men. The government is a constitutional monarchy; a diet has existed since 1816. The prince of Rudolstadt has private property in Holstein.

The officers of government are, a chancellor of the government and president of the consistory, and a vice-chancellor. There is a privy council composed of the above officials, of the grand equerry, and a privy councillor.

The officers of court are, a captain of the castle, a marshal, and a grand equerry.

CHAPTER XLIII.

THE PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN.

The Ruling Family. Area. Mediatized Possessions of the Prince. Towns. Budget; Army. Form of Government; Officers of Govern

ment.

THIS Opulent and distinguished family is descended from Azo IV., of Este, who died in 1037. The principality is situated a few leagues south of the lake of Constance, on the banks of the Rhine: is an agreeable district, containing fine forests, and rearing a considerable number of horned-cattle. The prince maintains a guard of honour and a company of grenadiers.

The house of Liechtenstein is of the Catholic religion. The present prince is Aloys, born in 1796, who succeeded his father, John, in 1836. He married, in 1831, the Countess Francisca de Paula von Kinsky, by whom he has a daughter, Maria, born in 1834. He has six brothers, five of whom are in the Austrian service; and four sisters.

The territory of Liechtenstein comprehends 2.45 German square miles; but the mediatized principalities and lordships belonging to the prince of Liechtenstein, include 104 German square miles: they are situated in Austria, Moravia, Silesia, Bohemia, Hungary, and Styria.

In Liechtenstein, there are 5800 inhabitants, who are all Catholics. The principal town is Vaduz, which contains 697 inhabitants. There are 9 villages, 5 castles, and 1207 houses. The mediatized possessions contain 24 towns, 35 market-towns, 756 villages, 46 castles, and about 600,000 inhabitants.

The revenue of the prince is more than 1,200,000 florins, of which the inhabitants of Liechtenstein pay 5000 florins, and the domains 17,000 florins.

The contingent to the army of the confederacy is 55 men.
The government is monarchical, and has been constitutional

since 1818: the representatives form one chamber,