them the following reply: "A certain piper, observing some fishes sporting in the sea, began to play to them, in hopes that they would voluntarily throw themselves on shore; disappointed in his expectations, he threw his nets, enclosed a great number, and brought them to land; seeing them leap about, "You may be quiet now," says he, Co as you refused to come out to me when I played to you."-Cyrus was induced to return this answer to the Ionians and Æolians, because the Ionians had formerly disregarded his solicitations to withdraw their assistance from Croesus, refusing all submission to Cyrus, till they were compelled by necessity to make it. This reply, therefore, of Cyrus was evidently dictated by resentment; which, as soon as the Ionians had received, they fortified their towns, and all of them assembled at Panionium, except the Milesians: Cyrus had received these into his alliance, upon the conditions which they had formerly enjoyed from Croesus. The general determination of the Ionians, was to send ambassadors to Sparta, who were in their common name to supplicate assistance. CXLII. These Ionians, who are members of the Panionium, enjoy beyond all people whom I have known purity of air 187 and beauty of situation; 187 Purity of air.]--These advantages of situation, and of climate, which the Ionians enjoyed, are enumerated by many ancient tion; the country above and below them, as well as those parts which lie to the east and west, being in every respect less agreeable. Some of them are both cold and moist; others parched by the extremity of the heat. Their language possesses four several distinctions. Miletus 188 is their first city towards the south, next to which are Myus and Priene; all these are situate in Caria, and use the same language. In Lydia are the cities of Ephesus, Colophon, Lebedos, Teos, Clazomenæ, Phocæa, which have a dialect peculiar to themselves. There are three other cities properly called Ionian; two of these, Samos and Chios, are situated in islands; the other, Erythræ, is on the continent. The Chians and Erythræans speak alike; the Samian tongue is materially different. These are the four variations of language to which I alluded. CXLIII. Of these Ionians, the Milesians were induced to court the friendship of Cyrus, from apprehensions of his power. The islanders had but little cause of fear, for the Persians had not yet subdued ancient writers. This people, unable to defend themselves (says the Abbe Barthelemy) against the Persians, consoled themselves for the loss of their liberties in the bosom of voluptuousness and the cultivation of the arts.-T. 188 Miletus, &c.]-For a particular account of the modern names and circumstances of these Ionian cities, consult Chandler and Pococke. Miletus was the birth-place of Thales, Clazomena of Anaxagoras, Ephesus of Parrhasius, Colophon of Xenophanes, Teos of Anacreon.-T. subdued the Phoenicians, and were themselves ignorant of maritime affairs. The general imbecility of Greece, and the small importance of the Ionians in particular, were their motives for separating themselves from the body of that nation, of which they constituted a part; Athens, of all the Grecian cities, being the only one of any distinction. The appellation of Ionians was for this reason disdained by the Athenians, and by some other Ionians, which prejudice does not yet appear to be obliterated. In opposition to this, the above twelve cities are proud of the name, and have in consequence erected a sacred edifice, which they call the Panionium 189. They determined to admit no other of the Ionian cities to this temple, and the privilege was desired by those of Smyrna alone. CXLIV. The Dorians now inhabiting Pentapolis, which was formerly called Hexapolis, instituted 189 Panionium.]-About sixteen miles to the south of Scala Nuova there is a Christian village called Changlee. It is supposed to be the ancient Panionium, where the meeting of the twelve cities of Ionia was held, and a solemn sacrifice performed to Neptune Heliconius, in which the people of Priene presided.-Pococke. The victim sacrificed in this temple was a bull; and it was deemed an auspicious omen if he lowed whilst they were conducting him to the place of sacrifice. This is alluded to in Homer: Not louder roars, At Neptune's shrine on Helicé's high shores, T. tuted a similar exemption; not neighbouring Dorians, nor indeed admitting the some of their own people, who had violated a sacred and established custom, to the temple of Triope 19°. The prize of these games, which were celebrated in honour of the Triopean Apollo, was formerly a tripod of brass, which the victor was not expected to carry away 19, but to leave as a votive offering in the temple of the deity. A man of Halicarnassus 192, whose name was Agasicles, having obtained the victory, in violation of this custom, carried away the tripod, and hung it up in his house. To punish this offence, the five cities, 190 Temple of Triope.]-Triopium was a city of Caria, founded by Triopas, son of Erysicthon. Hence the Triopean promontory took its name, where was a temple known under the name of the Triopean temple, consecrated to Apollo. The Dorians here celebrated games in honour of that god, but without joining with him Neptune and the nymphs. In this temple was held a general assembly of the Dorians of Asia, upon the model of that of Thermopyla.-Larcher. 191 Was not expected to carry away.]-In the games in honour of Apollo and Bacchus, the victor was not permitted to carry the prize away with him. It remained in the temple of the deity, with an inscription signifying the names of the persons at whose cost the games were celebrated, with that of the victorious tribe.-Larcher. 192 Halicarnassus.-The sincerity of Herodotus is eminently conspicuous from the faithful manner in which he relates circumstances but little honourable either for Halicarnassus, his country, or even for the Athenians, who had expressed themselves anxious to receive him into the number of their citizens, and before whom he had publicly recited his history. See also chap. cxlvi. of this book; as also different passages in the 3d, 5th, and 7th books.-Bouhier. cities, Lindus, Jalyssus, Camirus, Cos13, and Cnidus 194, excluded Halicarnassus from their religious ceremonies. CXLV. It appears to me, that the Ionians divided themselves into twelve states, and were unwilling to connect themselves with more, because they were originally circumstanced in Peloponnesus, as the Achæans are at present, by whom the Ionians were expelled. The first of these is Pellene near Sicyon, then gira and Egæ, through which the Crathis flows with a neverfailing stream, giving its name to a well-known river of Italy. Next to these is Bura, then Helice, to which place the Ionians fled after being vanquished in battle by the Achæans. Next follow Ægium 195, Rhypæ, Patræ, Pharæ, and Olenus, which 193 Cos.]-Cos was the birth-place of Hippocrates.-T. 194 Cnidus.]-Cnidus was celebrated for being the birthplace of the historian Ctesias, and of the astronomer Eudoxus, and no less so for being possessed of the beautiful Venus of Praxiteles.--T. The medals struck at Cnidus in the times of the Roman emperors, represent, as may be presumed, the Venus of Praxiteles. The goddess with her right hand conceals her sex, with her left she holds some linen over a vessel of perfumes.-Voyage du Jeune Anacharsis. It is perhaps not unworthy of remark, that the celebrated Venus de Medicis conceals with her left hand the distinction of her sex, whilst her right is elevated to her bosom.-T. 195 Egium.]-The inhabitants of this place having vanquished the Etolians in a naval fight, and taken from them a vessel of fifty oars, they made an offering of the tenth part to 3 the |