which is watered by Pirus, a considerable river. The last are Dyme, and Tritæa, the only inland city.

CXLVI. These are the twelve states of the Achæans, to which the Ionians formerly belonged, who, for this reason, constructed an equal number of cities in the country which they afterwards inhabited. That these are more properly Ionians than the rest, it would be absurd to assert or to imagine. It is certain that the Abantes 196 of Euboea, who have neither name nor any thing else in common with Ionia, form a considerable part of them. They are, moreover, mixed with the Minyan-Orchomenians, the Cadmeans, Dryopians, Phocidians, Molossians, the Pelasgians of Arcadia, the Dorians of Epidaurus, and various other nations. Even those who migrating from

the

the temple of Delphi, at the same time they demanded of the god, who were the bravest of the Greeks? The Pythian answered thus: "The best cavalry are those of Thessaly; the loveliest women are those of Sparta; they who drink the water of the fair fountain of Arethuse are valiant; but the Argives, who inhabit betwixt Terinthus and Arcadia, abounding in flocks, are more so.-As for you, O Ægians! you are neither the third, nor the fourth, nor even the twelfth; you inspire no respect, nor are of the smallest importance." -Larcher.

196 Abantes.]-This people cut off their hair before, and suffered it to grow behind; being a valiant race, they did this to prevent the enemy, whom they always boldly fronted, seizing them by the hair. For the same reason Alexander the Great ordered his generals to make the troops cut off their hair.-Larcher.

the Prytaneum '97 of Athens, esteem themselves the most noble of all the Ionians, on their first settling in the country, brought no wives, but married a number of Carian women, whose parents they put to death. In consequence of this violence, the women made a compact amongst themselves, which they delivered to their daughters, never to sit at meals with their husbands, nor to call them by their appropriate names; which resolution was provoked by the murder of their parents, their husbands, and their children, and by their being afterwards compelled to marry the assassins.-The above happened at Miletus.

CXLVII. Of those chosen by these Ionians for their kings, some were Lydians, descended of Glaucus 198, the son of Hippolochus, and others, Caucon

197 Prytaneum.]—The Prytaneum was the senate-house of Athens. After the senators were elected, presiding officers were appointed, who were called Prytanes. There were fifty of these, and they resided constantly in the Prytaneum, that they might be ready, says Potter, to give audience to whoever had any thing to propose concerning the commonwealth. In the same place also resided other citizens who had rendered important services to their country. The Prytaneum was sacred to Vesta; it was not appropriate to Athens: mention is made of the Prytaneum of Siphros, of Cyzicum, of Syracuse, and of many other places.-T.

193 Glaucus.]-This is the Glaucus who relates his genealogy to Diomed in the sixth book of the Iliad.

Hippolochus surviv'd; from him I came,

The honour'd author of my birth and name;

By his decree I sought the Trojan town, &c.-Pope. I cannot help remarking, that the whole version of this episode is comparatively defective in spirit and in melody.-T.

Caucon-Pylians, of the race of Codrus, son of Melanthus. These were more tenacious of their Ionian name than the rest of their countrymen they are without question true and genuine Ionians: but this name may, in fact, be applied to all those of Athenian origin, who celebrate the Apaturian festival199; from which it is to be observed, that the Ephesians and Colophonians are alone excluded, who had been guilty of the crime of murder.

CXLVIII. Panionium* is a sacred place 20° on Mycale, situate towards the north, which by the

universal

199 Apaturian festival.]—This was first instituted at Athens, and thence derived to the rest of the Ionians, Colophon and Ephesus alone excepted. It continued three days: the first was called Dorpia, from Dorpos, a supper; on the evening of this day each tribe had a separate meeting, at which a sumptuous entertainment was prepared. The second day was named Anarrusis. Victims were offered to Jupiter and to Minerva, in whose sacrifices, as in all that were offered to the celestial gods, it was usual to turn the head of the victims upwards towards heaven. The third day was called Koureotis, from Kouros, a youth, or Koura, shaving. The young men who presented themselves to be inrolled amongst the citizens had then their hair cut off. At this time their fathers were obliged to swear, that both themselves and the mothers of the young men were free-born Athenians. For farther particulars on this subject, consult Archbishop Potter's Antiquities of Greece.-T.

*It is greatly to be lamented that no traveller has found the particular site of the Panionium, where Dr. Chandler had not time to copy an inscription, which might have conveyed some information, (Travels in Asia Minor, p. 158,) and to which Bp. Pococke did not go (II. 53.) Who knows whether 200 For this note see next page.]

these

universal consent of the Ionians is consecrated to the Heliconian Neptune 201. Mycale is a promontory, projecting itself westward towards Samos. Upon this mountain the Ionians assemble from their different cities, to celebrate the Panionia. Not only the proper names of these religious ceremonies, but those of all the other Greeks, terminate, like the Persian proper names, in the same letter.

these places of general meeting might not be earth-works, like the tinwald of the Manks, as the tomb (ona) of Alyattes was a tumulus or barrow, (xwμa yns) with a margin or base of great stones, and on its summit five oupo, or little stones, with inscriptions probably as rude as any in Cornwall or Wales? Few travellers search with just ideas on these subjects. A tumulus or a bare site are not sufficiently interesting; and they do not define the æra of a rude stone and richly chiseled capital. As little attention has been paid to the site of Babylon or Nineveh, whose earth-works might have been expected to remain.

200 Sacred place.]-Ampelus and Omphalus were the same term originally, however varied afterwards, and differently appropriated. They are each a compound from Omphe, and relate to the oracular deity. Ampelus, at Mycale in Ionia, was confessedly so denominated, from its being a sacred place, and abounding with waters, by which people who drank them were supposed to be inspired.-Bryant.

201 Heliconian Neptune.]-The Ionians had a great veneration for Neptune; they had erected to him a temple at Helice, a city of Achaia, when that country belonged to them. From this place the deity took his name of Heliconius. Homer calls him Heliconian king. The Ionians giving place to the Achaians, carried with them to Athens, where they took refuge, the worship of Neptune: afterwards fixing in Asia, they constructed, in honour of this divinity, a temple, on the model of that at Helice. This temple was in the territories of Priene, to which place he who presided at the sacrifices was obliged to belong, its inhabitants giving out that they came from Helice.-Larcher.

CXLIX. The above are the cities of Ionia. Those of Eolia are Cyme, sometimes called Phryconis, Larissa, Neontichus, Temnos, Cilla, Notium, Ægiroessa, Pitane, Ægæa, Myrina, and Grynia; these were the eleven original cities of olia. There were formerly twelve on the continent; but Smyrna, which was one of them, the Ionians captured. The country possessed by the Æolians is in itself more excellent than Ionia, tho' much inferior in the temperature of the air.

CL. The loss of Smyrna was occasioned by the following incident. Some inhabitants of Colophon, who had raised a sedition, and had been driven from their country, were received into Smyrna. They watched their opportunity, and whilst the citizens were engaged in celebrating the rites of Bacchus without the town, they secured the gates, and took possession of the place. All the Eolians assembled for its relief: they afterwards came to terms, and it was agreed that the Ionians should retain the city, restoring to the former inhabitants their household goods. The Smyrneans were in consequence divided among the other cities, with enjoyment of the different privileges annexed to each.

CLI. The above are the Eolian cities* on the continent, among which we have not enumerated those

* Eolian cities.]-The Eolians of Lesbos affirmed, that