Adæquata causa, why the expres-
sion is not here employed, 119.
Adequate hypotheses, 105-110.
Affirmative instances, tendency of
the mind to notice, rather than
negative instances, 251-255.
Analogy, argument from, 221-232.
different meanings of the word,
221, 222.
false, fallacy of, 324-351.
Antiquitas sæculi juventus mundi,
origin of the apophthegm,
329, 330.
Antiquity, illegitimate use of the
argument from, 327-330.
Aristotle pointed out the depend-
ence of deduction on induc-
tion, 235.
- his constant employment of
inductio per simplicem enu-
merationem, 276, 277.
his constant employment of the
argument from final causes,
342-344.
Astronomy, a science of observa-
peculiarly rich in examples of
the Method of Residues, 171.
Authority, illegitimate use of the
argument from, 285-293.
Average of observations, 46, 47.
Averages, undue extension of con-
clusions based upon, 280–284.
Bacon, his condemnation of induc-
tio per simplicem enumera-
tionem, 123, 276.
his instantiæ solitariæ, 141.
his instantiæ crucis, 148–151.
his approximation to the in-
ductive methods, 206–209.
- his notice of the tendency to take
account of affirmative rather
than negative instances, 251.
- his criticism of the argument
from final causes, 336-338.
Bain, Professor, referred to on uni-
formities of co-existence, 8, 9,
- his view of the origin of uni-
versal beliefs, 33.
- quoted with reference to the
Intermixture of Effects, 204,
Botany, reasons for the excellence
of its classifications, 54.
nature of our conception of,
- origin of our conception of,
- definition of, 22-24.
error originating in mistaking
a joint cause for a sole cause,
300-308.
error originating in mistaking
joint effects for cause and
effect, 309-313.
error originating in the con-
fusion of the proximate with
the primary or remote cause
of a phenomenon, 313–316.
error due to neglecting to take
into account the mutual ac-
tion and reaction (mutuality)
of cause and effect, 317-319.
error due to the inversion of
cause and effect, 320-323.
Causes, exciting, 15.
Causes, predisposing, 15.
- final, illegitimate employment
of the argument from, 336-
35I.
Certainty, the question whether it
be predicable of inductive in-
ferences, xi-xxii.
Characteristick, 83, 84.
Chemistry, nomenclature of, go.
method of difference extensively
employed in, 151.
Classification, 50-87.
- scientific, distinguished from
that employed in the affairs
of ordinary life, 51-54.
scientific, regarded as subsidiary
to induction, definition of, 53.
-a natural system of, distin-
guished from an artificial sys-
tem of, 54-56.
– natural, rules for the right con-
duct of, 72-79.
Co-existence, Inductions of, 7-9,
53, 218, 219.
Colligation of facts, a hypothesis
serves for, 98.
Comparison, Method of, 196.
Conditions, relation of, to the
cause of a phenomenon, 13-
15.
Consent, Universal, argument from.
292, 293.
Consilience of inductions, 117-119.
Continuity, law of, 80-82.
Crucial instances, 148–151.
Darwin, Mr., quoted on the signi-
be indifferently ascribed to
several, 299.
Fallacy of non-observation, 250-
268.
of non-observation of instances,
250-264.
of non-observation of circum-
stances attendant on a given
instance, 264-268.
- of mal-observation, 268-273.
arising from treating the in-
ductio per simplicem enu-
merationem as if it were a
valid induction, 274-293.
- of non causa pro causâ,' 294-
due to the neglect of a joint
cause, 300-308.
due to mistaking of joint effects
for cause and effect, 309-
313.
due to the confusion of the
proximate with the primary
or remote cause of a phe-
nomenon, 313–316.
due to neglecting to take into
account the mutual action
and reaction (mutuality) of
cause and effect, 317-319.
due to the inversion of cause
and effect, 320-323.
of false analogy, 324-351.
due to the illegitimate employ-
ment of argument from final
causes, 336-351.
Final causes, fallacy due to the ille-
gitimate employment of the
argument from, 336-351.
Hamilton, Sir W., his criticism of
Hume's theory on the nature
of cause, 21.
Herschel, Sir John, distinctly recog-
nises the inductive methods,
206.
- quoted on our tendency to
notice affirmative rather than
negative instances, 252, 253.
Historical Method, 200-202, 245,
246.
Hume, his view of the nature of our
conception of cause, 17-29.
- injustice done to him by quoting
from his treatise of Human
Nature, 28, 29.
Hypothesis, 10-13, 95-121, 242,
243.
- always suggested by facts
within our experience, xxi.
242.
distinction between, and induc-
tion, 10-13, 110-113.
- description of, 96, 97.
Hypothesis, conditions of a legiti-
mate, 99-III.
difference between Mr. Mill
and Dr. Whewell as to the
functions of, 113-119.
gratuitous, 120, 121.
Hypothetical, all reasoning is in a
sense, xvii-xix.
Inductio per simplicem enumera-
tionem, 7-9, 122-124, 214-
complete, 123, 214.
distinction between complete
and incomplete, 214, 215.
distinguished from the Method
of Agreement, 217, 218.
fallacy arising, in certain cases,
from its employment as if it
were a scientific induction,
274-293.
its employment by Aristotle,
276, 277.
instance of its employment in
the Science of Probability,
281-284.
- is still commonly employed in
social speculations, 284, 285.
Induction, ambiguous use of the
word, 3, 4.
the nature of, 3-10, 122-124.
defined, 9, 10.
distinction between, and hypo-
question whether it be from
the particular to the general,
or from particulars to adjacent
particulars, 15-17.
of Causation, 8, 9, 124, 219.
of Equality, 8, 9.
imperfect, 214-234.
– incomplete, 232-234.
Inductive Methods, 122-213, 217,
218.
reducible to two only, 203.
distinctly recognised by Sir John
Herschel, though the import-
ance now attached to them is
mainly due to Mr. Mill,
206.
approximations to, in the No-
vum Organum, 206–209.
defended against the attacks of
Dr. Whewell, 209-213.
imperfect applications of, 232-
234.
- fallacies common to the em-
ployment of, 293-323.
Inverse Deductive Method, 201,
245, 246.
Intermixture of effects, 203-205.
Isolation of phenomena, import-
ance of, 48-50.
Jevons, Professor, referred to on
the question whether induc-
tion be from the particular to
the general, or from particulars
to adjacent particulars, 17.
on rules for legitimate hypo-
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