worth, whilst the Lord Berkly and Ashburnham ferried over to the Isle of Wight, to Governor Hammond, of whom the King had some hopes, because of his brother, Doctor Hammond, who was his Majesty's chaplain, to whom they were to signify in general, that the King having escaped from eminent danger of assassination, was willing to cast himself upon his fidelity, if he would engage upon oath for the safety and liberty of his person. Hammond would engage for his safety, but not for his liberty, and they fearing to be taken into custody, came over with him to the Lady's house, where the King was; who found that he was necessitated to cast himself with an unwilling willingness upon Colonel Hammond's protection; who presently certifies the Parliament of it, and they being well contented therewith, ordered his continuance there, with the same attendance, and no other, that he had at Hampton Court.

The King being at Carisbroke Castle, writes a letter to the Parlia ment, and another to the Scots commissioners, wherein he professes, that he cannot either as a Christian or a King, consent to the abolishing episcopal hierarchy, because he judged it apostolical, and had sworn at his coronation to maintain it, but he was willing that the Presbyterian government should continue for three years, and a free debate to be had between the divines assembled at Westminster, and twenty that he should appoint, about the settlement of church government for the future; he is also willing that the Parliament shall dispose of the militia, and have the choice of his privy councellors during his reign, provided they have it by grant of patent from him, and that it return to his successors; and he is willing that the arrears of the army should be paid, and he will be ready to use his utmost endeavour for the raising of so much money. These and some other proposals he made, promising likewise to satisfy Scotland when he shall receive his desires; and still he pressed for a personal treaty, which the Parliament refuse, yet after three days debate they were content to admit it, provided he would sign these four bills, 1. That it be lawful for the future to order the militia without the King's consent, to raise what armies they please; all other under pain of treason to be prohibited to assemble to the number of thirty persons without authority of Parlia ment. 2. That it be lawful for the two Houses to sit, or adjourn their sitting to what place they please, and to assemble at what time soever at their own discretion. 3. That all oaths, interdictions, and declarations, set forth in public against either of the Houses, be accounted and declared void. 4. Whomsoever of the nobility the King hath dignified with titles from the time himself departed, and carried away

the great seal of the kingdom, that they shall be degraded of their honours; and these four bills to be passed into acts.

These propositions were carried to the King by the Earl of Denbigh, Lord Montague, Mr. Lisle, Mr. Goodwin, Mr. Kemp, and Mr. Bunkley; but the Scots commissioners follow, and protest against them, as too much intrenching on the King's honour, and contrary to the Parliaments former engagements, and protestation; and so the King refused to sign them, desiring the cominissioners to tell the two Houses, that there were different interests to be complied with; namely, the Parliament, the army, and the Scots, and therefore he requested, that some means might be found to give content to all these, without which a well grounded peace could never be established. The King's refusal so offended the Commons, that they put it to the vote, whether any more addresses should be made to him, and after a long debate it was resolved, 1. That no addresses shall be hereafter made to him by the Parliament of England. 2. That none shall, under pain of treason, make any addresses without leave from the Parliament. 3. That no written paper, message, or declaration be received from his Majesty on penalty of treason; which votes were so well resented of the army, that having no further need of the agitators, they reduce them into order, and publish a declaration wherein they approve of the Commons proceedings, and their resolution to adhere, and stand by them in their votes, even against the King himself, or any other that should join with him; which the Lords perceiving, after many days tugging about it, they at last assented to the votes of the House of Commons. In the mean time Colonel Hammond had turned away the King's servants, and used him a little more severely than formerly, which oc casioned a mutiny at Newport, the chief town in the Isle of Wight, where one Captain Burleigh beat up a drum for the King's service and delivery, but was soon suppressed, himself taken prisoner, and afterward hanged, drawn and quartered as a traitor; and more forces are sent at Colonel Hammond's request to secure the island.

And now both Houses vote, that a committee of the Derby House have a full power to transact the business of the whole kingdom, and to dispose as they shall think fit of the army commanded by Sir Thomas Fairfax, who is now impowered to place and displace the. King's attendants, provided he allow him not more than thirty, and soon after he becomes Lord Fairfax by the death of his father. About this time Judge Jenkins was brought to the bar of the House, where he refused to kneel. His charge was read against him; that he had passed sentence against men to be hanged, drawn, and quartered,

for not assisting against the Parliament; that he took up arms himself, and stirred up others against them, and had charged them with counterfeiting the great seal; which he was so far from denying or any way extenuating, that he boldly owned all, and more than they accused him of, endeavouring to terrify them with the numerousness of the royal issue; and so provoked the House with his deportment and words, that he was fined 10007. and the House voted a charge to be brought in against him. The Marquis of Ormond, after several capitulations, had yielded up the Irish government into the hands of the Parliament, by whom Colonel Jones was sent over with 1450 horse and foot, who took possession of Dublin, June 17, and is made governor of the city, at the same time that Sir Charles Coot defeated a party of the Irish; and not to be idle, he marches out with 3000 men against General Preston, who being 8000 strong, routed him and put him to flight, doing much execution upon his forces in four miles pursuit ; but August 8, they came to a second encounter near Trym, where Colonel Jones revenged his former defeat, beat Preston out of his bog, killed 5470 foot soldiers, and 300 of the gentry, took 7000 arms, 4 pieces of cannon, and great pillage, with 150 oxen, and improving his victory, takes 13 other considerable castles. Soon after the Lord Inchequin gave a defeat to another party of the Irish in Munster, killing and taking 4000 men; so that now the Parliament having no need of the Scottish forces in Ulster, were very earnest to have them recalled.

The year 1648, and the 24th of his Majesty's reign, begins with the visitation of the university of Oxford by the new Chancellor, the Earl of Pembroke, not without much resistance; for the heads and principals would neither own the authority nor the covenant, for which many of them were outed their places, and others put in, and the Parliament vote, that all those who will not submit to their power shall be expelled the University, and all the college rents to be paid to the visitors by them appointed. This summer, the King, though a prisoner, was as formidable as ever since the late troubles, the very name of a King proving sufficient to raise considerable armies; London itself was not free from mutiny, for April 9, the apprentices set upon part of the trained bands, whom they overpowered, and increasing hourly, di vided into parties; one whereof made towards Whitehall, but were repressed by the horse guards at the Mews, yet at night they join again, surprize Newgate and Ludgate, and shut up the gates; then they seized a small ordnance from the Lord Mayor's house, which they place within Ludgate, the next morning they break open some gun

smiths shops for arms and ammunition, and mastered the magazine at Leadenhall, crying out for God and King Charles. But the next day General Fairfax entered Aldersgate with two regiments, marched to Leadenhall-street, and there charged the undisciplined multitude, who after a short tumultuary skirmish, were utterly dispersed with little or no loss.

But in Wales, Colonel Poyer, Governor of Pembroke Castle, refused to deliver up his charge upon demand, without full payment of his arrears; and Major-General Langhorn, for the same reason, denied to disband his men, and so both revolt, and Langhorn surprizesTM Tenby Castle with the Parliament's commissioners in it, and now they grow bold, commanding contribution round about, and declare for the King. Colonel Horton is sent commander in chief against them with thirty companies of horse and foot, who sends out Colonel Flemming to gain a pass from Poyer, which he finds quitted to his hands, but going on, immediately falls into Poyer's ambuscade, by whom he is totally routed, and forced to fly with a few others to a neighbouring church, which finding himself unable to defend, he died as it is thought by his own sword, and the rest were taken prisoners. This success was attended with another, Chepstow Castle being taken by Sir Thomas Kemish, in the Governor's absence; but now the tide turns, for news come that Lieutenant-General Cromwell is advancing with a strong power to suppress them, which makes Langhorn resolve to fight Horton before his coming, who as willingly marched to meet him; and May 8, near St. Fagows, views his enemy near 8000 strong, but in disorder and unready to fight. In this condition Colonel Horton charged them, and obtained an easy victory, killed some, took 1500 officers, and 5000 common soldiers prisoners, Langhorn and Powel escaped by flight. Cromwell enters Wales, storms Tenby Castle, and has it yielded upon mercy, and Chepstow Castle was re taken by Colonel Ewer; but all this could not keep Sir John Owen quiet, who whilst Cromwell besieged Pembroke Castle, got together some forces in North Wales, which the county Sheriff would have surprised, but being too weak was defeated and taken prisoner, and shortly after the same fortune befel Owen himself, by the forces of Major-General Mitton. Pembroke town and castle stood out courageously for a long time; but at length were so distressed, that they willingly would have surrendered if they could have obtained any other conditions than to yield upon discretion; Cromwell gives a furious storm, which the besieged resolutely endured. But the Scotish invasion made him more inclinable to treat, and the town and castle was

delivered upon articles, July 13, Langhorn, Poyer, and three other principal actors to submit to the Parliament's mercy, the other commanders, knights and gentlemen, to depart the kingdom within six weeks, for two years, the rest to return to their own homes, and the town to enjoy their liberties and freedoms; those that submitted to mercy, were afterward tried as traitors, notwithstanding the Prince's letter to General Fairfax on their behalf, only they had the favour to cast lots for their lives, and so Colonel Poyer only suffered.

April 20, 1648, the Duke of York, disguised in women's apparel, made his escape from St. James's by water, and landed at Dort, in Holland, by the help of one Colonel Bampfield, sent over for that purpose by the Queen. The country now began to be displeased, that after such expence of men and money, there was yet no likelihood of a settlement, but rather a fearful expectation of new wars, and therefore resolve to petition; the county of Essex begins, desiring the Parliament, that the army may be disbanded, and the King admitted to a personal treaty; Surry follows, and desires the like, but only in higher terms, and being numerous, quarrel with the soldiers at Westminster, and came to blows, some hurt was done on both sides, but night parts the fray; London petitions to the same effect, and desire, that those prisoners who stood committed for the insurrection in Massey's business might be released; as they were soon after upon the city's constant adhering to the Parliament, and refusing to send aid to the Kentish men against Fairfax; and at their desire the militia was restored, and Major-General Skippon was appointed commander of the city and all the forces within the late lines of communication; the Lieutenant of the Tower was discharged, and Mr. West, citizen, put in his place, and Colonels Barkstead and Rich were ordered to draw their regiments out of Whitehall and the Mews, instead of which, the common council of the city order a guard for the Parliament, and 6007. yearly for their Major-General; and all this with the General's free consent and approbation. The Kentish men would not petition, but with their swords in their hands, and were up in arms in such considerable numbers, that it was thought fit for Fairfax himself to march against them, which he doth with 6000 foot, and 2000 horse; the Kentish men were near 2000, but unadvisedly parted their forces, and sent away a brigade to besiege Dover Castle. Fairfax advances, and defeats some near Gravesend, and others at Northfield; and the Kentish men not being prepared to fight, he comes to Maidstone, in which they were drawn up in a body, the town strongly manned, and well provided with ordnance, and barricaded. Fairfax having in