given to the Lord Cottington and Sir Edward Hyde, his Majesty's Ambassadors to that King, who at length were admitted to have audience.

The substance of the embassy was, 1. That the Parliament of England having been in arms against his father, had prevailed against him, and caused him to be put to death. 2. That he being the son and heir of the said Charles late King of Great Britain and Ireland, was kept out of his kingdoms by the said Parliament. 3. That he desired his neighbourly assistance, that he would afford him what aid he could to establish him into his rights and dignities in the kingdom, To this the King of Spain made answer; That he was sorry for his father's ill success, wishing that he had been more prosperous. 2. That he condoled with him for his father's death, and was much affected with sorrow at the manner of it. 3. That concerning the difference between him and the Parliament, and the right on the one and the other side, they being matters out of his territories and jurisdictions, he could not take cognizance of them, nor should he meddle therein; but for any thing within his own dominions, he should be willing to do him what lawful favour he could.

It is in vain to sue for help to those, against whose interest it is to afford it; this King, notwithstanding the sorrow he professed for his late Majesty's death, thinking it most for his profit to comply with the prevailing party, was the first that owned the power of the English Commonwealth, and shewed himself desirous to enter into a league with them.

During the Scots treaty, the Marquis of Montross was seized in Scotland, and for opposing the Kirk party, was condemned and executed upon a gibbet near fifty feet high, with all imaginable contempt; which his Majesty having an account of, was much troubled, and the treaty had like to have been broken off, but at length through the necessity of affairs was concluded, and being carried to Edinburgh, after much debate it was resolved, another message should be sent to invite the King over; but the Parliament here in England having notice of these proceedings in Scotland, prepared an army thereupon to invade Scotland, under the command of their General Oliver Cromwell.

And now the King being arrived at Spey, in the north of Scotland, some Lords were sent down to accompany him to Edinburgh: as he come along he was entertained with the general joy of all the people,

and at Aberdeen he was presented with 1500l. which thing was ill taken by the Committee of Estates; and therefore they sent an injunction to prevent other places from doing the like. The King being now come to Edinburgh, was again proclaimed King, July 15, 1650, but his coronation was deferred by reason of the then troubles, since the English army was upon the borders, and the Scots now began to think how to defend themselves, and therefore marched under the command of Montgomery, and set upon the English at Muscleborough, but were worsted by them; and at Dunbar, the English wholly routed them, taking the pass there.

At the same time the Scots were divided among themselves into three parties; but the King returning with Montgomery to St. Johnston, they were all reconciled, and the King on January 1, 1650, was crowned at Scone; and soon after set up his standard at Aberdeen, resolving to be himself Generalissimo of the Scotch army. About which time Sir Henry Hyde was beheaded at London for his loyalty; and not long after Captain Brown; Bushell received the like doom for performing some signal services to the King; the King began to fortify Sterling, and the English drew near it: and Cromwell perceiving he could not draw the Scots to a field battle, suddenly transported over Fife 1600 foot, and four troops of horse, who with the help of Lambert and Okey, routed the Scots under Sir John Brown, taking him and several other persons of quality prisoners; killing 2000 on the place, and taking about 120 prisoners. Not long after Mr. Gibbons and Mr. Love were beheaded on Tower Hill, upon the discovery of a plot in England against the Parliament, by the Presbyterians.

The King seeing the English prevail so fast, thought it best to quit Scotland, and so marched for England, July 30, 1651, which Cromwell observing, sent Lambert after him with a select party of horse.

The King's army being now in England, the Parliament caused numerous forces to be raised in most counties in England, and his Majesty marched on to Worcester, and fortified it. In the mean time MajorGeneral Lambert gained the pass at Upton, by a desperate attempt, in causing some of his troopers to swim the river on horseback, carrying their pistols and holsters in their hands to save them from wet, whereby they put Major-General Massey and his men to the retreat, so that the King's party was forced to quit the town, and leave the pass to the Parliamentarians, who quickly made a bridge over the river; and

Cromwell joining with the rest of the forces against the King, after some sallies out of the town against them; at length the King in the front of his men, sallied out of Town on September 3, 1651, and so valiantly charged Cromwell's life-guard, that they were forced to retire, till seconded by fresh forces, they put the King's party to the retreat; and the King had his horse twice shot under him, and not able to rally again, they were forced to fly into the town, where Cromwell's party entered pell-mell with them, and then the cry went, Save the King, save the King.

The King seeing all lost, with some of his nobles and servants, escaped with much difficulty to a farmer's house in Staffordshire, where he disrobed himself, and for want of scissars, had his hair cut off with a knife; and so with the company of one friend (who brought him provisions towards night), he betook himself to a wood, where he made an oak his palace; the soldiers hunting about for him, and a thousand pounds promised as a reward to those that could take him. It is supposed there were about 3000 slain at Worcester, and 700 taken prisoners, and not long after the Earl of Derby, who was one of thein, was beheaded at Bolton in Lancashire.

His Majesty through many dangers and difficulties arrived at last safely at Paris in France: and awhile after Oliver Cromwell, April 20, 1653, dissolved the long Parliament, which had sat twelve years, six months, and seventeen days. In this year and the next, there were five bloody engagements at sea against the Dutch, in most of which the English were victorious.

Oliver Cromwell called another Junto this year, which was termed the Little Parliament, who sat some short time, and then delivered back their power to him from whom they had received it. And December 16, 1653, Cromwell was sworn Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, &c. And so the government was now again in a single person; and in April after, the Protector concluded a peace with the Dutch, whose aid and assistance the King had strongly solicited against him.

His Majesty after this, sought a reconciliation between France and Spain, and hoping thereby to further his own interest, he left France, and departed for Germany, accompanied with his cousin Prince Rupert; about which time Cromwell had discovered a plot in England

against his authority; and Colonel Gerrard and Mr. for the same on Tower Hill; and on the same day,

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According to the treaty with France, Cromwell sent over some forces to aid the French in his wars against Flanders, and the English were to have Dunkirk in consideration thereof, which upon taking of it was accordingly delivered. In the same year, 1656, Cromwell, by a Parliament garbled to his mind, was installed Lord Protector in Westminster Hall: and awhile after another plot was discovered; Sir Henry Slingsby, Dr. Hewet, Mr. Aston, and Mr. Stacey, suffered death upon the same account; the two first being beheaded, and the others drawn, hanged and quartered, being charged to be concerned therein. Upon September 3, 1658, Oliver Cromwell departed this life in Whitehall, and lay in state in Somerset House till November 23, fol

lowing, when he was buried with great pomp in Westminster Abbey. After whom his son Richard succeeded, but was soon thrust out of his Protectorship by Fleetwood and Lambert; who with the rest of the army, called the Long Parliament again. After which several gentlemen in Cheshire, under the conduct of Sir George Booth, rose for defence of their privileges, but were defeated by Lambert; who soon after turned out this remnant of the Long Parliament again, and erected a government which they called a Committee of Safety. All which revolutions still advanced the King's cause. Lambert now marches north as far as Newcastle to fight with General Monk, but his men were unwilling to engage; and in the mean time the remainder of the Long Parliament had again gotten together, and dissolved the Committee of Safety, and then invited General Monk to march with his army to London, which he did accordingly, and was received with joy, and soon after he procured the dissolution of that Long Parliament; and he calling another upon April 25, 1660, his Majesty having notice thereof, sent several letters to the Lords, Commons, General Monk, &c. and likewise his gracious declaration to all his loving subjects, as followeth :

CHARLES R.

Charles, by the grace of God King of England, &c. defender of the faith, &c. To all our loving subjects of what degree or quality soever, greeting. If the general distraction and confusion which is spread over the whole kingdom, doth not awaken all men to a desire and longing, that those wounds which have so many years together been kept bleeding, may be bound up, all we can say will be to no purpose however, after this long silence, we have thought it our duty to declare, how much we desire to contribute thereunto, and that as we can never give over the hope, in good time to obtain the possession of that right which God and Nature hath made our due, so we do make it our daily suit to the Divine Providence, that he will in compassion to us and our subjects, and after so long misery and sufferings, remit and put us into a quiet and peaceable possession of that our right, with as little blood and a damage to our people as is possible; nor do we desire more to enjoy what is ours, than that our subjects may enjoy what by law is theirs, by a full and intire administra tion of justice throughout the land, and by extending our mercy where it is wanted and deserved.

And to the end that the fear of punishment may not engage any conscious to themselves of what is past, to a perseverance in guilt for the future, by opposing the quiet and happiness of their country in the restoration both of King, Peers, and People, to the just, ancient,