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But the Son (afterwards Lord Treasurer and Earl of Salisbury) was not fo civilly treated by the Populace; and is an Instance, not only that Envy pursues a great Man, but that the highest Post cannot redeem a deformed one from Contempt; it attends him like his Shadow, and like that too is ever reminding him of his ill Figure; which is often objected for want of real Crimes. For the fame Writer [] fays of the fame great Man; that the Misfortunes accompanying him from "his Birth did not a little add to that Cloud of "Detraction, that fell upon all that he said or did;

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a Mul& in Nature, like an Optick Spectacle,

multiplying much in the Sight of the People "the Apparitions of Ill." Nor was this Contempt buried with him: it trampled on his Ashes, and infulted his Grave; as appears by an Epitaph, which Ofborn cites, as void of Wit, as it is full of Scurrility; in one Line of which there is an Epithet, not fo elegant, as defcriptive of his Perfon, viz. "Little Boffive Robin, that was fo great."

Such Contempt in general, joined with the Ridicule of the Vulgar, is another certain Confequence of bodily Deformity. For Men naturally despise what appears lefs beautiful or useful; and their Pride is gratified, when they see fuch Foils to their own Perfons. It is this Senfe of Superiority, which is teftified by Laughter in the lower Sort; while their Betters, who know how little any Man whatsoever hath to boast of, are restrain

[] Historical Memoirs of King James.

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ed by good Sense and good Breeding from such an Infult. But it is not eafy to fay why one Species of Deformity fhould be more ridiculous than another, or why the Mob fhould be more merry with a crooked Man, than one that is deaf, lame,, fquinting, or purblind. Or why should they backbite me (if I may use the Expreffion) to my Face,, and not laugh at my Face itfelf for being harrowed by the Small Pox? It is a Back in Alto Relievo that bears all the Ridicule; though one. would think a prominent Belly a more reasonable: Object of it; fince the last is generally the Effect of Intemperance, and of a Man's own Creation.. Socrates was ugly, but not condemned; and [7]; Philopamen of very mean Appearance, and though. contemned on that Account, not ridiculed; for [u] Montaigne fays, "ill Features are but a fuper-"ficial Uglinefs, and of little Certainty in the "Opinion of Men; but a. Deformity of Limbs “is more substantial, and strikes deeper in." As it is more uncommon, it is more remarkable; and that, perhaps, is the true Reafon, why it is more ridiculed by the Vulgar.

Since this is the Cafe, I appeal to my Frater-nity, whether it is not found Policy to ufe Stra tagem to guard against their Attacks as much as

[] Coming to an Inn, where he was expected, before his Attendants, the Mistress of the Houfe, feeing a plain Perfon, of very mean Afpect, ordered him to affift in getting things ready for Philopamen. His Attendants finding him fo employed, he told them, he was then paying the Tribute of his Uglinefs. Plutarch. [u] In his Effay on Phyfiognomy...:

may

may be; and, fince they are deceived by outward Appearances, to call in the Aid of the Taylor, to prefent them with better Shapes than Nature has bestowed. Against so unfair an Adversary such Fraud is justifiable; though I do not approve of it in general. When I was a Child, I was drawn like a Cupid, with a Bow and Arrow in my Hands, and a Quiver on my Shoulder; I afterwards thought this an Abuse, which ought to be corrected; and when I fate for my Picture fome years ago, I infifted on being drawn as I am, and that the ftrong marks of the Small Pox might appear in my Face; for I did not choofe to colourover a Lye. The Painter said, he never was al lowed fuch Liberty before; and I advised him, if he hoped to be in vogue, never to affume it again for Flatterers fucceed beft in the World; and of Flatterers, Painters are the leaft liable to be detected by thofe they flatter. Nor are the Ladies the only perfons concerned for their Looks. "[x] Alexander chofe to have his Picture drawn. "by Apelles, and his Statue formed by Lyfippus. "And the Spartan Agefilaus (conscious of his ill "Figure) would never fuffer any Picture or Sta" tue of him to be taken. He was one of the most "confiderable Perfons of his Age both for civil and military Virtues, infomuch that he justly acquired the Appellation of Agefilaus the Great. "But though Nature had been uncommonly li

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Edicto vetuit, ne quis fe, præter Apellen, Pingeret, aut alius Lyfippo duceret æra Fortis Alexandri vultum fimulantia.--Hor. Ep.i.1.2. See too Cicero's celebrated Epiftle to Lucceius.

beral:

"beral to him in the noble Endowments of the • Mind, she had treated him very unfavourably "in those of the body. He was remarkably low "of Stature; had one Leg fhorter than the other; "and fo very despicable a Countenance, that he 66 never failed of raising Contempt in those, who "were unacquainted with his moral and intellec"tual Excellencies. It is no wonder therefore, "that he was unwilling to be delivered down to

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Pofterity under the Disadvantages of fo unpro"mifing a Figure." I have given the [y] Words of a late very elegant Translation of Cicero's Letters.On the whole, I could with, that Mankind would be more candid and friendly with us; and inftead of ridiculing a distorted perfon, would rally the Irregularities of the Mind, which, generally, are as vifible as thofe of the Perfon; but being more common, they pass with little Notice as well in high as low Life. [z] Macenas would laugh at any Irregularity in Horace's Drefs, but not at any Caprice in his Behaviour, because it was common and fashionable; foa Man's Perfon, which is the Dress of his Soul, only is ridiculed, while the vicious Qualities of it efcape.-Let me. add, that if ridiculing another's Perfon is in no

[y] From the Translation, and Notes, of the Epiftle I have mentioned.

[x] Si curtatus inæquali tonfore capillos

Occurri, rides; fi forte fubucula pexe

Trita fubeft tunicæ, vel fi toga diffidet impar,
Rides; quid, mea cum pugnant fententia fecum ?
Quod petiit, fpernit; repetit quod nuper omifitè
Etuat, et vitæ difconvenit ordine toto?
Diruit, ædificat, mutat quadrata rotundis ?
Infanire putas folennia me ; neque rides.

Cafe

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Cafe to be juftified, the ill Treatment of it must be highly criminal: what then must we think of Balbus, a Roman Quæftor in Spain, who wantonly expofed to wild Beasts a certain noted Auctioneer at Seville, for no other Reafon, but because he was deformed. This is related in a [a] Letter to Cicero by Afinius Pollio,-the moft accomplished Gentleman of that Age; who calls Balbus a Monfter for this and other Acts of Barbarity. I am glad he has preferved the Memory of this poor Man, whom I here confecrate to Fame; and place foremost in the glorious Lift of our Martyrs.

I will now follow Lord Bacon as my Guide, in tracing out such Paffions and Affections, as most naturally refult from Deformity: for he fays, "There certainly is a Confent between the Body " and the Mind; and where Nature erreth in the "one, the ventureth in the other; and therefore

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Deformity may be beft confidered, in this re"fpect, as a Cause which feldom fails of the Ef"fect, and not as a Sign, which is more deceiv"able; for as there is an Election in Man touch"ing the Frame of his Mind, the Stars of natural Inclination are fometimes eclipfed by the "Sun of Discipline and Virtue."

He begins with faying, that "deformed Per"fons are commonly even with Nature; for as "Nature hath done ill by them, fo do they by "Nature, being for the most part (as the Scrip: "ture faith) void of natural affection." I can

[a] The 7th of the 5th Book in the Tranflationthe 23d of the 10th in the Original.

neither

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