Genealogies wanted. - Families of Sir Francis Drake and Lord Chancellor Bowes.-Can any of your correspondents give me any information, or direct me where to find it, about the subsequent or antecedent genealogy of Sir Francis Drake, and, more particularly, of Lord Bowes, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, who died in 1767 ? ALTRON. Leader, whence derived. In conversation lately with a gentleman connected with the press, the assertion was made that the articles in papers which are called leaders, or leading articles, were so called from the practice of leading, or putting leads between the lines to keep them at a distance, and is not to be understood as we generally do the words leading article. Can any correspondent confirm this view, or mention the origin of the word? NOTA. Ecclesiastical Year. A. by deed, dated January 1650, gave certain property to the parishioners of a parish to be applied for the benefit of schools. By will, dated September 1650, he vested the powers in the rector and churchwardens. A dispute has now arisen between the parishioners and rector which of them has the appropriation of the property. The latter contends that the will of September 1650 is prior to the deed of January 1650, because that, at that time, the ecclesiastical year commenced in March. Query, Would the ecclesiastical year prevail, in 1650, in the disposition of property, or for any purpose other than ecclesiastical purposes? RUSSELL GOLE. Georgia Office.In the Gentleman's Magazine for 1735, p. 499., is announced the arrival, on the 24th August, of Captain Thompson, from Savannah in Georgia. It is added: "He brought with him the Spake (or Speech) made in June last by the Indian kings of Cherrikaw and other nations, attended by Tomo Chachi, and the Indians who were with him in his kingdom. The said Spake is curiously written in red and black, on the skin of a young buffalo, and was translated into English as soon as delivered in the Indian language. It contains the Indian's grateful acknowledgments for the honours and civilities paid to Tomo Chachi, &c. The said skin is to be set in a fine gold frame, and hung up in the Georgia Office at Westminster." Query, What is the history of this Georgia 'Office, and what became of the papers and documents which must have been deposited there? μ. Wellington. Why did Sir Arthur Wellesley choose the title of Wellington when he was raised to the peerage? E. H. A. Town Plough.-Can any of your readers enlighten me as to the origin, use, and discontinuance of the "Town Plough ?" During the Com monwealth, it appears that in some places the parish church was made its depository; for in a parochial visitation of part of Cambridgeshire, shortly after the Restoration, I find orders given GASTROS. for its ejectment from that locality. Minor Queries Answered. Ziervogel.-I have a book, Dissertatio Academics, de Re Nummaria ejusque in Historia Suiogothica usu: cujus partem priorem.... publico eruditorum examini subjicit Evaldus Ziervogel: small 4to. Upsaliæ, 1745. Can any of your northern readers inform me whether the second part, which should contain the inscriptions of Swedish coins, and the dissertation on their historical use, ever appeared? W. H. S. Edinburgh. [The Second Part was published in 1749, the paginal figures being continued from the First. Both parts are frequently bound together.] Lovell (Robert), Pambotanologia.-A short time since I picked up at a stall a copy of a work entitled ΠΑΝΖΩΟΡΥΚΤΟΛΟΓΙΑ sive Panzoologicomineralogia, or a Complete History of Animals and Minerals, by Robert Lovell, St. C. C. Oxon., &c.: Oxford, 1661. In the preface to this work the author refers to his Book of Plants (Pambotanologia), containing the first part of the Materia Medica, and to its favourable reception by the reading public. Where will I find an account of this work and its contents? Though I have made several inquiries, I can get no information about either the book or its author. If it at all resembles the second part of the Materia Medica (the Panzoolo gicomineralogia), it would be well worthy a perusal by those who take an interest in the medical superstitions of a past age. Who was Robert Lovell? and did he publish any other works than the ENIVRI above? Drogheda. or an [Robert Lovell was a native of Warwickshire, and entered as student of Christ Church, Oxford, in 1648, and afterwards "diverted himself with the pleasant study of botany." He subsequently practised as a physician at Coventry, and was buried in the Church of the Holy Trinity in that city, on November 6, 1690. Besides the work possessed by our correspondent, Lovell was the author of Pammineralogicon, Universal History of Minerals, 8vo.: Oxford, 1661; as well as the following, the title-page of which is sufficiently descriptive of its contents: ПAMBOTANOAOFIA, sive Enchiridion Botanicum, or a Compleat Herball,"containing the Summe of Ancient and Modern Authors, both Galenical and Chymical, touching trees, shrubs, plants, fruits, flowers, &c., in an alphabetical order, wherein all that are not in the Physick Garden in Oxford are noted with asterisks: shewing their place, time, names, kinds, temperature, vertues, [Sir Harris Nicolas has added the following note to the words quoted by our correspondent: :-"This passage (that the author is a friend of mine, and I am sure no enemy to angling') goes very near to unfold the name of the author of The Synagogue, a collection of poems, suppletory to that of Mr. George Herbert, entitled The Temple. For we see Ch. Harvie' subscribed to the ensuing eulogium on the Common Prayer, which is also to be found in The Synagogue. And I find in the Athen. Oxon., vol. i. p. 267., a Christopher Harvey, a Master of Arts, vicar of Clifton in Warwickshire, born in 1597, and who lived to 1663, and perhaps after. Further, the second copy of commendatory verses prefixed to this book has the subscription Ch. Harvie, M. A.' The presumption, therefore, is very strong that both were written by the Christopher Harvey above mentioned. At the end of The Synagogue are some verses, subscribed Iz. Wa.' H. thony Wood says The Synagogue was written by Thomas Harvey. Athen. Oxon., by Bliss."] - An Hugh Broughton. - May I, through the "medium," put the following Queries? Where can be found the fullest biographical notice of this biblical worthy of the sixteenth century? Was ever a collected edition of his works published, and when? Your correspondents will much oblige me by answering either or both of these Queries. A. W. Kilburn. [In the year 1662 was published The Works of the Great Albionean Divine, renowned in many Nations for rare skill in Salems and Athens Tongues, and familiar Acquaintance with all Rabbinical Learning, Mr. Hugh Broughton. Collected into one volume, and digested into four tomes. The editor, Dr. John Lightfoot, has prefixed a "Preface, giving some Account of the Author's Life and Writings;" and at the end of the volume is a Funeral Sermon for Mr. Broughton by Dr. James Speght. The best account of Broughton will be found in Kippis' Biographia Britannica, vol. ii. p. 604. Although Dr. Lightfoot collected the greater portion of Broughton's pieces, still we are inclined to think, that many of his theological manuscripts are yet unpublished, and preserved in the British Museum, of which a list is given in Ayscough's Catalogue. Among The the miscellaneous folio sheets in the British Museum is "A Schedule of the Workes of the late Reverend and Learned Mr. Hugh Broughton, as they were preparing for the Presse." It contains a list of seventy-eight separate pieces, is without any date, but appears to have been issued during the Commonwealth. following curious "Advertisement to the Reader" is prefixed to the list: "This ensuing Catalogue presents itself to view with a double scope-an intimation and a request. The former gives to understand a purpose to set forth in an entire work the scattered pieces of that famous divine, Mr. Hugh Broughton, a man rarely learned in the originals, excellent in the cleare handling of darkest passages in the Holy Scripture, of closest meaning, eminent in his generation. It pre sents what by careful well-wishers to the truest knowledge and publique good hath been preserved in sinister times from perishing in obscurity. This facilitates the request: That if pieces to perfect what is defective, or adde to the whole, be in private hands, they will be pleased not to envy them to the publick, and to light his candle, which without their charge shall shine to themselves brighter. Nor shall this candid goodness be concealed, that they may reap the good name of faithful treasurers and liberal stewards. Please they therefore to repair to Mr. George Thomason [see "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 175.], at the Rose and Crowne in St. Paul's Churchyard, London, they shall finde a further assurance not to fail of serious performance to answer their pious expectations."] Carthusian Order.· - When was the Carthusian Order established, and what is known of its history? Mr Weld, in his Auvergne, Piedmont, and Savoy, thus remarks: "Voltaire, cynical as he was, admitted that this was the only ancient order which never wanted reform, the leading rules of governance being so admirably framed as never to require an alteration." Malta. W. W. [The order of Carthusians was founded in the year 1084, by Bruno of Cologne, a Canon of the Church of Rheims, who retired with six companions to the desert of Chartreuse, near Grenoble, in Dauphiné, and thence took the name of Carthusians. Each member of the community has a cell, with a little garden adjoining. By this means the recluses, however numerous, have no communication with each other. They never meet excepting at the public service, to which women are not admitted; and whenever it is necessary to make any communication to their brethren, it is done by signs. During meals, they are enjoined to keep their eyes on the dish, their hands on the table, their attention on the reader, and their hearts fixed on God. Notwithstanding this great severity of their regulations, it appears that no monastic society degenerated so little from their primitive institution and discipline as that of the Carthusians. The progress of their order, however, was less rapid than that of those establishments whose laws were less rigorous, and whose manners were less austere. Consult the Narrative of a Tour taken in the Year 1667 to La Grande Chartreuse and Alet, by Dom Claude Lancelot; Petri Orlandi Chronicum Carthusianum; Mabill. Annal. Bened. tom. vi.; and Helyot's Hist. des Ordres, tom. vii.] Vegetable Ivory.-Is there such a substance as vegetable ivory? How is it cultivated; and where? 14. King Edward Street, A. JUDGE. Liverpool Road, Islington. [Vegetable ivory is the seed of a dwarf palm-tree, the Phytelephus mucrocarpa. The part used by turners is the hard albumen, or the part which answers to what is called the flesh of the cocoa-nut. It is as durable, and nearly as hard, as the ivory of the elephant; but, from the small size of the fruit, can never come into competition with it for large articles. Some beautiful productions in this new material were exhibited by Mr. Taylor in the Great Exhibition, which, with drawings of the nut itself, are engraved in the second volume, page 781., of the Illustrated Catalogue.] Dutch Inscription. On a flask of earthenware, in my possession, is the following inscription in black letter: "Coept I fles van aken ter spoet En hout de in heilich vuater tes goet." Perhaps some of your friends in the Navorscher could furnish me with a correct translation. I have had several interpretations given to me, which do not, however, agree with each other. A. W. F. [We are informed by an accomplished Dutch scholar, to whom we have submitted this Query, that the lines are to be translated, 66 Buy a bottle of Aix-la-Chapelle with speed, Replies. "WHOE'ER HAS TRAVELL'D LIFE's dull round," etc. (Vol. vi., p. 414.) The lines are by Shenstone. In a pleasing little volume by his friend, the Rev. Richard Graves of Mickleton, the circumstances which gave occasion to their composition are thus narrated: "About the year 1750 (notwithstanding his reenough to take a journey of near seventy miles across luctance to leave home), Mr. Shenstone had resolution the country to visit his friend Mr. Whistler, in the southernmost part of Oxfordshire. Mr. Whistler, with manly sense and a fine genius, had a delicacy of taste and softness of manners bordering on effeminacy. He laid a stress on trivial circumstances in his domestic economy, which Mr. Shenstone affected to despise. As people in small families find it difficult to retain a valuable servant, Mr. Whistler made it a rule to preservants, and, without making any apology for it, had vent, as much as possible, any intercourse with strange village. This was a little disgusting, but unfortunately, while Mr. Shenstone was there, Mr. Whistler thought proper to give a ball and supper to two or three of the most respectable families in the neighbourhood." sent Mr. Shenstone's servant to a little inn in the Mr. Shenstone (as he says in a letter on that occasion) too much 66 never liked that place. There was This disposed him to ridicule Mr. Whistler's great solicitude in preparing for his entertainment instead, therefore, of paying any regard to As the meaning of this is not very clear, our friend their company, Shenstone continued lolling at his the hints given him, that it was time to dress for suggests that the proper sense of the two lines is,— ease, taking snuff, and disputing rather perversely Buy a bottle of Aix-la-Chapelle with speed, on the folly and absurdity of laying a stress upon And keep it in holy-water; it is good."] such trifles: and, in short, the dispute ran so high, Antiquities of Chess.-Can your correspondents evening, yet he curtailed his visit two or three that although Shenstone suppressed his choler that refer me to some readable work on the antiquities days, took a cool leave the next morning, and deof chess? What is the history of the celebrated camped. Traversing the whole county, he reached Indian problem printed on the cover of the Chess-Edge Hill that night, where, in a summer-house, player's Chronicle? Where is a solution of it to be found? A. A. D. [We believe the best and fullest account of the antiquities of this beautiful game will be found in Twiss On Chess, 2 vols. 8vo., 1787-1789. That accomplished antiquary, the late Mr. Douce, was, we believe, a large contributor to this interesting work, and had collected considerable additional materials, which may probably be found in his copy of it in the Bodleian. Considerable additions will be found also in the second volume of Twiss' Miscellanies (8vo., 1805). There is, besides, much valuable information in a paper by Sir Frederick Madden, printed in the Archæologia, vol. xxiv. p. 203.] he wrote the lines in question. Both Shenstone and Whistler seemed afterwards conscious of their childish conduct on this occasion: each seemed solicitous to know how his account stood with the other. Whistler still expressed the highest regard for Shenstone, and Shenstone retained the same warmth of affection for his old friend until his death. Mr. Graves remarks that "there were more stanzas added to this effusion afterward, which * Recollections of some Particulars in the Life of the late William Shenstone, Esq.: London (Dodsley), 1788, 12mo. diminished the force of the principal thought." The additions are thus given in Dodsley's edition of Shenstone's Works, vol. i. p. 218., where the whole is inscribed: "WRITTEN AT AN INN AT HENLEY. From flattery, cards, and dice, and din; I fly from falsehood's specious grin; And chuse my lodgings at an inn. Which lacqueys else might hope to win; Where'er his stages may have been, The warmest welcome at an iun." The statement of Mr. Graves, that the lines were written in a summer-house at Edge Hill (Mr. Jago's), is inconsistent with the title prefixed to these stanzas. Perhaps the lines so often quoted were all that were produced at Edge Hill; and the other stanzas may have been written afterwards at the inn at Henley. Poor Shenstone! of him it might truly have been said, "Some demon whisper'd, Visto! have a taste." That "purest of human pleasures" which fascinated him, was not unmixed with the bitterness of embarrassed circumstances arising out of the pursuit. He is, however, entitled to the grateful remembrance of every lover of the picturesque for his devotion to landscape gardening, which his example, and the taste he displayed in it, served to advance. Mr. Graves defends his friend from the supercilious and shallow observations of Johnson, who, from his education and physical defects, was incapable of appreciating the beauties of nature, and the merits of those who devoted themselves to the embellishment of rural scenery: "Bred up in Birmingham, in Lichfield born, No wonder rural beauties he should scorn." That Shenstone's writings are now little read or remembered, is evident from the Query of your esteemed correspondent, to whom, if I am right in my conjecture, I should think little that is valuable in our literature would be unknown. Mickleham. S. W. SINGER. The second version forms the fifth stanza of a poem which purports to have been Written at an Inn at Henley. The author is William Shenstone, one of the favourites of my youthful days. The quotation requires only the substitution of Where'er for Whate'er, and stages for wand rings. There is a semblance of truth in the lines which helps to stamp them on the memory, but I hope it is no more than the semblance. BOLTON CORNEY. I am surprised that my excellent and accomplished friend J. H. M. (if I do not misinterpret these initials) should inquire after these lines; for the author (Shenstone), and the two versions of the epigram, are given, under the date of 21st March, 1776, in Boswell's Life of Johnson, to Mr. Croker's edition of which J. H. M. (if I am not mistaken) contributed several intelligent notes. C. SIR ROBERT AYTOUN (NOT AYRTON). The name of the poet respecting whom UNEDA inquires is Sir Robert Aytoun. The verses which he sent to "N. & Q." will be found, with a few slight variations, in pp. 66. and 67. of The Poems of Sir Robert Aytoun, edited by Charles Roger: Edinburgh, 1844. The volume contains a memoir of the author, and a genealogical tree of the family. He was the second son of Andrew Aytoun, proprietor of Kinaldie in Fifeshire, and was born in 1570. He was, according to Dempster (who gives an account of him in his Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum), a writer of Greek and French, as well as of Latin and English verses. He was acquainted with many of his learned and poetical cotemporaries. Ben Jonson made it his boast, that "Sir Robert Aytoun loved him dearly." He was a member of the royal household of King James I., and afterwards became secretary to Henrietta Maria, queen of Charles I., and enjoyed the favour of that monarch till his death, which took place in the palace of Whitehall, in March, 1638. His remains were consigned to Westminster Abbey. A monument, with bust, was erected to his memory by his nephew Sir John Aytoun. They are still in good preservation. In a note to the poem referred to by UNEDA, the editor says: "This poem is reprinted from Watson's collection, where it appears anonymous, as well as in many others of our earlier collections of English poetry. From its similarity to Aytoun's other productions, it has been often ascribed to him, and little doubt can be entertained as to its authenticity. It is undoubtedly one of Aytoun's best productions; and it so attracted the notice of the poet Burns that he made an attempt to improve the simplicity of the sentiments, by giving them a Scottish dress.' Burns' alteration, however, was a complete failure." For further particulars respecting Sir Robert and his poems I must refer UNEDA to the volume before mentioned, from which my account has been entirely derived. TYRO. Dublin. The poet inquired after by UNEDA is Sir Robert Aytoun (not Ayrton), whose poems, with a Memoir and Notes, were edited, "from a MS. in his possession, and other authentic sources," by Charles Roger, and published by A. and C. Black of Edinburgh, 1844. For further information I shall refer to the work itself; and shall only add that the version printed by Roger differs, in some verbal respects, from that quoted by your correspondent, which appears improved. J. D. N. P. S.-I find a version ("Anonymous ") in Campbell's Specimens (vol. iii. p. 405.) from Select Ayres and Dialogues by Lawes, 1659, which is evidently very incorrectly given. It is also printed with Aytoun's English poems in The Bannatyne Miscellany, vol. i. p. 323., by Mr. David Laing, with a short Memoir and Notes. There appears, however, to be nothing but internal evidence for ascribing the authorship to Aytoun. UNEDA is referred to Smith's Scotish Portraits, 4to., 1798. In that work Sir Robert Aytoun's portrait is engraved from his bust in Westminster Abbey, where there is a very beautiful monument with his bust in bronze. H. W. D. while drinking water from a pond. The housesurgeon, suspecting how the case really stood, took the woman to the physician then in attendance, who happened to be Dr. John Johnstone, the celebrated pupil of Dr. Samuel Parr. The doctor being of the house-surgeon's opinion, addressed the woman thus: "I see, my good woman, that we shall do no good unless we kill the newt. I will put up something for you that will soon destroy him, and let me see you again in a few days." Not long afterwards she again presented herself at the hospital, and was shown up to the doctor, when the following colloquy ensued. Dr. J. "Well, my good woman, I suppose the draught I gave you soon killed the reptile." Woman. "Lord bless you, no, Sir. The not has had young ones since!" The doctor dismissed the case as beyond his skill. The extract furnished by K. P. D. E. confirms my view. Some illusion was probably practised upon the young man while in the act of vomiting, which his sister, acting under medical instructions, improved, with the view of persuading him that the reptile was really ejected. A feigned accouchement is often the only method of dispelling one class of these extraordinary delusions. Birmingham. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. NEWSPAPER FOLK LORE. (Vol. vi., pp. 221. 338.) I trust that I am more felicitous than K. P. D. E. in solving A LONDONER'S difficulty. To exclaim with Theodore Hook, "Those rascally newspapers will say anything," is cutting the Gordian knot with a vengeance. Without imputing mendacity to newspaper editors, I think I can find a rational solution. I suggest that in all probability the editors obtained their information through the de- | luded friends of some hypochondriac, or from the patient himself. It is a very common delusion with persons afflicted with hypochondriasis, that they have swallowed reptiles in drinking ditch or pond water. In other ways besides (which prurient imaginations will readily suggest) does this disease affect the stomach and bowels of the patient. If you can find room for the following incident, I think your correspondents will incline to my solution. An old woman came to the General Hospital here, and having been introduced to the housegeon (Mr. F. Jukes, now a surgeon resident she stated that she was troubled with pains wels caused by the contortions of a newt she called it), which she had swallowed DUTENSIANA. (Vol. vi., pp. 292. 376.) Although perhaps as much has been said of M. Louis Dutens as his literary status warrants, the following bibliographical remarks may perhaps interest your correspondents G. and W. So far as I know, he commenced his literary career by the publication, in 1768, of an edition of Leibnitz (G. C. Leibnitii Opera omnia, nunc primùm col lecta, in classis distributa, præfationibus et indicibus exornata, studio Ludovici Dutens: Génève, 1768, 6 vols. 4to.). A copy of this work elegantly bound he presented to Voltaire, who acknowledged the gift in two highly complimentary letters (preserved in Dutensiana, p.97.). In 1776 appeared his Recherches sur l'Origine des Découvertes attri buées aux Modernes : Paris, 2 vols. 8vo., an edition of which in English was simultaneously published in London by Elmsty. This is an elaborate, curious, and instructive work: the abstract of its contents in Hone's Table Book, vol. ii., cannot fail to interest the reader, and direct him to the original. Dutens was residing in Paris about this time, where, without holding the infidel opinions of the Holbachian coterie, he became acquainted with many of its illustrious members. Shortly, without however disturbing his friendly relations |