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Decius commanded, the Roman cavalry was thrown into confusion by the Gallic war chariots, and there the legions already began to give way. Then the consul called to him Marcus Livius the priest, and bade him devote to the infernal gods both the head of the Roman general and the army of the enemy; and plunging into the thickest throng of the Gauls he sought death and found it. This heroic deed of despair in so distinguished a man and so beloved a general was not in vain. The fugitive soldiers rallied, the bravest threw themselves after their leader into the hostile ranks to avenge him, or to die with him; and just at the right moment the consular, Lucius Scipio, despatched by Rullianus, appeared with the Roman reserve on the imperilled left wing.

XV. TRINITY TERM, 1905.

Then I saw in my dream that those shepherds, when Christian was gone down to the bottom of the hill, gave him bread and wine, and, as they bade him farewell, besought him to be of good courage; for though a foe should meet him, the Lord was on his side.

But now in this valley was Christian hard put to it; for he had gone but a little way before he espied a fierce enemy coming over the field to meet him. Then did Christian begin to be afraid, and to cast in his mind whether to go back or to stand his ground. But he considered again that he had no armour for his back, and therefore thought that to turn the back to him might give him greater advantage with ease to pierce him with his darts: therefore he resolved to venture and stand his ground; for, thought he, had I no more in my eye than the saving of my life, it would be the best way to stand.

XVI. SEPTEMBER, 1905.

When news of the death of the king of Scotland was brought to England, the English king sighed, saying: 'Woe is me, for there will never reign in Scotland a king so near to me by birth, or whom I shall favour

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so much, or whose goodwill I shall so eagerly desire: for our friendship would have proved a blessing both to ourselves and to our subjects, had he not followed evil counsel.' When the messenger added that the Scottish Queen had given birth to a daughter, and that the king had left no other heir, he at once began to conjecture that which afterwards came to pass; that the lords of Scotland, because the Queen was a Frenchwoman, would be persuaded to put this young Queen into the hands of the French for her education, rather than in his own, though he was nearer of blood to her than the French king was.

XVII. MICHAELMAS TERM, 1905.

Clitus, forgetting all prudence, sternly rebuked their flattery of Alexander, and did not hesitate to extol more highly the exploits of Philip. He reminded Alexander of his former services, and stretching forth his hand exclaimed, 'It was this hand, Alexander, which saved your life at the battle of the Granicus.' The king, who was heated with wine, was so enraged by these remarks, that he rushed at Clitus with the intention of killing him on the spot, but he was held back by his friends, whilst Clitus was at the same time hurried out of the house. Alexander however was no sooner released than, snatching a spear, he sprang to the door, and meeting Clitus who was returning in equal fury to brave his anger, ran him through the body. But when the deed was done he was seized with remorse. He flung himself on his couch and remained for three whole days overcome by grief, and refusing all food.

XVIII. HILARY TERM, 1906.

Then, when his prey seemed about to slip from his grasp, some of the natives informed him of a route, shorter indeed but waste and waterless. Picking out the strongest and freshest both of horses and men, again he set out in the afternoon, and accomplishing nearly

fifty miles in the course of the night, came suddenly about dawn upon the weary and bewildered fugitives, the majority of whom fled at once on sight of Alexander. Bessos and his friends tried vainly for a while to induce Darius to mount a horse and flee with them; and as he again and again refused, they cast their javelins at their unhappy victim and rode off, leaving him in his chariot mortally wounded. Here, he was presently found and recognized by a Macedonian soldier, and breathed his last before his indefatigable enemy could come up.

XIX. TRINITY TERM, 1906.

Meanwhile the second expedition had crossed the seas. It reached Darien about four months after the first settlers had fled. The new comers had fully expected to find a flourishing town, secure fortifications, and cultivated fields. They found a wilderness. The castle was in ruins, the houses had been burnt; the site of the proud city was overgrown with brushwood and inhabited only by wild beasts. The hearts of the adventurers sank within them, for this fleet had been fitted out not to found a colony but to recruit a colony already founded and supposed to be flourishing. They were therefore worse provided with every necessary of life than their predecessors had been. Some attempts, however, were made to restore what had perished. A new fort was constructed on the old ground, and within the ramparts was built a village consisting of eighty or ninety houses. But the work went on languidly.

XX. SEPTEMBER, 1906.

On his way to the town where Richard was encamped Hugo was met by some nobles who implored him to ask the king's pardon, as Richard was so furious that they feared he might provoke the anger of God by some violent act. Hugo merely desired them to tell the king that he was coming. They hurried away, and he followed at his leisure. When he arrived at the town, he found

1

the king sitting at the door of his castle, with his courtiers standing round him. Hugo advanced calmly and saluted the king. Richard said nothing, looked sternly at him for a moment and turned away his face. 'Kiss 1 me, my lord,' said Hugo. The king averted his face still further. Kiss me, my lord,' said Hugo again; and he caught the king by the clothes and shook him. "Thou hast not deserved it,' answered Richard. I have deserved it,' said Hugo, and shook him more vehemently. Had he shown fear, the king would probably have struck him; but who could resist such audacity? The kiss was given.

1 A kiss: osculum.

UNPREPARED TRANSLATION

Translate :

I. MICHAELMAS TERM, 1904.

Greek.

ON THE VANITY OF HUMAN WISHES.

(α) Ορᾷς δὴ καὶ τῶν ἡμετέρων πολιτῶν-ταῦτα γὰρ οὐκ ἄλλων ἀκηκόαμεν, ἀλλ ̓ αὐτοὶ παρόντες οἴδαμεν ὅσοι στρατηγίας ἐπιθυμήσαντες ἤδη καὶ τυχόντες αὐτῆς οἱ μὲν ἔτι καὶ νῦν φυγάδες τῆσδε τῆς πόλεως εἰσιν, οἱ δὲ τὸν βίον ἐτελεύτησαν· οἱ δὲ ἄριστα δοκοῦντες αὐτῶν πράττειν διὰ πολλῶν κινδύνων ἐλθόντες καὶ φόβων οὐ μόνον ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ στρατηγίᾳ, ἀλλ ̓ ἐπεὶ εἰς τὴν ἑαυτῶν κατῆλθον, ὑπὸ τῶν συκοφαντῶν πολιορκούμενοι πολιορκίαν οὐδὲν ἐλάττω τῆς ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων διετέλεσαν, ὥστε ἐνίους αὐτῶν εὔχεσθαι ἀστρατηγήτους εἶναι μᾶλλον ἢ ἐστρατηγη· κέναι. εἰ μὲν οὖν ἦσαν οἱ κίνδυνοί τε καὶ πόνοι φέροντες εἰς ὠφέλειαν, εἶχεν ἄν τινα λόγον· νῦν δὲ καὶ πολὺ τοὺ ναντίον. εὑρήσεις δὲ καὶ περὶ τέκνων τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον, εὐξαμένους τινὰς ἤδη γενέσθαι καὶ γενομένων εἰς συμφοράς τε καὶ λύπας τὰς μεγίστας καταστάντας. οἱ μὲν γὰρ μοχθηρῶν διὰ τέλους ὄντων τῶν τέκνων ὅλον τὸν βίον λυπούμενοι διήγαγον· τοὺς δὲ χρηστῶν μὲν γενομένων, συμφοραῖς δὲ χρησαμένων ὥστε στερηθῆναι, καὶ τούτους οὐδὲν εἰς ἐλάττονας δυστυχίας καθεστηκότας ἤπερ ἐκείνους καὶ βουλομένους ἂν ἀγένητα μᾶλλον εἶναι ἢ γενέσθαι.

THE AMBITION OF ETEOCLES.

(3) Εἰ πᾶσι ταὐτὸ καλὸν ἔφυ σοφόν θ' ἅμα,
οὐκ ἦν ἂν ἀμφίλεκτος ἀνθρώποις ἔρις
νῦν δ ̓ οὔθ ̓ ὅμοιον οὐδὲν οὔτ ̓ ἴσον βροτοῖς,
πλὴν ὀνομάσαι, τὸ δ ̓ ἔργον οὐκ ἔστιν τόδε.
ἐγὼ γὰρ οὐδέν, μῆτερ, ἀποκρύψας ἐρῶ·
ἄστρων ἂν ἔλθοιμ ̓ ἡλίου πρὸς ἀντολὰς
καὶ γῆς ἔνερθε, δυνατὸς ὢν δρᾶσαι τάδε,
τὴν θεῶν μεγίστην ὥστ ̓ ἔχειν τυραννίδα.

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