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MANY readers will be aware already that there has lately been a great reform in French art-education; but the details of the change, and the previously existing condition of things, are not so generally known. It is intended, in these papers, to give an account of the old system first, and then to describe the new one. The old system has lost little of its interest in consequence of the reform, since nearly every French artist who is now celebrated was educated under it, and it is by no means unlikely that the next generation may return to it. When a boy born in any French town has naturally a powerful artistic organization, there is always a good chance for him to become an educated artist, unless the usual parental objection to the artistic career turns him away from it. If parents commonly object to art as a profession, they do not, however, object to the earliest stage of it as a study or amusement, and in this way an artistic nature gets leave to begin to cultivate itself. Most towns in France have a gratuitous school of design, kept up at the expense of the municipality, and held in a room in the Mairie. In these schools you may draw, at your own choice, either ornamental or mechanical drawing, or figures from engravings after good pictures, or from plaster casts if you are sufficiently advanced. These little schools are open about an hour and a half a day, which indeed is not very much; but as they are chiefly attended by boys and young men who have other occupations, it would be of little use to keep them open longer. The teacher is usually some poor artist who has failed in his profession, and is glad of the fifty or sixty pounds a year that the town gives him for his daily attendance at the school. As the time that he is obliged to |