superfluous. Although Lady Charlotte Clive, in due time Duchess of Northumberland, was well born and well dowered, yet there can be no doubt that for any lady in this land an alliance with the lord of Alnwick Castle would be a signal advancement in life, for no man enjoyed higher titles, more superb residences, or finer estates. He was to be Duke and Earl of Northumberland, Earl and Baron Percy, Baron Lucy, Poynings, Fitzpayne, Bryan, Latimer, and Warkworth. He was to be the owner of Alnwick, Warkworth, and Keilder Castles, in the county of Northumberland, of Werrington park, in Cornwall, and of Sion house, in Middlesex.

He was through his maternal descent, the representative of the old Earls of Northumberland,-of that Manfred, the Dane, who made irruptions into France in the ninth century, and whose posterity, settling in Normandy, took their name from the domain of Percy, in that province. William de Percy, with his brother Serle, accompanied William the Conqueror to England, and obtained from that monarch a grant of 86 manors in Northumberland, and 32 in Lincolnshire, and of course became a baron. The ninth in succession from him was created Lord Percy of Alnwick, and the fourth Lord Percy was, at the coronation of Richard II., advanced to the earldom of Northumberland, with a barony in free transmissible to heirs female as well as male. The eleventh Earl of Northumberland died without male issue in 1670; he had an only daughter, who became his sole heiress, and she succeeded to the baronial honours only. The sixth Duke of Somerset became her husband, and their son, the seventh Duke of Somerset, having been summoned to Parliament as Baron Percy, was created Earl of Northumberland, with remainder, in case he had no male issue, to his son-in-law, Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart., who had married his Grace's daughter, the Lady Elizabeth Seymour, and who in due course succeeded to the earldom on the demise of the Duke in 1750, obtaining in the same year an act of Parliament to allow himself and his Countess to assume the arms and name of Percy. His Lordship was created Duke of Northumberland on the 22d of October, 1766. The Smithsons are an old Yorkshire family, the first baronet of the line receiving his title on the

2d of August, 1660. Hugh, the second Duke, eldest son of the first, married a sister of the Earl of Bute, by whom he had no family, and from whom he was divorced. Secondly, he espoused Frances Julia, third daughter of Peter Burrell, Esq., of Beckenham, in the county of Kent. These were the parents of the noble Duke whose life and character now engage our attention. His twin-sister was the Lady Agnes Percy, who married Colonel Buller, of Penlynt, in Cornwall. On the 10th of July, 1817, the second Duke of the Smithson line died, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. The noble peer just deceased immediately succeeded to the honours and estates, which he lived to enjoy during the long period of 30 years.

means

Of the House of Lords he was by no He a distinguished member. usually voted or gave his proxy to the leader of the Tories for the time being; but he scarcely ever took any part in the business or deliberations of Parliament.

In the year 1825 Charles X. of France was crowned with all the splendour and gaiety which mark every public ceremonial in that country. Upon this memorable occasion the Duke of Northumberland was appointed to represent the Majesty of England. The expenses of that "embassy extraordinary" were wholly defrayed from the Duke's private purse; yet his superb equipages and the magnificent array of his attendants quite outshone the splendour displayed by the Minister of the Czar, or even by the representatives of the Imperial Crown of Austria. But it is said that the Duke could not utter a word of French, to the great horror of the Parisians, who scarcely believed that a man possessed any knowledge whatever, who had neglected to cultivate their own polished dialect. Neither could they be taught to imagine that any subject to the British Crown possessed sufficient wealth to render the expenses of such an embassy a matter of trifling consideration. The amount of his Grace's disbursements on this occasion may be estimated from the fact that Parliament voted a sum of 10,000l. to purchase a diamond-hilted sword as a present to his Grace, in order to mark their high sense of the manner in which he had maintained the dignity of his SoIn the vereign at the French Court. year 1829 the Duke of Northumberland

was selected by the Duke of Wellington to succeed the Marquis of Anglesey in the office of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; the Duke, of course, gave his entire sanction to the Orange party, and was, therefore, viewed with aversion by the Roman Catholics, but he possessed neither the talents nor the energy to make himself thoroughly hated, and so he continued in a quiet sort of way to administer the Government of Ireland, until Lord Grey became First Minister, when the noble Marquis whom he had succeeded in turn replaced him. Although the Government allowance to his Grace, while Viceroy of Ireland was reduced by 7,000l. a year, yet the splendour of the vice-regal court was rather increased than diminished during his admistration.

His Grace had for sometime before his death been labouring under the effects of influenza, but no apprehension was entertained by his friends that the malady would terminate fatally. On Thursday morning, however, one of his attendants entered his sleeping apartment at the usual hour, and receiving no answer to his inquiries, became alarmed and called in others of the domestics, when it was discovered that the Duke was dead. His Grace is succeeded in his title and estates by Lord Prudhoe, who is next brother to the deceased Duke, and who, until the year 1816, was known by the title of Lord Algernor Percy.-London paper.

Calmuck

THE CALMUCK TARTARS. women ride better than the men. A male Calmuck on horseback looks as if he was intoxicated, and likely to fall off every instant, though he never loses his seat; but the women sit with more ease, and ride with extraordinary skill. The ceremony of marriage among the Calmucks is performed on horseback. A girl is first mounted, who rides off at full speed. Her lover pursues; and if he overtakes her, she becomes his wife, returning with him to his tent. But it sometimes happens that the woman does not wish to marry the person by whom she is pursued, in which case she will not suffer him to overtake her; and we were assured that no instance occurs of a Calinuck girl being thus caught, unless she has a partiality for her pursuer.—Dr. Clarke's Travels in Russia, &c.

Happy Families.

The first words of advice to parents, in a newspaper which we opened the other day, were so sensible, and so important, that, although something called off our attention at the moment, and prevented us from reading further, they have since returned to mind, and always with pleasure, they were these:

"Let every member of the family always have something to do."

And this advice we beg leave respectfully to offer to those of our readers, who have the management of the young, whether in the family or in the school, the field, or the workshop, or the store; and to those also who, like ourselves, have it in their power sometimes to suggest occupations to others, to teach, or to show them by example, to employ their time well; or who can give them means or opportunities for performing this great object of life.

"I would be glad to stay with him," said a young man, the other day, in our hearing; "if he would only give me something to do. He wants me to sit still in his store, and answer a question now and then, when anybody comes in. I can't bear to do it. All I want is work, and I should not care how hard." Truly, we were never made to be happy in doing nothing; and a regular occupation has advantages peculiar to itself. Dr. Johnson regretted two things, in his later years: 1st That he had not formed friends among the young, to take the places of his old companions, and 2d, That he had no profession, or regular business, and therefore had been obliged to be continually seeking for something to do. Whoever has experienced the evils of the latter misfortune must have realized, that such a life condemns one daily to double labor; and that the work of finding business is often more painful and laborious than that of doing it. The person who has a regular, set task awaiting him every day, is saved all this part of the trials of life.

In a family, how obvious the advantage of a systematic and appropriate arrangement and distribution of occupations!

Work, study and recreation! How each will be welcomed in its turn; how cheerfully and well will each be performed; and how harmonious and successful will be the operations of every day and hour!

A friend of ours was driven by the misfortunes of a past year, and the decline of health among the rest, to a country residence; and a band of five daughters, with admirable spirit, were soon gracing with their smiles, and cheering with their finest city-songs, a humble farm house, in a retired, but charming rural scene in New Hampshire. The whole routine of country life was studied with interest, the business of the dairy was soon understood by them all, sufficiently to begin to occupy themselves in different operations, in company with hired persons of more experience; and the other branches of business, on which the family were in future to depend for subsistence, were specially entrusted to particular hands. The father and mother, instead of being borne down by their discontent, were hourly cheered by the good humor and affectionate manners of those amiable daughters; and the description given of that remote but happy household, by the father, whose health, condition and prospects were soon much improved, was so animated and gratified, that the few lines in which we have attempted to repeat it, are quite inadequate, we fear, to give our readers any just idea of it.

Unhappily a false taste prevails extensively among us, unfavorable to domestic enjoyments; and we need not be surprised, however we may be shocked, if we see hundreds more of our young women useless and miserable, and thousands of our young men abandoned to ignorance and vice. It is encouraging to observe, that the purer scenes of country life are still, to a considerable degree, kept from fashionable folly and contamination. Thousands of our farmers' families are daily practising the habits of our simple, intelligent and virtuous ancestors; and, so long as we have good and sensible parents remaining, we hope they will adhere to some of the good old rules in their family arrangements, and thus bring up at least a few of our successors like rational beings, for the benefit of themselves and others.

At the last meeting of the Farmer's Club we found some of our old rural associations awakened in a very pleasing manner, by an account of the processes practised at the present day in the manufacture of cheese in the county of Herkimer, the best cheese-making district in this state. On another page we shall

give such an abstract of this description as we were able to write down from the lips of Mr. Wakeman, the gentleman who obligingly presented his valuable facts to the Society.

Woman's Kindness.

F. Grummet, member of Parliament, relates the following incident which occurred while he was passing through a small village near Rochefort, (France), as a prisoner under a military escort:

"I had obtained a fresh supply of canvass for my feet, which were much blistered, and extremely sore; but this was soon worn out, and I suffered dreadfully. About noon we halted in the market place of a small town, bearing every mark of antiquity-I think it was Melle

-to rest and refresh. To escape the sun, I took my seat on an old tea chest, standing in front of a huckster's shop, and removed my tattered moccasins. While doing this, an elderly lady came out of the shop, accompanied by a young girl very prettily dressed; and "Pauvre garcon !" "Pauvre prisonier!"—were uttered by both. The girl with tears in her eyes, looked at my lacerated feet, and then without saying a word, returned to the house. In a few minutes she reappeared; but her finery had been taken off, and she carried a large bowl of warm water in her hands.

In a moment the bowl was placed before me; she motioned me to put in my feet, which I did, and down she went upon her knees, and washed them in the most tender manner. Oh! what a luxury was that half hour! the elder female brought me food, while the younger, having performed her office, wrapped up my feet in soft linen, and then fitted on a pair of her mother's shoes.

"Hail, woman, hail! last formed in Eden's bowers,

'Mid humming streams, and fragrance-breathing flowers,

Thou art, 'mid light and gloom, through good and ill!

Creation's glory-man's chief blessing still.

*

During the process above mentioned, numbers had collected round, and stood silently witnessing so angelic an act of charity. "Eulalie" heeded them not; but when her task was finished, she raised her head and a sweet smile of gratified pleasure beamed on her face.-SEL.

We have endeavored, in our descriptions of the operations of the Thames Tunnel in former numbers, to give our readers distinct ideas of the truly ingenious expedients applied by scientific and persevering men, to the numerous obstacles which were to be encountered in the subterranean enterprise. To persons accustomed to the application of machinery, or familiar with the curious inventions of art, such explanations may be in a degree superfluous: but we are confident, that the majority of our readers will think it rather an advantage to have the subject presented somewhat in detail, and in detached portions, rather than with extreme brevity, and the use of technical terms not altogether intelligible to them.

In a former paper we presented a side view of one of the frames, or sections of the Shield. Here we have to invite the reader's attention to the same object, though on a diminished scale, accompanied with a view of a part of the gallery adjoining, the better to exhibit the way in which the workmen carried on their various tasks by its aid. Two miners are seen excavating, in the two upper divisions of the frame, on the right; while a bricklayer is busy in extending the vaulted roof. An overseer stands in a gateway between the galleries, directing the

laborers, two of whom are rolling in materials to be used in the construction of the walls. At the same time the use of the movable stage may be clearly understood at a glance, where one man is raising a barrel of lime by a windlass and crane, and another mixing cement.

Now when we recollect that there were twelve such frames as this in the shield, and what a number of men were employed in them, with the assistants who attended on them, we must be struck with the amount of labor daily devoted to this great enterprise.

No wonder then that the progress was rapid when no extraordinary obstacle was presented. The men with pickaxes are the miners or diggers. The others, with trowels, are bricklayers. Unhappily it was not long that they were able to proceed without interruption.

On the 18th of May, 1827, when the tunnel had been excavated and constructed 400 feet beneath the bed of the river, the ground overhead being loose, and unable to sustain the weight, it burst through, in spite of the resistance presented by the shield, and soon flooded the two galleries.

Bags of clay were carried out and sunk in the river at the place where the bed had been broken through.

A short time ago we gave a print of the Turkey, copied from an English work on Natural History, but with the remark that, it was not a correct portrait of the bird as we see him in this country, especially in his native wild state. We know not the original of that drawing with certainty, but presume it owes its defects to the ignorance or carelessness of some artist, in designing or copying. These have given rise to many false pictures of animals, which have had effects in several ways. The person who has seen a print or a painting of the kind, is first injured by getting false ideas of the object, which are often lasting. If he afterwards has his views corrected, he learns a lesson which renders him suspicious in future, so that he is less inclined to trust the representations of other pic

tures.

Accomplished students of natural history had loudly protested, in our presence, against re-copying, and thus perpetuating, the ignorant drawings of beasts, birds, fish, reptiles and insects, which are so numerous and familiar. The evil is continued by the indifference felt by editors and publishers of encyclopædias and certain other works, which too generally prevents them from procuring

TURKEY

correct drawings. The evil, however, is also justly chargeable to the public, who are too ignorant to regard the subject inits real importance.

Our present figure of the turkey may be relied upon as correct. It possesses much of what artists call the point,' that lively resemblance which marks the individual or species with its own spirit. The turkey has one peculiarity, by which alone it might be recognised: that is, a tuft or tassel of coarse, straight, black hair, resembling that on a horse's main, growing from the breast and hanging down several inches. The use of this appendage it seems impossible to conjecture with any plausibility. The same may be said of the long fleshy pendent, which grows from the front of the head, or root of the upper bill, of the male bird, and lying upon the latter, hangs down from it, sometimes on one side and sometimes on the other. Almost the whole extent of our country, even the parts now most populous, were formerly haunts of this fine and valuable fowl. They naturally lead a migrating life, changing their places of abode with the season in search of different kinds of food. But, being unable to fly far, they are compelled to travel on foot, and pur