Katahden Iron Works. "Immediately on my arrival here last evening about 7 o'clock, I presented my letter of introduction to J. L. Hayes, Esq., the gentlemanly agent, who on learning that I must necessarily leave in the morning's stage, conducted me uirectly to the ore bed on the side of hill, half a mile distant from the Hotel

These works are situated in Township No. 6, 9th range, and are owned by a Corporation consisting principally of David Pingree, Esq. of Salem, Mass, and Messrs. Alexander and Charles Ladd and John L. Hayes of Portsmouth, N. H. The present company succeeded about two years since Edward Smith of Bangor, who first broke into the forest at this place, and commenced operations on a small scale.

vegeta

The cre is of the kind called " ble" or "bog ore," and is formed by deposite which are left on the sides of the bill by the water flowing from the crevices of the slate rock, of which it is comrosed, intermixed with iron pyrites. The extent of surface is known to be great and the thickness from six inches to 6 feet, forming a crust over the original soil.-This is easily removed by the pick-axe and shovel, and is thrown into large heaps intermixed with charcoal and wood, which when ignited give it a thorough "roasting," the process occupying three days; it is then fit for the furnace, by which it is converted into pigs for the market.

The iron ore as it is dug from the surface of the ground on the side of the hill, is made up to a considerable extent of roots, leaves, branches of trees and such substances as might be expected to be found on the surface of the ground in a forest; the iron which flows among these, displaces the wood itself, but leaves the form precisely as it was in the original state. For example, I brought with me branches of birch, and the thick bark of the white pine, exhibiting the same appearance that they wore originally, yet the material was iron, affording fifty per cent of pure metal, and no wood about it.

The soil and the face of the country in this section appear favorable for agricul ture, and I doubt not the time is not remote when well cultivated farms will be seen here. At present it is the policy of the proprietors of these works, to exclude

The furnace is on a branch of Pleasant river, about half a mile from the deposit of ore, and affording a good water power for the various purposes required by such an establishment. About six tons of pigs are turned out daily, and the amount may be increased to an indefinite extent. The Corporation being in possession of a whole township of forest, charcoal is furnished in desirable quantities at $4 per hundred bushels, which is now performed on contract by Mr. Moses Greenleaf, the son of the map maker of the State, to whom I have alluded before. About 1500 bushels of coal are used daily, which are burnt in kilns of bricks made in half globular form, in which about 350 bushels are made at a time, occupying from 3 1-2 to 4 days.

The furnace itself is on an extensive scale, and with all the buildings and fixtures about the establishment is constructed in the most thorough and durable

manner.

A large Hotel has been provided by the proprietors, capable of lodging 60 to 80 persons; besides teams frequently stop here over night, it being on one of the grand routes from Bangor to the timber region. This hotel is very well kept by Messrs. Perry and Morrell, formerly of Bangor.

This is the first attempt that I am aware of for making iron from the ore in Maine, but I understand that there are other and greater deposits of iron in several secrions of the State, and the time is not distant when Maine will not only make her own iron, but will be able to export large quantities.

It is confidently expected that navigation for boats by the way of the Penobscot and the Piscataquis will be brought here within a brief period, which will enable the proprietors of this establishment to get their iron to tide water at a much reduced rate-the mode at present is by teams, and the cost is $6 per ton.--Exp.

Set bounds to your zeal by discretion, to error by truth, to passion by reason, to division by charity

Either say nothing of the absent, or speak like a friend.-SEL

SCIENTIFIC.

Exhibition of the Fine Arts in London, this year.

The first association which opened its doors on the 1st of April, was the Society of British Artists.' The number of pictures is somewhat upwards of 700, and the names of the principal artists are as follows: J. Wilson, T. Clater, W. Salter, Jr., W. Allen, J B. Pyne, J. J. Hill, A. J. Woolmer, T. F. Herring, H. J. Boddington, J. Holland, F Y. Hurlstone, C. Baxter, E. Hassel, H. Anthony, A. Clint, W. L. Winders, W. Kidd, T. Ě. Dicksee, E. Latilia, J. Tennant, E. J. Cobbett, G. Cole, C. Jos. H. Lancaster, T. Clayton, E. W. Hopely, W. Parrott, J. D. Smith, R. Watson, R. J. Hamerton, G. H. Hicks. Very few of the above artists are such as the critics of Boston or New York would call great; not one of them can produce a portrait equal to Puge, nor a figurepiece comparable to Mount.

The exhibition of the New Society of Painters in Water Colors' was opened to the public on the 18th of April. The number of works is 325, and in point of merit do not compare favorably with the display of last year. The gentlemen who lately became so suddenly notorious in the watery department of the art, seem to have retired from the field and left it crowded with imitations. Oil pictures, after all are about the only ones that afford one solid satisfaction.

The opening of the Royal Academy, which has just taken place, is considered the greatest event in the annual history of the fine arts in this city, and the present display is thought to be the best which has occurred for many years. The entire number of works exhibited amount to 1400, of which one-third are portraits. Mr. Leslie, the American, exhibited two subjects from the Scriptures, "Martha and Mary" and "The Pharisee and the Publican." This gentlemen we believe, has never before publicly exhibited compositions of this class. Mr. Webster had a picture of the "Village Choir" full of broad as well as delicate humour. The subject is taken from the 'Sketch Book,' and represents Simon breaking into the country bumpkins to sing, in parts. One of the most attractive works in the present collection is decidedly Mr. Etty's History of Joan of Arc." It is divided into three compartments. In the first,

the heroine is seen finding the sword she dreamt of; in the second she is represented heading a sortie from Orleans; and in the third her death is represented. This picture is full of the richest colouring, and distinguished by great freedom of handling, but it wants the finish and careful drawing which mark the earlier works of the artist. We understand that it has been purchased for 2500 guineas. Mr. Mulready has a picture from the Vicar of Wakefield. Maclise has some compositions illustrative of portions of Moore's Irish Melodies; and also a more important work, representing "Noah's Sacrifice after the subsidence of the Flood." Turner exhibits his average number of intelligible compositions.

Edwin Landseer's picture of" Van Amburgh with his animals," is one of his cleverest productions.-It has been painted for the Duke of Wellington. Frieh has "An English Merrymaking, 100 years ago," and also a scene from the Spectator," of the highest merit. It represents the humorous incident of Sir Roger de Coverley and his portrait. E. M. Ward, one of the newly elected associates, has a clever picture, called "The South Sea Bubble-scene in "Changealley in 1720;" and Count D'Orsay, a portrait of the late Viscount Canterbury, one of his best. The exhibition also contains Delaroche's picture of "Napoleon at Fontainbleau ;" also a clever painting of an Old English Dance, by Goodal, has been purchased for £500, and some magnificent views by Roberts. In the Sculpture-room among the most__important works are some figures and busts by Marshall, Bailly's statue of the late Sir N. Tindal, several fine busts by Behnes and Weeks, and a figure of Virginius denouncing Appius Claudius after killing his daughter, by M'Dowall, which is remarkable for the truth and strength of the expression.

By letters and papers from Dublin I learn that an exhibition of the best pictures in Ireland, has been opened for the benefit of the people of that unhappy country.

A portrait of Charles I. is now on exhibition in London, which purports to be by the Spanish painter Velasquez. It is a fine picture, but the Art-Union critics deny its originality. Without that great name it would probably bring 200 guineas, but with it perhaps 2000 guineas.-SEL.

AGRICULTURAL.

ON BURYING MANURES DEEP.-I have a few acres of green sward to turn over this spring, and wish to add to the same a quantity of green manure. Shall said manure be placed at the top or bottom of the furrow slice, to turn to the most profitable account? Having, sir, asked. a very important question to myself and to the public, I proceed, in answer to one of your correspondents of last week, to give my experience in the use of salt in the potato hill. In 1846, I planted two acres of potatoes, one half of the same I salted in the hill. In some hills I put a very small quantity of salt, say a teaspoonful; in others twice, three, four and five times that quantity. I marked said hills and rows, that I could discover the difference, if any, at different times during their growth and at digging time. But at no one time during the season could I ever discover the least difference in the growth, quantity or quality of the potatoes. Some few of the potatoes I found, on digging, in a decayed state; but no more in one hill than another, through the whole field, whether salted more or less, or not salted at all.

Have

than it sends forth into it. Who knows why it is that the excrements of animals are beneficial to the soil, applied in any form --Ploughman.

SUBSTITUTE FOR THE POTATO.-Among the various substitutes which have heen suggested in lieu of the potato, the Jerusalem artichoke (Helanthus tuberosus) seems to have been less prominently put forward than its numerous merits justify It is a fact well known to those who have attended to the cultivation of this vegetable, that it will flourish in a very poor soil. M. Liebig, in a work entitled 'Chemistry, in its application to Agriculture and Physiology," in speaking of the Helianthus tuberosus, makes the following observation: "Farmers are well aware that they can be cultivated, without rotation, on the same soil, particularly when the herbs and straw or the ashes, are returned to the soil after reaping of the crop.

This vegetable is more hardy than the potato, and does not sustain any injury from the most intense frost. Its large leaves and stalks induce the supposition that it draws most of its nourishment from the atmosphere. According to Dr. Darwin, its seeds will not ripen in Great Britain, but it may be advantageously propagated like the potato. It can be eaten boiled or baked, and is either way a most excellent and nutritious article of food, and before the potato was known; it was held in high estimation. Thirty sets were planted last spring in common garden mould, on a space of twenty square yards; between the rows, cabbages were grown, and succeeded remarkably well; the produce of these thirty sets taken up this spring, in a state of perfect preservation, amounted to upwards of three bushels, heaped measure. An acre yielding in the same ratio, would produce upwards of 726 bushels.

Among the many advantages arising from the cultivation of this vegetable, Loudon remarks the following: "Planted in rows from east to west, the upright herb of the plant affords a salutary shade to such culinary vegetables as require it in the midsummer months, as lettuce, turnips, strawberries, &c." Its power of resisting the frost is equalled by the success with which it withstands the drought-two qualities alike useful in a Canadian climate.-Canada Paper.

POETRY.

The Needle.

What hast thou seen with thy shining eye,
Thou Needle, so subtle and keen?—
"I have been in Paradise, stainless and fair,
And fitted the apron of fig-leaves there,
To the form of its fallen queen.

The mantles and wimples, the hoods and veils,

That the belles of Judah wore,

When their haughty mien, and their glance of fire

Enkindled the eloquent prophet's ire,

I helped to fashion of yore.

The beaded belt of the Indian maid

I have deck'd with as true a zeal

As the gorgeous ruff of the knight of old,
Or the monarch's mantle of purple and gold,
Or the satrap's broid'd heel.

I have lent to beauty new power to reign,
At bridal, and courtly hall,

Or, wedded to fashion, have help'd to bind Those gossamer links, that the strongest mind

Have sometimes held in thrall.

I have drawn a drop, so round and red,
From the finger small and white,

Of the startled child, as she strove with care
Her doll to deck with some gewgaw rare,
But wept at my puncture bright.

I have gaxed on the mother's patient brow,
As my utmost speed she plied,
To shield from winter her children dear,
And the knell of midnight smote her ear,
While they slumber'd at her side.

I have heard in the hut of the pining poor,
The shivering inmate's sigh,

When faded the warmth of her last, faint brand,

As slow, from her cold and clammy hand,

She let me drop-to die!"

[Mrs. L. H. Sigourney.

Washington.

When General Washington was young.
About as large as I,

He never would permit his tongue

To tell a willful lie.

Once when he cut his father's tree,
He owned it to his face,
And then his father ardently
Clasped him in his embrace.

He told his son it pleased him more,
For him to own the truth,
Than if his tree was bending o'er
With gold and silver fruit.
Then like this brave and noble boy
Whose virtues brightly shone,
If my father's tree destroy
The truth I'll surely own.

[Stu. and Young Tutor.

ENIGMA-No. 47.

(For the Young Student of Mineralogy.)

I am composed of 31 letters.

My 25, 12, 6, 28, is a metal of great use. My 27, 20, 15, 2, 11, 12, 29, 8, is a variety of Feldspar.

My 10, 22, 8, 9, is one of the most common minerals.

My 20, 4, 27, 31, 14, 28, 20, is a precious

stone.

My 13, 31, 21, 12, 11, 3, 20, is another precious stone.

My 23, 9, 2, 28, 26, is a mineral of the Quartz species.

My 31, 17, 30, 28, 24, 8, 2, 28. 31, 13, 27, 3, is a species of Asbestos.

My 6, 18, 29, 20, 13, 17, 23, 26, 4, 28, is a species of useful metal.

My 1, 27, 3, 24, is a mineral often eaten. My 14, 6, 3, 25, 26, 13, is a species of Limestone.

My 19, 20, 6, 10, 12, 8, 16, 21, is a massive or crystaline variety of Quartz.

My 30, 12, 8, 28, 4, 30, 31, is a rare dark grey metal.

My 16, 24, 12, 14, 28, 26, 26, 28, 28, is a white earthy mineral.

My 5, 21, 3, 21, 1, 24, 4, 28, 13, is a species of the above.

My 13, 30, 5, 3, 27, 1, 13, is a brittle light green mineral.

My 11, 18, 2, 28, 4, 24, 13, is a rare crystaline mineral.

My 26, 12, 21, 31, 22, 9, 19, 24, 21, is a mineral of a silky lustre.

My 26, 11, 3, 5, is an unctuous earthy mineral. My whole is a species of one of the Native Metals. MARTIN F. TUTUILER, JR.

Solution of Enigma, No. 46, p. 560.-Forrest, Foersh, Jussieu, Josephine, Heister, Peter. Tippoo, Pope, Johnson, Pitt, Foote, Spenser, Jefferson, Hooper, Arne, Sue, Stone, Poe, Turenne, Prrter, Hood, John, Pius, De, Thou, Prior, Fust.-Joseph Pitton De Tournefort. M. F. T.

3- OUR NEW EDITION.-The bound Vols. i. and ii. of Dwight's Am. Magazine. (in muslin or half-sheep), are delivered to purchasers in Boston. Providence, Hartford, Philadelphia and other northern cities, "free of freight," at the N. York price. Enclose to the Editor $5, and vols. i. and ii. will be brought to the door. 5 sets for $20. $7 will pay for them, and also the current Vol. iii., in monthly pamphlets. The remaining numbers of the latter will be sent by mail, at a small postage.

DWIGHT'S AMERICAN MAGAZINE. AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER; Edited by Theodore Dwight,

Is published weekly, at the office of the New York Express, No. 112 Broadway, at 4 cents a number, or, to subscribers paying in advance, $2 a year. 7 sets for $10. Monthly, in covered pamphlets, at same price. Postmasters are authorized to remit money, and are requested to act as agents.

Enclose a Two Dollar Bill, without payment of postage, and the work will be sent for the year.

Vols. I. and II., half-bound, or in puuslin, $2.50 each

Whoever has witnessed a scene of this kind can hardly have failed to be effected by it; and it is still more natural for one who has been in any marner an actor on such an occasion, long to retain deep impressions of it. Perhaps we may, ourselves, imagine the scene more likely to strike our readers than it is for it is natural to look for in others, what is felt by one's self.

Imprisonment has strong effects upon the mind, and usually upon the body also. A person may easily form some idea of what his feelings would be, if placed in a confined apartment and kept there against his will, even for a short time: but it would be very difficult to imagine the various states of mind which he might pass through in the course of a long incarceration. These, of course, would be greatly influenced by his circumstances, the causes or authors of his sufferings, the fears or hopes of the future, and the recollections of past scenes,

mourning friends, &c. Books have been published, both true and fictitious, with details of prison-scenes; and those who, like ourselves, have been acquainted with many released prisoners, must have heard particulars of an affecting nature.

Experience, we believe, has proved, that a state of close confinement is in itself very unfavorable to the reformation of the vicious, although in our penitentiaries there are many inmates who could not be reformed if allowed to go at large. There are happily moral means often faithfully applied with great effect, under the improved system of discipline, with the most gratifying success.

Imprisonment has been relied upon, in a thousand instances, to produce effects which it is not adapted to produce. The inquisition, with its horrid array of torments for the mind as well as for the body, ran through a course of the most shocking experiments for many ages; and, even in Protestant countries, long