being reckoned as equivalent to Easter and Trinity Terms at Oxford. (5) Bachelors and Doctors of Divinity are further required, before presentation to the Vice-Chancellor, to make and subscribe the Declaration of Assent to the Thirty-nine Articles and the Book of Common Prayer which is prescribed for graduates in Divinity in ordinary course at Oxford. The standing of graduates incorporated, above the degree of Bachelor of Arts, is counted from the day of their incorporation. The fees which are payable to the University on the occasion of incorporation are mentioned on p. 230. II. OF EXAMINATIONS FOR DEGREES. § 1. Examinations for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts. The University does not lay down a uniform course for all candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, but allows a large amount of choice in regard both to the subjects, the time, and the order of the several Examinations. There are altogether twelve Examinations in Arts1: but it is not required that every candidate for the degree of B.A. should pass all of these. In ordinary cases, four suffice for the purpose of obtaining a degree. (1) Responsions are obligatory upon all, except those who have either (a) passed the Previous Examination at Cambridge, or (b) satisfied the Oxford and Cambridge Schools' Examiners in Latin, Greek, and Elementary Mathematics (p. 213), or (c) obtained a special certificate at the examination of Senior Candidates in the Oxford Local Examinations (p. 216), or (d) resided for three years and obtained Honours in the Final Examination at an Affiliated College (see p. 224), or (e) have been placed in the List of Selected Candidates for the Civil Service of India (see p. 222). They may be passed either before or after matriculation. (2) The First Public Examination is obligatory upon all (except those who have passed the General Examination at Cambridge, and have been incorporated at Oxford), but a 1 The Papers and Questions set at all the Examinations in Arts are published at the Clarendon Press Depository, 116 High Street, Oxford. student has the choice of entering his name either as an ordinary candidate or as a candidate for Classical Honours. There is also an Examination for Honours in Mathematics, which is altogether optional, and which does not count as one of the Examinations which are necessary for a degree. (3) The Second Public Examination consists of two parts. (a) The Examination in the Rudiments of Faith and Religion, or in the matter substituted therefor, is uniformly obligatory upon all. (b) The other part of the Examination is subdivided into seven Schools, of which, though a student may combine as many as he pleases, no student is required to pass more than one. These Schools are (a) the Pass School, (b) the Honour School of Literæ Humaniores, (c) the Honour School of Mathematics, (d) the Honour School of Natural Science, (e) the Honour School of Jurisprudence, (ƒ) the Honour School of Modern History, (g) the Honour School of Theology. The conditions under which candidates are eligible for, and under which certificates are given or Honours awarded in the several Examinations, are mentioned below: the other conditions which are required for the degree of Bachelor of Arts are mentioned above (p. 121). 1. RESPONSIONS. 1. TIME.-This Examination is held four times a year: it begins (a) on a day between September 20 and October 5, to be fixed from year to year by the Vice-Chancellor (this Examination is specially known as the 'Examination in lieu of Responsions'), (b) in Michaelmas Term on Friday in the eighth week of full Term, (c) in Hilary Term on Friday in the eighth week of full Term, (d) in Trinity Term on the Friday before Commemoration. 2. CANDIDATES.-Candidates for this Examination are of two classes, those who are, and those who are not yet, members of the University. The names of both classes of candidates have to be given in to the Junior Proctor, at an hour and place fixed by him, not less than six clear days before the beginning of the Examination: and both classes of candidates are required (1) To pay a fee of £2. (2) To state in writing, on a form provided for the purpose, (a) the particular Greek and Latin books which they offer, A candidate born in India of parents born in India may offer one Oriental language, either Sanskrit or Arabic, in place of either Greek or Latin; * (b) whether they offer Euclid or Algebra. Those candidates who are already members of the University may give in their names to the Proctor personally, and are required to exhibit the certificate which they received from the Vice-Chancellor at the time of their matriculation (or an official copy of it duly attested by the Registrar). Those candidates who are not yet members of the University can only give in their names to the Proctor through the Head or Tutor of a College or Hall, or the Censor of Non-Collegiate Students, who must at the same time transmit to the Proctor a certificate that in his opinion the Candidate bona fide desires admission at such College or Hall or as a Non-Collegiate Student. The names of all Candidates who have thus given in their names are printed in a list which is affixed to certain public places within the University, and published in the University Gazette. 3. SUBJECTS.-There are five separate subjects of examination, in each of which a Candidate must satisfy the Examiners. The principle of compensation between different subjects is not recognised: failure in any one subject exposes a Candidate to rejection. The amounts of the several subjects which are required, under the existing regulations of the Board of Studies, are as follows: (1) Algebra. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Greatest Common Measure, Least Common Multiple, Fractions, Extraction of Square Root, Simple Equations containing one or two unknown quantities, and problems producing such equations. Or, Geometry. Euclid's Elements, Books I, II. (2) Arithmetic; the whole. [A Candidate is expected to be able to do correctly sums in Vulgar and Decimal Fractions, Practice, Proportion and its applications, Interest (simple and compound), Square Measure, and Square Root: Hensley's Scholar's Arithmetic will be found a convenient manual.] (3) Greek and Latin Grammar. [A Candidate is expected to possess the kind of knowledge which is involved in the parsing of a regular grammatical sentence, i. e. to decline substantives, adjectives, and pronouns: to conjugate verbs: and to understand the elementary rules of Syntax.] (4) Translation from English into Latin prose. [A short passage of easy English narrative is usually chosen, and a Candidate is expected to render it into Latin without violating any of the simpler rules of Latin Syntax. It is sufficient if the Latin be grammatically correct, without being elegant in style. A student who has not been accustomed to write Latin should, in preparing for this Examination, imitate Cæsar rather than Livy or Tacitus. A convenient collection of passages representing the average standard of both this and the First Public Examination is Sargent's Easy Passages for Translation into Latin Prose.] (5) One Greek Author: and one Latin Author. A Candidate is free to offer any standard Classical authors, but the selection is usually made from the following list, the required amount of each book in which is specified by the Board of Studies. Candidates who wish to offer other books are required to communicate with the Chairman of the Board of Studies fourteen days before the names are received by the Proctor: Homer: any five consecutive books. Eschylus any two plays. Sophocles; any two plays. Euripides: any two plays of at least 2400 lines in the aggregate. Herodotus: any two consecutive books. Thucydides: any two consecutive books. Xenophon: Anabasis, any four consecutive books; or Hellenics, any three consecutive books; or Memorabilia, any three books. Demosthenes: Philippics and Olynthiacs; or, De Corona; or Contra Midiam. Eschines: In Ctesiphontem. Virgil: (1) the Bucolics, with any three consecutive books of the Eneid; or (2) the Georgics; or (3) any five consecutive books of the Æneid. Horace: (1) any three books of the Odes (counting the Epodes as a book of the Odes), together with either a book of the Satires, or a book of the Epistles, or the Ars Poetica; or (2) the Satires, with the Ars Poetica; or (3) the Epistles with the Ars Poetica. Juvenal: the whole, except Satires II, VI, IX. Plautus: any three plays. Livy any two complete consecutive books. Cæsar: De Bello Gallico, any four consecutive books. Cicero: (1) the first three Philippics; or (2) de Senectute and de Tacitus: any two complete consecutive books of (1) either the Annals (2) or the Histories; (3) the Germania and Agricola with one complete book of the Annals or of the Histories. A candidate who is permitted to offer either Sanskrit or Arabic (p. 130), and who offers any of the following books and authors, is required, until further notice, to offer the following amounts of the several books or authors: (1) Sanskrit. Hitopadesa: Books I, II, III, with Introduction. Nala: the whole, with any one of the four Books of the Hitopadesa. Raghu-vansa: I-VII. Kumāra-sambhava: I-VII, Bhagavad-gita: the whole. Bhaṭṭi-kavya: I-V, with the commentary of Jaya-mangala. (2) Arabic. (1) Kur'an: Sur. 1, 19, 90-114, with the commentary of al-Baidawi (ed Fleischer) on Sur. 19. (2) The Mu'allakāt: any two of the poems with the commentary (ed. Arnold). (3) Al-Hariri: any three Makāmas with commentary. (4) El-Fakhri (ed. Ahlwardt), pp. 1-175, or 176-390. (5) [El-Beladhori]: Anonyme Arabische Chronik (ed. Ahlwardt, Bd. xi, ed. 1883), pp. 161-359. (6) The portion of the Ikhwanu-ş-Safă edited by Dieterici, under the title Thier und Mensch. 2nd ed., Leipzig, 1881. Every Candidate will be examined in the Sanskrit or Arabic book or author which he offers in such manner as to test especially his knowledge of the grammar of the language. Candidates who do not offer Latin are required to translate an easy passage of English into the language which they offer. Tutors of Candidates who are desirous of offering books or authors not contained in the above list are desired to communicate with the Chairman of the Board of Studies for Responsions (the Provost of Queen's) as early as possible. 4. ORDER OF THE EXAMINATION.-The order of the Examina |