HAECKEL, Continued.

on the gastrula-stage, 111, 112.

on the history of the tribe as portrayed in history of the
individual, 115.

on human egg, 177.

on Lamarck, 228.

on Linnæus, 5.

on variation among the chalk-sponges, 22.

Heliconidæ, 84, 85.

Henslow, Prof. George, on origin of floral structures, 99, 100.
Hipparion, 148.

History, testimony of, to antiquity of man, 192, 193.

Hog, variation of, under domestication, 37.

Hooker, Sir J. D', on introduction of species into New Zea-

land, 74.

Horses, fossil, 146-149.

Hottentots, hereditary far-sight in, 43.

Huxley, Prof. T. H., on brains of men and apes, 182.

on feet and hands of men and apes, 181.

on physical resemblances of men and apes, 180.

on proofs of evolution, 28.

Hyatt, Prof. Alpheus, on pedigree of Steinheim snails, 25, 26.
on evolution of Arietidæ, 150-155.

on law of acceleration and retardation, 47, 48.

Hybridization of plants, 50, 51.

IDIOTS, ape-like characters of, 186.

Implements, palæolithic, from St. Acheul, 199.
from Trenton, N. J., 203-210.

Infant, human, ape-like character of, 178.
Inheritance of acquired characteristics, 32-40, 48.
Insects, effect of food on changes of, 39.

number of species of, 1, 2.

KRAUSE, Ernest, on Erasmus Darwin, 225.

LAMARCK, Jean, on origin of species, 227, 228.
Leaf-insect, 80, 81.

Lichtenstein on Bushmen, 190, 191.

Life, beginnings of, on globe, 7.

eras of, 124-129.

earliest forms of, unknown, 126.

progress of, 126-129.

Light, changes produced by, 40.

Lingulella, a long-lived type, 11.

Links between forms of life, 149, 155, 156.

Linnæus's view of creation, 5.

Locust checked by parasites, 63.

leaf-like, 82.

Lubbock, Sir John, on flowers attractive to bees and wasps, 92.

on intelligence of ants, 185.

MADAGASCAR, fauna of, 72, 167–169.

flora of, 72.

Madeira, fauna and flora of, 72.
Mammalian age, life of, 129.
Mammoth period, 195.

Man, age of, life of, 201-203.

first appearance of, 213.

as a mammal, Cope on, 175, 176.

mental and moral characters of lowest existing races of,
189-192.

physical imperfections of, 187-189.

prehistoric in N. A., 203-213.

prehistoric, races of, in Europe, 214.

prehistoric, range of, 213, 214.

primitive, Grant Allen, on, 218, 220.

primitive, Sir C. Lyell on, 220.

river-drift, Dawkins on, 201-203.
zoological relations of, 175-186.

Mantis, pink, 84.

Maple genus, 3.

Marsh, Professor O. C., discoverer of toothed birds, 137, 138.

on fossil horses, 148, 149.

Mauchamp merino, 16.

McGee, W. J., on Delaware Bay at close of glacial period,

206-212.

Mediterranean Sea, effect of, on oysters, 40.

Melanism, 54.

Merino, Mauchamp, 16.

Mesohippus, 148.

Metz, Dr., discoverer of palæolithic implements, 212.
Milton on creation, 6.

Mimicry among butterflies, 84, 85.

among plants, 87, 88.

among snakes, 86.

Mind, origin of, 176.

Mivart, St. George, views of, on evolution, 235.

Molars, human, comparative size of, 36, 37.

Mombas, cats of, 34, 35.

Monera, 103-105.

Mongols of N. Asia, hereditary far-sight in, 43.

Monstrosities, from persistence of embryonic structures, 120.

Morse, Prof. E. S., on nature of brachiopoda, 135.

Mulberry stage of embryo, 111.

Murphy, J. J., on origin of new species, 12.

NATURAL selection, definition of, 66, 67.

Dr. Asa Gray on, 69.

Neanderthal skull, 216, 217.
Neo-Lamarckian school, 48.

New South Wales, rabbits in, 73, 74.

New Zealand, extension of species in, 72.

introduction of species into, 74, 75.

Niagara River, time required to excavate channel of, 195, 196.
Nicholson, Professor H. A., on palæontology and evolution,
240.

Norway rat, spread of, 61, 62.

OAKS, variation among, 10.

Onoclea sensibilis, variety of, 18.

Organs, rudimentary and aborted, 116-121.

Origin of species, early ideas on, 4-7, 224–228.
Orohippus, 147.

Orton, Professor James, on structure of egg, 109, 110.

Owen, Professor Richard, on resemblances of men and apes,
183.

Oysters, effect of transplanting, 39, 40.

PAINT-ROOT, effect of, on pigs, 56.

Palæolithic implements from St. Acheul, 199, 200.

from Trenton, N. J., 203-208.

Palæontology, testimony of, to evolution, 28.

Paraguay, flies of, 64.

Pastrana, Julia, 55.

Peacock, black-shouldered, 52, 53.

Perthes, Boucher de, discoveries of, 199, 200.

Phasma, 82.

Pigeons, descent of, 15.

variations in, 15.

Plants, earliest, 126.

flowering, number of, 1.

hybridization of, 14, 15.

imperfections in geological, record of, 141.

variations among, 13, 14, 18, 19.

Pliohippus, 148.

Pollen, transportation of, 93–96.

Porto Santo, rabbits of, 60, 61.

Primitive man, Grant Allen on, 218-220.

Progress of life, 126-129.

Protamoba, 104, 105.

Protective resemblances, 79-84.

Protomyxa, 106-108.

QUATERNARY age, characteristics of, 194, 195, 206.

RABBITS in New South Wales, 73, 74.

Porto Santo, 60, 61.

Rat, Norway, spread of, 61, 62.

Record, geological, imperfection of, 156, 157.

Regions, zoological, Wallace on, 162.

Reptilian age, life of, 128, 129.

Resemblances, protective, 79–84.

Rhizopoda, 132, 133.

Romanes, George J., on selfishness of the organic world, 238,239.
Rudimentary organs, 116, 121.

Rutimeyer, on gar-pikes, 138.

ST. ANTHONY, Falls of, Winchell on, 196.

St. Acheul, discoveries at, 199, 200.

St. Helena, extinction of species in, 72.

Salamander, 44, 45, 46.

Salvia, fertilization of, 94, 95.

Sandwich Islands, fauna and flora of, 169, 170.
Schaffhausen, Prof., on Neanderthal skull, 216.
Scale-insect, 185.

Schmankiewitsch, on brine-shrimps, 32-34.

Schmidt, Prof. Oscar, on belief of zoölogists in doctrine of

descent, 237.

Sea-lizards, 139.

Seeds, indigestibility of, 89.
transportation of, 90, 91.

Selection, natural, 66, 67.
sexual, 76-78.

Sensitive fern, variety of, 18.
Sexual selection, 76-78.

Sheep, Ancon, 15, 16.

Short-horns, introduction of, 61.

Silurian age, life of, 126, 127.
Skull, Neanderthal, 216, 217.

Skulls, human, capacity of, 182.
Snails, distribution of, 165.
Steinheim, 22-26.

Snakes, warning appendages of, 86.
Somme River, terraces of, 198, 199.
Special-creation theory, 7.

and distribution, 171, 172.

Species, definition of, 2, 3.
doubtful, 19.

J. J. Murphy on, 12.

origination of new, 10.

Spencer, Herbert, on origin of human faculties, 184; author of

term, "survival of the fittest," 67.

Splint-bones of horses, 146.

Sports among plants, 17-19.

Starvation as a check to increase, 64, 65.

Steinheim snails, 22-26.

Struggle for existence, Darwin on, 58.

Survival of the fittest, 67.

TASMANIANS, Dove on the, 191.

Terraces of Connecticut River and of River Somme, 198 199.

Tertiary age, fauna and flora of, 129.

man, 213.

Thames Valley in time of river-drift men, 200.

Thomson, Allen, on embryology and evolution, 240.
Thomson, Sir William, on age of earth's crust, 123, 124.
Time-ratios, geological, 125.

Tree-frogs, 85.

Trelease, Prof. William, on evidence of vegetable embryology,

247-251.

Trenton, N. J., gravel-beds of, 206, 208.

palæolithic implements from, 203-206.

Tsetse fly, 64.

Tuco-tuco, 41.

Types, comprehensive, 137, 140.

VARIATION among animals, 14, 15.
among birds, 19, 20.

among fishes, 21.

among foraminifera, 21, 22.

among mammals, 21.

among plants, 12, 14, 18, 19.

begets variation, 52.

causes of, 30-51.

Varieties, examples of, 2.

Vegetable kingdom, partial classification of, 246.

testimony of, to evolution, 247-251

Veins, valves of, not adapted to upright position, 188, 189.
Vermiform appendage of intestine, 120, 121.

Volvox globator, mistake of Ehrenberg concerning, 109.

WALLACE, A. R., on coloration of fruits, etc., 88, 89.

on geographical distribution, 166-169.

on protective coloration of sea-slugs and sea-anemones, 85.
an independent discoverer of natural selection, 229.

on zoological regions, 162.

Walsh, B. D., on phytophagic species, 39.

Warning-colors, 85, 86.

Weeds, spread of, 62.

Wells, W. C., discoverer of natural selection, 232.
Winchell, Prof., on age of Falls of St. Anthony, 196.

Wisdom-teeth, loss of, 36.

Wolves in relation to deer, 62, 63.

Wright, Prof. G. F., authority for length of post-glacial time,

196.

ZONE of fracture, 160, 161.

Zoological regions, Wallace on, 162.