Present Philosophical Tendencies: A Critical Survey of Naturalism, Idealism, Pragmatism, and Realism Together with a Synopsis of the Philosophy of William James

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Longmans, Green, 1925 - Philosophy - 383 pages

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Contents

ΙΟ
12
4 The Confusion of the Philosophical Motive The Place of
29
IDEALISM PAGE
38
The Two Varieties of Naturalism 81 གྨ
58
tive Dogma
64
Pseudosimplicity and Indefinite Potentiality
66
Naïve Naturalism Büchners Monism of Matter
68
Spencers Monism of Force
70
Haeckels Monism of Substance
72
Critical Naturalism 8 The Sensationalism of Karl Pearson 70 72
75
The Modified Position of Ernst Mach 10 The Experimentalism of H Poincaré
78
The Option of Hypotheses 11 The Failure of Critical Naturalism The Priority of Logic and Mathematics CHAPTER V RELIGION AND THE LIMITS...
98
The Real Cause and Mere Description
99
The Unreality of Space and Time The Kantian Argu ment
100
Infinity and Continuity
103
The Priority of Consciousness
105
29
106
Science as a Limited Body of Truth 82
108
THE CARDINAL PRINCIPLE OF IDEALISM
113
Platonic Idealism or Teleological Rationalism
114
Rationalism Purged of Teleology by Spinoza
116
The Idealistic Revolution
118
The Beginnings of Modern Idealism The Dualistic Ver sion of Knowledge
119
Berkeleys Refutation of Dualism
122
Epistemological Monism
126
The Argument from the Egocentric Predicament
128
The Cardinal Principle and the Berkeleyan Proofs in Con temporary Idealism
132
OBJECTIVE OR TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM
135
The Sceptical Crisis in Hume
136
Kant to the Rescue The Categories and Synthetic Unity
139
Kants Relations to Idealism
142
Diverse Tendencies Critical Idealism
144
Metaphysical Idealism Intellectualism
145
NeoRomanticism
152
The New Idealism and the Cardinal Principle
155
The New Proof of Idealism from Synthetic Unity
156
The Revival of the Berkeleyan Arguments
158
Objective Idealism as an Escape from Subjectivism
162
ABSOLUTE IDEALISM AND RELIGION
164
Formalism Arising from the Logical Basis of Absolutism
166
3 Equivocation Arising from the Attempt to Escape Formalism
169
The Dogmatic Character of Absolutism Agnosticism
171
The Rôle of Ideas in Knowledge
200
The Meaning of Truth
203
Modes of Verification Verification by Perception and by Consistency
205
Verification by Operation and by Sentiment
207
Verification by General Utility
211
The Realistic Version of Pragmatism
214
The Subjectivistic Version of Pragmatism
215
PAGE
216
Realistic and Subjectivistic Interpretations Satisfaction The Making of Reality
219
IMMEDIATISM versus INTELLECTUALISM
222
Nonintellectual Experience or Immediacy
224
Immediacy Implied in Mediate Knowledge
226
The Abstractness of Concepts Vicious Intellectualism
228
The Failure of Concepts to Grasp Reality Radical Anti intellectualism
229
The Failure of Antiintellectualism to Understand the In tellectual Method Concept as Function and as Content
231
The Confusion between the Relations of Symbols and the Relations Symbolized
232
The Supposition that Concepts are Necessarily Privative
234
The Misunderstanding Concerning Analysis
236
The Supposed Superiority of the Immediacy that Precedes Analysis
237
The Subjectivistic Version of Immediatism
239
The Realistic Version of Immediatism
240
PLURALISM INDETERMINISM AND RELIGIOUS FAITH
242
Indeterminism as the Sequel to Antiintellectualism Will
254
Freedom as Creative Activity
261
211
271
22
277
28
283
2
294
CHAPTER XIII A REALISTIC THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE
306
NeoRealism
313
A REALISTIC PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE
329
85
333
APPENDIX
349
Theory of Knowledge
356
89
369
Conclusion
375
The Scientific Philosophy and the Religious Philosophy
379
99
380
100
381
108
382
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Page 4 - The End of our Foundation is the knowledge of Causes, and secret motions of things ' ; and the enlarging of the bounds of Human Empire, to the effecting of all things possible.
Page 343 - ... accidental collocations of atoms; that no fire, no heroism, no intensity of thought and feeling can preserve an individual life beyond the grave; that all the labours of the ages, all the devotion, all the inspiration, all the noonday brightness of human genius, are destined to extinction in the vast death of the solar system; and that the whole temple of Man's achievement must inevitably be buried beneath the debris of a universe in ruins...
Page 125 - ... to imagine trees, for instance, in a park, or books existing in a closet, and nobody by to perceive them. I answer, you may so, there is no difficulty in it; but what is all this, I beseech you, more than framing in your mind certain ideas which you call books and trees, and at the same time omitting to frame the idea of any one that may perceive them?
Page 342 - ... Brief and powerless is man's life ; on him and all his race the slow sure doom falls pitiless and dark. Blind to good and evil, reckless of destruction, omnipotent matter rolls on its relentless way; for Man, condemned to-day to lose his dearest, to-morrow himself to pass through the gate of darkness, it remains only to cherish, ere yet the blow falls, the lofty thoughts that ennoble his little day...
Page 367 - Disregarding the over-beliefs, and confining ourselves to what is common and generic, we have in the fact that the conscious person is continuous with a wider self through which saving experiences come...
Page 302 - As to the first question, we may observe that what we call a mind is nothing but a heap or collection of different perceptions, united together by certain relations, and supposed, though falsely, to be endowed with a perfect simplicity and identity.
Page 240 - Everything you can think of, however vast or inclusive, has on the pluralistic view a genuinely 'external' environment of some sort or amount. Things are 'with' one another in many ways, but nothing includes everything, or dominates over everything. The word 'and' trails along after every sentence.
Page 366 - Faith means belief in something concerning which doubt is still theoretically possible; and as the test of belief is willingness to act, one may say that faith is the readiness to act in a cause the prosperous issue of which is not certified to us in advance.
Page 351 - The world experienced (otherwise called the 'field of consciousness') comes at all times with our body as its centre, centre of vision, centre of action, centre of interest. Where the body is is 'here'; when the body acts is 'now'; what the body touches is 'this'; all other things are 'there' and 'then
Page 163 - And so with dialectic ; when a person starts on the discovery of the absolute by the light of reason only, and without any assistance of sense, and perseveres until by pure intelligence he arrives at the perception of the absolute good, he at last finds himself at the end of the intellectual world, as in the case of sight at the end of the visible.

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