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Being chapters on various aspects of Humanitarianism. By HOWARD Moore. Post 8vo., 3s. net. LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS THE HUMANE REVIEW THE PREVENTION OF CRIME BILL THE great aim of the Criminal Law is, when a man has committed a crime-for that is the necessary startingpoint-to prevent him from repeating it, and to prevent other people from committing similar offences. As regards the offender himself, there are three ways of preventing him from repeating his offence: we may render him afraid to do so, unable to do so, or unwilling to do so; or, in other words, we may seek to deter him, to disable him, or to reform him. Deterrence is at present the system most in vogue. We imprison the offender, and sometimes flog him, in order to make him afraid to repeat his offence; and by a strange, though common, confusion we often regard him as irreclaimable-as incapable of being reformed-because our attempts to deter him have proved unsuccessful, whereas we have never made any attempt to reform him, and have no means of knowing whether such an attempt, if made, would succeed or fail. Our ancestors made larger use of the second method. If we hanged the offender, he would not offend again, and if we transported him to one of our colonies, he would not be likely to trouble us again, while the colonists might take care of themselves. Imprisonment and penal servitude, however, though the main object aimed at may be to make the prisoner afraid to return, combine the disabling element with the deterrent element. The prisoner has no opportunity of repeating his crime while in prison. He is temporarily disabled, and this disablement may continue for many years-even for life, so far as the Statute is con VOL. IX. 129 I |