AMERICAN

JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY

VOL. XXXVII, 1.

WHOLE NO. 145.

I. THE LATEST EXPANSIONS OF THE ILIAD.

The printed texts of the Iliad are remarkably uniform; so much so, indeed, that a collation of Ludwich or Monro-Allen with a text printed early in the nineteenth century, may prove surprising at the first blush. Attention will be given in the present article to no variant smaller than a single line, and under that limitation the uniformity of our printed texts is theoretically absolute. In his edition of the Iliad (1804) Wolf printed 15,693 verses, and the numbering of our editions still points to the same total, each verse retaining the number it bore in Wolf's edition. In practice this harmony is disturbed by the use of brackets, or small type, or by the relegation of certain verses to the critical apparatus, where they must join company with certain other verses that have never made their way into a printed text. Such differences, however, do not shake our concept of a poem of 15,693 lines, and this is what we have in mind when we speak of the modern or printed vulgate.

The chief foundation of this vulgate is the minuscule manuscripts which in turn exhibit such a uniformity, that we can abstract from them the idea of a medieval vulgate. On comparison of the two concepts the first fact to be noted is that the printed vulgate has been expanded by the addition of certain lines. These are: 548. 550-2 taken from [Plat.] Alcib. II 149d; I 458-61 from Plut. de poet. aud. 26b; ▲ 543 from Arist. Rhet. II 9, p. 1387a 35; Σ 604/5 from Athen. 181a. In this direction, however, Wolf did not go so far as Barnes

(1711) who had added II 82a. P 99a. T 137a. Y 66a, the text and sources of which are recorded in Ludwich's commentary. None. of these lines is found in any manuscript, nor-to anticipate slightly-in any papyrus. Papyri covering the passages in IP have not yet been discovered; those available for the others can readily be found in the list given below.

Now the medieval or manuscript vulgate is not a sharply defined idea. On the contrary it is rather like a composite photograph; consisting of a solid nucleus-the lines on which all manuscripts agree-and of a nebulous halo-the lines for which the manuscript testimony wavers. The latter are in comparison with the printed vulgate distinguished as plus or minus verses. The distinction, however, is of little value; partly because it is to a certain extent merely a matter of accident whether a verse has been printed or not, but more because in comparison with an older stage of the tradition all of these wavering lines prove to be plus verses. Disregarding this distinction, therefore, I shall turn next to the task of marking off the boundary between the nucleus and the nebula of the tradition as exactly as possible.

As exactly as possible, because it was to be expected, and is obvious, that the manuscripts suffer from 'surface corruption', to adapt a metaphor that Mr. Murray has rendered obligatorily fashionable. This we must imagine away. The criteria for recognizing it are: 1) the need of the line for the construction; 2) the ease of the mechanical explanation of its omission (haplography); (3) the restriction of the variant to a small number of manuscripts. The application of these criteria cannot be made by rule of thumb, it requires judgment and tact. Consequently, it need occasion no surprise that, while the differences between the extremes are readily recognized, there should remain a number of doubtful cases. Criteria for reducing the number of these, I hope to develop in the course of the present article.

To facilitate the checking of my work I give a list of the passages which I regard as due to surface corruption-including in it instances of transposition of lines, since these may either originate in the omission of a line or lead to it. For many of the passages reference to Ludwich's commentary is sufficient; but some I have placed in a second list either

because the omission, tho poorly attested, is in itself possible, or because the variant is common to a small group of manuscripts, or occurs in a manuscript of importance, or finally because it coincides (in my belief accidentally) with an omission or athetesis of an ancient critic.

A 40. 41. 64–5. 142. 167. 215–45. 237a. 266. 267. 375a-e. 443a. 465-7. 468-9. 476–7. 490. 524. 575. 588. 597. B 100. 103. 104. 152. 166–81. 172a-d. 194–5. 235. 274. 275. 285-91. 355-7. 388-9. 427-9. 430. 431. 494-505. 504. 563-600. 565-7. 623. 634. 643ab. 645. 672. 750. 793. 862. T 7. 9-15. 57. 74-94. 88. 163. 199. 224-5. 229. A 5. 24. 34a. 67a, 68-72. 70-2. 71. 72. 95-8. 135. 157a. 158. 161. 193. 199–200. 226. 252. 295. 296. 334. 378. 401-2. 446-7. 501. E 14. 31-5. 76. 101a. 141. 144. 166. 204. 258-61. 266–7. 272. 384. 385. 386. 398. 462. 611–7. 616a. 639. 691. 723/5. 740a, 782.836ab. Z 51-2. 91. 113. 163-4 (wide-spread haplogr.). 172-4. 235. 246. 247-50. 267. 303-5. 385. 400-1. 479. 499/500. H 245. 358-9.395/6. 396. 402a. 413a-d. 429–31. 447-60. 127-8. 153-213. 159-60. 220. 227. 306-7. 312. 374. 406–19. 433. I 90. 127. 285. 390. 398-9. 408. 568–9. 574. K 117. 128–42. 206. 228. 230. 311-2. 320a-d (= 309–12). 530-4. A 128. 160. 196-9. 269-72. 313a. 359a. 569. 595. 800-1. M 138. 195. 232-3. 379. 418-9. 428. 434 N 26. 46. 80. 119. 158-60. 184. 202. 227a. 340. 364. 482. 528. 529–31. 530-1. 533. 535. 556–8. 618. 634a-c 655. 681. 692. 721. 5. 96. 216. 274. 293. 302. 312. 389-90. 406. 490-2. 494. O 80. 152a. 155. 162-78. 192. 193. 195. 200-2. 205. 208. 210. 211. 212. 213. 284. 288-90. 315. 380. 418. 471-2. 479-80. 556. 568. 586. 673. 675. 705. 735. II 50. 58. 83. 92. 124. 143. 193. 214. 222. 224. 248–9. 262–4. 265–6. 308. 336–7. 382–3. 384. 448-51. 478a. 482. 497. 527. 582-5. 620. 673–82. 704-6. 712. 803. 829. P 70–1. 80a. 90–167. 121. 154. 346–51. 363. 434. 483. 489. 505-10. 524-6. 644-5. 656. 658. 8. 40. 89. 208. 219-20. 269. 277. 462. 483. 484. 485. 553/5. 588-90. 601. T 63. 71. 154. 274. 306. 348a. 384. Y 29. 61. 86-8. 112. 116–89. 226a. 273. 309. 387-8.401. 67. 69–71. 72. 342. 387. 477abc. X 209. 252. 399. 509. 107. 137-8. 157. 200-2. 217. 223-4. 244. 374-7. 377. 409. 515–6. 629. 642. 835. 845. N 99. 121. 295–312. 305. 326/7. 330. 340-5 (hapl.). 356. 414. 444. 578-9. 648. 654. 694. 695. 713-4

A 299 om. Px; 540a (= 538) add. DYHb.-B 83 om. Fr;

'The variants of ABG Px S T are given completely.

131 om. Fr1, add. Fr2 im. (130-3 &0. Ar.); 139 om. J1, add. J2 im.; 143 om. it., add. im. J, ȧ0. Ar.; 291 om. it., add. im. H; 312–3 om. it., add. im. H (haplography in both cases); 320 om. T1, add. T2 im.; 502-5 om. J1, add. J2 im.; 528 ¿0. Zen., partim om. Ub1; 553 om. Ub1, add. Ub2 (553-5 å0. Zen.); 575 om. J1, add. J2 im.; 606 om. it., add. im. F; 608 om. it., add. im. Fz; 684 om. YbU, add. Yb2 im.; 687 om. F, add. F2 im.; 734 post 735 pos. A (cr. m. 2.); 741 om. it., add. im. Fz; 744, 746 om. Ua, add. Ua2; 757-8 om. Fdı, add. Fd2 im.; 785 om. it., add. im. Fb; 859 obelo notat P. Bodl., om. it. ss. Yb (haplogr.) ; 871 om. J.-r 128 om. P; 129 om. it. UbP, add. Ub2 im.; 139 om. Ub1, add. Ub2 im.; 238 om. it., add. U im.; 356–7 om. Ub1, add. Ub2 im.; 415 om. Db; 438 om. it. ss. Yb.-A 55 om. Nb1, add. Nb2 im. (55-6 å0. Ar.); 87 om. it., add. im. T; 115 om. E1, add. E2 im.; 117 om. Zo (ả0. Ar.); 118-21 om. P*; 121 om. Ub, add. Ub2 im.; 133 om. Y1Yc1, add. Y2Yc2; 149 ȧ0. Ar.; 148 post 149 pos. W1; 149-50 om. Ub, add. Ub2 im.; 149–53 om. Xc (haplogr.); 150 om. Nb1, add. Nb2 im.; 214-7 om. ZP; 230 om. ZP ; 248 om. it., add. im. L; 253-6 om. Zo; 369 om. A, add. A2 im.; 441 om. T1, add. T2 im.; 450 om. O3 (Allen); 504 om. it., add. im. W.-E II om. Px; 11-4 om. Zo; 13 om. M1Xb1, add. M2 im.; 41 om. L, add. L2 im.; 79 om. Px; 81 om. Px1; 248 om. Ua; 299 post 300 pos. Ub1; 338 om. Hb; 356 om. Zo; 359 om. DbJ1L1 add. J2L2 im., post 360 coll. KYb1 (cr. Yb2) (haplogr.); 360 om. D; 438-9 om. A2; 712 om. S1, add. S3 im.; 783 post 784 pos. A1; 836 om. it., add. im. W; 839 post 840 pos. P1; 863 om. P*; 907-9 om. L1 add. L2 im.-Z 104 om. it., add. im. Y: 105 om. J1, add. J2 im.; 118 om. P1, add. P3 im.; 199 om. it., add. im. Cb; 262 post 263 pos. G; 265 post 268 poni voluerunt G2T2; 428 om. PxPc; 456 post 457 coll. P; 461 om. ZP; 469 post. 470 coll. Wb; 511 om. it., add. im. B.-H 15 om. it., add. im. G, om. U (Allen); 18 om. it., add. im. Y; 79, 86 om. it., add. im. Pb; 221 post 223 coll. T1; 293 om. Ub1, add. im. Ub2 (ȧ0. Ar.); 308a add. WP (M3 Allen).—℗ 19 om. it., add.. im. B; 130 om. it., add. im. K (sine paraphrasi); 131 om M1Xb; 284 om. Xb1, add. Xb2 im., om. Zen., ȧ0. Aristoph. Ar.; 454, 547 om. G; 557-8 om. Hb (easy haplogr. and cf. previous list), om. Zen., 40. Aristoph. Ar.; 559 om. Px.-I 28 om. X; 29 om. it., add. im. P; 30 om. it., add. im. F; 44 om. T1, ả0. Ar.; 67 om. T1; 95 om. Yb1; 221 om. S1, add. S3 im.; 267–9 om. T1;

269 om. T; 397 om. T1; 474 om. S1, add. S3 im.; 484 om. Yb1; 659 om. J1Q1X1, add. J2Q2X2 im.; 660 om. X.-K 52 om. G1, add. G2, post 53 coll. Db1 (51-2 ả0. Aristoph. Ar.); 147 om. Ye; 189 om. Ye1; 217 om. it., add. im. J; 400 om. Ye1; 473 post 474 coll. H1J1P; 474 om. T1Px.-A 107 om. T1; 312 om. Ye1; 315 om. P1, add. P3 im.; 367 om. it., add. im. B; 541 om. Ye1; 615 om. T1; 635 om. L, add. L2; 774-5 om. H1, add. H2 im.—M 47 om. HT, add. H2 im., post 48 coll. Eb; 197 om. A1, add. A2 im.; 332 om. Ye1; 363-4 om. J (haplogr.), 364 add. J im., 363 post 364 coll. Y1 (363 ả0. Ar., om. Eust.); 369 om. ObX; 374 om. Σ (haplogr.); 390-3 om. it., add. im. J (haplogr.); 432 om. L'Ec, add. L2 im.-N 24 om. it., add. im. J; 61 om. Hb; 157 om. S2, add. S3 im.; 378 om. G1, add. G2; 422 om. it., add. im. A; 439-41 om. Yb1Hb, add. Yb2; 576 om. it., add. im. G; 592 ante 589 coll. G; 602-6 om. J1, add. J2 im. (hapl.) (om. P. Brit. Mus. 732, hab. P. Morgan); 645 om. T, add. T2; 690 om. it., add. im. Db; 727 om. Px; 730 om. X.E 42 om. Px, post 43 coll. CbOb; 101 om. Ye; 102 om. P; 108 post 109 coll. Db1; 157-8 om. Σ (haplogr.); 193 om. J1, add. J2 im.; 206-7 om. it., add. im. Ub; 303 post 304 coll. Db1; 306ab add. Σ (= Σb); 391 om. ZP; 395 post 396 pos. Db1; 397 om. ZP; 399 om. J1, add. J2 im.; 417 om. Ye; 489 om. it., add. im. T.-0 43 om. PxUb1Qd, add. Ub2 im.; 163 om. it., add. im. Db; 206 s. p. Yb (ả0. Zen.); 259 om. S1, add. S3 im.; 262 om. YbHb; 344 om. Ub1, add. Ub2 im.; 366ab (= 1−2) add. G; 417 om. Px, post 418 coll. Y; 482 s. p. Yb, om. N; 513 om. H1, add. H2 im.; 551 om. (haplogr.) (om. P. Berol. 230, hab. P. Morgan); 658 post 659 coll. Ob; 692 om. M1, add. M2 im.; 709-10 0m. Px.-II 12 om. it., add. im. N; 42–3 om. J1YP(?) E¢, add. J2 im. (hapl.); 51-2 om. P*; 98 om. B1Ua, add. B2 im.; 99 om. N1 (97-100 susp. Zen., ȧ0. Ar., haplogr.); 153-4 om. Px (cf. A. J. P. XXXV 148); 231 om. Yb1Qb, add. Yb2; 305 om. it., add. im. Db; 344 om. L; 400 om. it., add. im. P; 484 om. G1, add. G2 im.; 501 om. J1, add. J2 im.; 514 post 515 coll. G1; 618-20 om. UdZPZ; 636 om. G1, add. G3 im.; 731 om. Ubi Y1Z, add. Ub2Y2ZP; 816 om. H1Ud, add. H2 im.; 830 iterat X-P 12-3 om. Px; 67/9 om. P*N1, add. N2; 68 om. Db1, add. Db2 im.; 141 om. A1, add. A2 im.; 190 om. Ye; 316 om. T; 349 om. R; 352-3 om. Yb (hapl.) (om. P. Berol. 9783, cum 353 inc. P. Oxyrh. 772); 357 om. G1, add. G2 im.; 423 om.