The Stepwells of Gujarat: In Art-historical Perspective

11th cent 11th century Adālaj Ahmedabad Ankol Ankol Mātā stepwell architectural structure Baroda Bāvā Bhairava Bombay brackets breadth built carved construction Dādā Harir stepwell Dāvad Dāvaḍ-Ankol Mātā stepwell-third decorated deities depicted Detail Dhaky Dhrangadhra entrance pavilion entrance staircase figures floral four pilasters Gaṇeśa Ghumli goddess ground level ground plan Gurjara Harir Hindu images inscription intermediate frameworks Jaina kakṣāsana kirtimukha kūța lintel maithuna Maitraka mandapa Mātā stepwell-third quarter monuments mother-goddess motif Navagraha northern Gujarat octagonal shaft ornamentation Palitana panel parapet wall Patan pavilion Fig pediment pilasters platform pond quarter of 11th Ra Khengar stepwell Rāṇī samvat Sanskrit Saurashtra scenes scroll sculptures second storey shrine side sidewalls sikhara Śiva southern square stepped corridor stepwell Fig stepwell Sk stepwell-11th cent stepwell-A.D. stepwell-c stone storey underground Structural elements struts style Surendranagar district tālukā temple Vaghela Vanthali vāpī Vāv vedikā Vikia stepwell village Viṣṇu water level water-monument Western India