ABD

hatred among ants, 106; absence
of, among bees, 286
Agricultural ants, 61, 92

Aldrovandus quoted as to ants, 61
Amazon ants, see Polyergus ru-
fescens

Amber, an intermediate form of
ant preserved in, 68
Analogies between ant societies
and human, 91

André quoted as to Platyarthrus,

75; as to the slaves of F. san-
guinea, 80

Anergates, 85; no workers among
them, 86; degraded condition
of, 89

Animal food, queens hatched in
an artificial nest supplied with,

40

Angræcum sesquipedale, length of
flowers of, 52

Anomma arcens, the Driver ant,
described, 20, 63; their blind-
ness, 65

Ants, three families of, 1; four
periods of life in, 6; duration of
life among, 8, 38, 40; structure

APH

of, 10; different classes of indi-
viduals among, 18; communities
of, 24; games of, 28; their rela-
tion to plants, 50; often insecti-
vorous, 59; their relations to
other animals generally hostile,
63; their enemies, 26, 67; their
domestic animals, 67-78; pro-
gress among, 90; their beha-
viour towards each other, 94,
&c.; mental powers of, 181;
their sense of vision, 11, 182-
220, 258; of smell, 127, 238,
258; of hearing, 221, 226; stri-
dulating apparatus among, 230;
their intelligence, 236
'Ant eggs,' 7
'Ant-rice,' 61

Antenna of ant described, 10;

sense organ in terminal portion
of, illustrated, 227

Antennæ as means of communica-

tion among ants, 153; as organs
of hearing, 221, 226; of smell,
94, 234

Antirrhinum fertilised by humble
bees, 54

Aphides made use of by ants, 25,
67; different species of, utilised
by different ants, 68; their
honey, 69; their eggs tended by
ants, 70; not domesticated by
F. fusca, 91

ARI

Aristida oligantha, 'ant-rice,' 61
Artificial nests for ants, 3, 164
Ateuchus pilularius, anecdote of,

154

Atrophy of the imaginal discs of
the ant-workers, 12; of the
sting in Formica, 15; of the
eyes of Platyarthrus and Beckia,
75

Atta barbara, the eye in, 11;
variety of workers among, 19

structor, its treatment of col-
lected grain, 61

- testaceo-pilosa, experiment with,
as to power of communication,

177

Attachment among ants, 94
Auditory organs, structures in ant-
antennæ probably serve as, 226
Australian honey ant, 49; de-
scribed, 428

ATES, Mr., quoted as to the

BATE

five kinds of workers in
Saüba, 22; as to ant-play, 29;
as to the use made by ants of
leaves, 57; as to the armies of
Eciton, 65; as to leaf-cutting
by Saüba, 237

Batrisus, rarely more than one
specimen of, found in an ants'
nest, 78

Beckia, one of the ant-guests, 74
Bees, occasional fertility of
workers among, 36; means of
recognition among, 126; their
sense of hearing, 221, 290; ob-
servations with, 274; difficulty
in finding their way, 278; their
behaviour in a strange hive, 281;
their recklessness, 285; their
want of mutual affection, 286;
their influence on the develop-
ment of flowers, 51, 291; their
colour sense, 291; their prefer-
ence for blue, 294-310; experi-
ments on communication among.
them, 276, 401

Blue, the favourite colour of bees,
294, 304, 310; flowers, their late
origin, 308

Bonnet, M., on aphis eggs, 70
Bonnier, M., on indifference to
colour among bees, 302
Bothriomyrmex meridionalis, the
eye in, 11

Brazil, blind hunting ants of, 65;

use made by the Indians in, of
the tenacity of an ant-bite, 96
Buchla dactyloides, seed of, col-
lected by ants, 61

Büchner, Dr., as to Texan harvest-
ing ants, 62

Burmeister, on the power of recog-
nition among insects, 126
Butterfly, ants seen licking the
larva of, 68

A

CHE

Chennium, rarely more than one
specimen of, in an ants' nest, 78
Christ, M., on the length of life of
queen ants, 9; on ant roads, 25
Chrome alum, experiments as to
ant vision with, 217.
Chromium chloride, experiments
with, 217

Claparède, M, as to insect-vision,
183

Clark, Rev. Hamlet, as to an ant-
tunnel in S. America, 25
Claviger, a blind beetle, a guest
in ants' nests, 75, 76; experi-
ments with, by M. Lespès, 90
Cleanliness of ants, 29
Coccida, their use to ants, 68
Cocoons spun by some larvæ of
ants, 7

Colobopsis truncata and C. fusipes,
two forms of the same species,
20
Colour-sense of ants, 186, &c.; of
bees, 291, &c.; of wasps, 316;
less developed among wasps
than bees, 321

Colours of flowers, evolution of,
308

Communication, power of, among

ants, 153, &c.; among bees,
156; experiments as to, with
ants, 160, 344, 376; with bees,
276, 401; with wasps, 311, 415
Communities of ants, 24; power

of mutual recognition among
members of, 119, 333
Compassion among ants, instances
of, 106, 108; absence of, among
bees, 286

Co-operation, experiments as to,
among ants, 365-376

Correlation of form of knot with
stinging power in ants, 13; of
colour in flowers with specialisa-
tion of form, 308
Courage of ants, 27; of wasps,
314
Crematogaster lineolata, adoption
of a queen by, 34

DUJ

Crematogaster scutellaris, their
neglect of friends in trouble,
98; experiments as to percep-
tion of colour among, 192
- sordidula, threatening attitude
of, 16
Cross-fertilisation effected by in-
sects, 50

DAPHNIA, limits of vision in,

Darkness, education of young
ants conducted in, 5; effect of,
on the eyes of Platyarthrus and
Beckia, 75

Darwin, on the sound produced
by Mutilla, 229

-

Francis, on the use of the leaf-
cups of teazle, 52

Dead, treatment of the, among
bees, 287

Defences of flowers against un-
bidden guests, 52-7
Degradation of Strongylognathus,
85; caused by slaveholding, 89
Dewitz, Dr., on the non-develop-
ment of the sting in the For-
micidæ, 14; on eggs laid by
fertile workers, 36, 40
Dinarda dentata in ants' nests,
76, 77

Dipsacus sylvestris, leaf-cups of, 52
Direction, sense of, among ants,
260; guided by the position of
the light, 268; sense of, among
bees, 278; among wasps, 321,
420

Discs, atrophy of imaginal, in
worker ants, 12; cleared by
harvesting ants, 61; experi-
ments as to sense of direction
with rotating, 261, &c.
Division of labour among ants,
23, 44; tabular view of experi-
ments on, 324

Domestic animals of ants, 68-78
Driver ants, see Anomma arcens
Dujardin, M., as to the power of

Eciton, the eye in, 11

drepanophora, their order in
marching, 21

erratica, soldiers among, 21;
their covered galleries, 65
- legionis at play, 29
-vastator, soldiers among, 21;
their covered galleries, 65
Economy of labour among ants,
experiments as to, 240, &c.
Eggs of ants described, 6; laid
occasionally by worker ants, 35;
by worker bees and wasps, 36;
these always produce males, 37;
as to difference of sex in, 40;
of aphis, tended by ants, 69;
and hatched in captivity, 71
Electric light, experiments on ants
with, 200
Emery's observations on Colobopsis,

20

Enemies of ants, 26, 67

Evolution of colour in flowers, 308
Experiments, as to the adoption of

a queen by ants, 32; as to di-
vision of labour among ants, 23,
44, 324; as to their care of
aphis-eggs, 70; on Claviger, 90;
as to the treatment by ants of
injured companions, 94, 107;
with chloroformed ants, 98,
108-111; with drowned ants,
99; with buried ants, 102; as
to treatment of stranger ants,
104, 119, 124, 333; as to mode
of recognition, 108; with in-
toxicated ants, 111-118; as to
power of recognition among
ants, 119, 333; and among bees,
126; with ant-pupæ removed
from nest, 129-147; on sister-
ants brought up separately, 147–

FOO

152; as to power of communi-
cation among ants, 160-181,
344-376; among bees, 274, 401;
among wasps, 311, 415; as to
perception of colour, 186; with
coloured solutions, 194; with
spectrum, 198; with the electric
light, 201; as to ultra-violet
rays, 200-220; with magnesium
spark, 207; as to sense of hear-
ing among ants, 222; among
bees, 290; as to sense of smell
among ants, 233, 258; among
bees, 288; as to ant intelligence,
237; as to economy of labour,
241; as to ingenuity among
ants, 243-6; as to their power
of finding their way, 250; as
to means of tracking, 168, 383,
387; as to sense of direction
among ants, 260; among bees,
278; and among wasps, 321; as
to guidance of ants by sight,
266; as to the behaviour of
bees in a strange hive, 281; as
to their compassion, 286; as to
their colour sense, 291; and
their preference of certain
colours, 302; as to colour sense
among wasps, 316
Expulsion of ant from nest, 98
Eyes of two kinds in ants, 10;
compound, 182; various de.
velopments of, 183

FACETS of the eye in ants,

number of, 11; described, 182
Feeding, loss of instinct of, 76, 83,
87
Fertilisation of plants by insects,
50, 291

Fighting among ants, different
modes of, 17
Flowers, their defences against
unprofitable insects, 51-55; in-
fluence of bees on their develop-
ment, 291; paucity of blue, 308
Food of ants, 25, 63; its effect in

FOR

determining the sex in ants and
bees, 40; individual ants in
certain species serve as recep-
tacles of, 47

Foragers, certain ants of a nest
told off as, 45, 47

Forel, Dr., referred to as to the
emergence of pupæ of ants, 8;
as to their compound eyes, 10;
as to the position of spiracles,
14; as to the offices of young
ants, 23; as to F. rufa, 27; as
to ant-games, 28, 29; as to
origin of nests, 31; as to eggs
laid by workers, 35; on the
honey ant, 40; on the germina-
tion of grain in ant-stores, 61;
as to beetles in ant nests, 78;
as to the slaves of F. sanguinea,
80; as to the slave-making of
Strongylognathus, 85; on Aner-
gates, 86; on the behaviour of
ants to each other, 94; on re-
cognition among ants, 120; as
to power of communication
among ants, 158; as to their
insensibibility to sound, 221; as
to special organs in their an-
tennæ, 227

Formica bispinosa, its nest, 24

cinerea, 16; character of, 27;
eggs laid by workers among, 37,
39; duration of life of, 42
congerens, Thiasophila in nests
of, 77

- exsecta, mode of attack of, 17;
extent of nest of, 24; Thiaso-
phila in nests of, 77

-

34;

- flava, Uropoda in nests of, 431
- fusca, occasionally spins a
cocoon, 7; its timidity, 27; in-
troduction of a queen among,
eggs laid by workers
among, 38, 39; queens produced
in captivity, 40; longevity of,
42; division of labour among,
45; occasionally found in the
nests of F. rufa, 79; enslaved
by F. sanguinea, 80; Platy-

FOR

arthrus received in nests of, 90;
their condition analogous to
that of the hunting races of
men, 91; their neglect of friends
in trouble, 96; expulsion of a
member from the nest, 98; mite
attached to the head of a queen
of, 98; their neglect of im-
prisoned companions, 103; hos-
tility towards imprisoned
strangers, 104; instances of
their kindness to crippled com-
panions, 106; experiments as
to recognition among, 122, 130,
134, 233; on power of commu-
nication among, 161, 180; as to
perception of colour among, 188,
193, 201

Formica gagates enslaved by F.
sanguinea, 80

-

ligniperda, experiments as to
sense of hearing among, 223; as
to sense of smell among, 234

nigra, experiment as to power
of communication among, 363
· pratensis, eye of, 10, 184; at-
tacked by F. exsecta, 18; its
treatment of slain enemies, 27;
Stenamma in nests of, 78; large
communities of, 119

- rufa, its power of ejecting poi-
son, 15; its mode of attack, 17,
27; nests of, 23; large number
of insects kept in nests of, 74,
75; Stenamma in nests of, 78
— rufibarbis perhaps a variety of
F. fusca, 80

- sanguinea, its mode of attack,
17; duration of life of, 41, 42;
Dinarda in nests of, 77; their
periodical attack on neighbour-
ing nests, 79; slaves made by,
80; not yet degraded by slave.
holding, 88; they apparently
understand the signals of Pra-
tensis, 159
Formicida, one of the three fami-
lies of ants, 1; power of sting-
ing absent in them, 13