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Wodrow, printed in the memoir prefixed to Burns's edition of his "History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland," pp. xxii. and xxv., his appointment was violently opposed by the ministers of Glasgow, who appear to have been incensed against him by some severe remarks which he had made upon them in a letter addressed to Walter Stewart of Pardovan, which was published in 1717. After some sharp controversy in the synod, his appointment was carried, and in 1720 he removed to Glasgow, where he became minister of the North-west, or Ram's Horn, Church.* In the same year he published, 7. his "Letters upon the Overtures of the Commission of the General Assembly concerning Kirk Sessions and Presbyteries," in 12mo. according to Chambers, or 8vo. according to Watt's "Bibliotheca Britannica." The subject was, he observes, the most melancholy one he ever wrote upon, since it was devoid of the pleasure which accompanied the duty of attacking the prelatic adversaries of his church; and this partook more of the character of a civil war than the controversy in which he had previously taken part. These letters, though on an ephemeral subject, contain, like his other controversial writings, much curious historical information, and a considerable share of satire; but it is to be regretted that, while he showed himself wellversed in theological literature, he often indulged in intemperate language. He wrote many pamphlets not mentioned above, but they are mostly of a temporary or local interest only. Chambers observes that the precise date of Anderson's death is not ascertained, but that, as his successor was appointed in 1723, it is evident that he did not long survive his removal to Glasgow; it is, however, stated in the other work referred to below, that he died in 1720. The monumental inscription erected by his grandson, of whom an account is given hereafter, styles him "a pious minister and an eloquent preacher, a defender of civil and religious liberty, and a man of wit and learning ;" and it adds that "he lived in the reigns of Charles II., James II., William III., Anne, and George I." (Chambers's Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen ; Scottish Biographical Dictionary, by ScotoBritannicus, 12mo. Edinburgh, 1822.)

had been led by his informants respecting | place; but, as appears by the letters of Iceland. (Life prefixed to the German edition of Anderson's account of Iceland, &c. ; Jöcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten Lexicon, and Adelung's Supplement.) W. W. ANDERSON, REV. JOHN. Of the early life of this eminent Scotch Presbyterian minister very little is known, except that he was born in 1671, and was educated at St. Andrew's, where he took the degree of M. A. He was preceptor to John Campbell, second duke of Argyll; and in one of his works he states that he had resided in Edinburgh for twenty-five years in early life. He appears to have been at one time a schoolmaster, as "Curat Calder," one of his literary opponents, upbraids him with having been an old pedantic dominie, teaching hæc dat a." In 1704 Anderson became minister of Dumbarton, and while there he began to publish the controversial works by which he is chiefly known. One of the earliest of these, 1. "A Dialogue between a Curat and a Countreyman concerning the English Service or Common Prayer Book of England," was printed at Glasgow, in quarto, in 1710 or 1711. In this work he endeavours to prove that the liturgy which was used in Scotland for some years after the establishment of the Protestant religion, was not the English liturgy, but the liturgy used by the English church at Geneva; in opposition to those episcopalians who, having recently introduced the English liturgy into their church service, were anxious to give it every possible sanction. Of the latter party was Mr., afterwards Bishop, Sage, who asserted the early use of the English liturgy in Scotland in his "Fundamental Charter of Presbytery examined.” Very soon after, Anderson published, 2. a "Second Dialogue" on the same subject, in which the opinions of South, Beveridge, Hammond, and Burnet are opposed, while it is avowed that "there is hardly any thing of importance which is not said in the very words of the writers of the other side." These were followed by, 3. "A Letter from a Countreyman to a Curat," which drew forth several answers, one of which, written by the Rev. Robert Calder, an Episcopalian, was replied to by Anderson in a pamphlet, 4. entitled, "Curat Calder Whipt." 5. He shortly after published "A Sermon preached in the Church of Ayr at the Opening of the Synod, on Tuesday, the 1st of April, 1712," which was printed, in quarto, by the desire of the Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. 6. In 1714 appeared, in quarto, the work for which Anderson is chiefly known, "A Defence of the Church Government, Faith, Worship, and Spirit of the Presbyterians, in answer to a Book entitled An Apology for Mr. Thomas Rhind."" About the commencement of the year 1717, Anderson was invited by the people of Glasgow to become one of the ministers of that

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J. T. S..

ANDERSON, JOHN, professor of natural philosophy in the university of Glasgow, was born at Roseneath, Dumbartonshire, in the

*The inscription to his memory, put up by order of his grandson, Professor Anderson, states that he was minister of this church in 1720; but Chambers says that, according to M'Ure, it was not founded till 1721, nor finished for "a year or two thereafter." The ano. nymous "Scottish Biographical Dictionary" referred to in the list of authorities at the close of the article states that Anderson removed from Dumbarton to Glasgow in 1716.

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first appearance in 1786, and went through | tution was commenced with a single course five editions within the next ten years. He of lectures on natural philosophy and chewrote many articles for periodical publica-mistry by Dr. Garnett; and this course was tions, and a paper entitled "Observations attended by nearly a thousand persons of upon the Roman antiquities lately discovered both sexes. Dr. Garnett removed, in 1800, between the Forth and the Clyde," which was to the Royal Institution in London, and was published in the appendix to General Roy's succeeded by Dr. Birkbeck, who, in addition Military Antiquities of the Romans in to the labours of his predecessor, introduced a Britain," in 1793, and was printed separately familiar course of philosophical instruction by Andrew Foulis, in 1800, as a quarto for five hundred operative mechanics, free of pamphlet. An important collection of Roman all expense. Since that time the establishremains found in the neighbourhood of the ment has been gradually extended nearer wall of Antoninus, was procured for the uni- and nearer to the original design, and has versity of Glasgow, principally through his been productive of an amount of public beactivity and influence. In the memoir of nefit which entitles its founder to the most Anderson published in 1825, in the "Glas- honourable remembrance. In the memoir gow Mechanics' Magazine," which was the above alluded to, it is observed that, without first of any extent that ever appeared, it is any intention to detract from the well-destated that about the time of the exhibition of served fame of Dr. Birkbeck, it is impossible his gun at Paris, he translated his Essays on to dispute "that Professor Anderson, at a War and Military Instruments into French, time when education, all but the mere eleand distributed several copies in Paris; but ments of reading and writing, was confined we are not informed whether they were ever to those who had the means of going through published in English. a course of college education, broke through existing prejudices, and opened the temple of science to the hard-labouring mechanic, and the hitherto despised artificer."

Professor Anderson died on the 13th of January, 1796, in the seventieth year of his age, and the forty-first of his professorship; and by his will, made a few months previously, he bequeathed the whole of his philosophical apparatus, museum, library of books and manuscripts, household furniture, and effects, to eighty-one trustees, for the formation and support of an educational establishment, by means of which the inhabitants of Glasgow should continue to enjoy those advantages which he had so anxiously promoted during his life. Shortly after Anderson's death, the trustees proceeded to carry out his plan as far as was practicable, and to open a public subscription in aid of the funds bequeathed; and on September 21. 1796, they elected Dr. Thomas Garnett, professor of natural philosophy, that science being, according to Anderson's will, to be taught in preference to all others. On the 21st of June, 1797, the institution was incorporated by what is termed "a seal of cause," with the usual privileges of a body corporate. According to the founder's design, the institution was to consist of four colleges, for arts, medicine, law, and theology, respectively; and each college was to have nine professors, of whom the eldest should be the president or dean. In addition to the more scientific course of instruction, he also prescribed a popular illustration of the science of physics, in which it is deemed sufficient to instruct the students in general results, without leading them through the minutiae of mathematical demonstration and deduction. The funds proving inadequate for so extensive a plan, the insti

* On page 2. of an octavo pamphlet, with which we have been favoured by a Glasgow correspondent, entitled a "View of the Constitution and History of Anderson's Institution," the 12th is given as the date of his death; but the above date appears on page 14. of the same pamphlet, and in other authorities.

VOL. II.

Anderson had the academical degree of A. M., and was a fellow of the Royal Societies of London and Edinburgh, and of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, and member of several other scientific associations. He was buried on the 16th of January, in the Ram's Horn church-yard, Glasgow, where inscriptions were erected by his direction for himself and his grandfather, who had been the first minister of that church. A portrait of him is prefixed to the third volume of the "Glasgow Mechanics' Magazine." (Glasgow Mechanics' Magazine, vol. iii.; Chambers's Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen ; View of the Constitution and History of Anderson's Institution.) J. T. S.

ANDERSON, JOHN, of Dowhill, or Dovehill, Glasgow, was descended from a family which had held a high rank among the magistracy of Glasgow from the beginning of the seventeenth century. He early devoted his talents and influence to the cause of his persecuted church, and suffered much by fines and imprisonment. Wodrow relates, that on the 28th of June, 1677, he was brought before the committee of public affairs, to whom he voluntarily acknowledged having for some years deserted his own church at Glasgow, and attended the ministrations of the "indulged," or tolerated nonconformists, by one of whom he had had a child baptized; and, as he refused to engage to hear his parish minister, he was fined five hundred pounds sterling, and in default of payment committed to the Edinburgh Tolbooth, where he was detained until the following October, when the council ordered him to be liberated on payment of two thousand pounds Scots. In 1678 Anderson was again imprisoned for a short time, ou

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ANDERSON, PATRICK, a physician who lived during the seventeenth century. He wrote a small book, called "The colde Spring of Kinghorne Craig, his admirable and new tryed Properties, so far foorth as yet are found true by experience," Edinburgh, 4to. 1618. This is a very animated description of the numerous virtues of a medicinal well near the village of Kinghorn, in Fifeshire. He wrote also "Grana angelica; hoc est, Pilularum hujus Nominis insignis Utilitas, quibus etiam accesserunt alia quædam paucula de durioris Alvi Incommodis propter Materiæ Cognitionem, ac vice Supplementi in fine adjuncta," Edinburgh, 12mo. 1635. This little book is so very rare that there are not perhaps above three or four copies of it extant. The medicine which it describes has had a very different fate. Anderson's pills are still a well known popular medicine in all parts of Scotland. The privilege of vending them by ancient patent still exists in the individual who has succeeded to the right, and they are sold at an old house in the High Street of Edinburgh, which has a decayed portrait of Anderson hanging over the door. They are mild aperients. In his book Anderson disclaims the merit of inventing them, and says he brought the prescription from Venice. He wrote a history of Scotland in three volumes folio, which is preserved in MS. in the Advocates' Library. It is entitled "The Historie of Scotland since the Death of James the First, where Boetius left off, untill the Death of King James the Sext of happie Memorie, cairfullie and most fathfullie collected and digested into 6 Bookes." J. H. B.

occasion of a false rumour that an insurrec- | attending patients suffering under cholera. tion was contemplated by the persecuted (Chambers's Biographical Dictionary of EmiPresbyterians; and on the 25th of July, nent Scotsmen, iv. 477.) J. T. S. 1683, he, in company with many others, was ANDERSON, LARS. [ANDReæ, Lauonce more indicted and sent to prison on a RENTIUS.] charge of rebellion and other treasonable crimes. He held a prominent place among the burgesses in the convention of estates at Edinburgh, when they offered the crown of Scotland to William and Mary, and his name appears among the signatures to the public deeds on that occasion. Anderson represented Glasgow in the first parliament after the revolution, and took an active part in the committees on matters of trade and commerce. He was also provost of Glasgow several times, between 1689 and 1704. (Wodrow's History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland, edited by Burns, ii. 360. 387. iii. 466.) J. T. S. ANDERSON, JOHN, M.D., a physician who practised for some years at Kingston-onThames, and subsequently became physician to the general sea-bathing infirmary at Margate, where he died in June, 1804, at an advanced age. He wrote, 1. An Inaugural Dissertation, "De Scorbuto," which was published at Edinburgh in 1772. 2. An Essay on Evacuations," which was first published, as an octavo pamphlet, in 1786, at London; again in 1787, enlarged, and entitled, " Medical Remarks on natural, spontaneous, and artificial Evacuation," in the same form; and again in 1788, in duodecimo, with further revisions and additions. This is called the second edition, though it was really the third, probably because it was the second under the same title. The preface speaks of the very favourable reception of the work, and shows that Anderson removed from Kingston to Margate some time between May, 1787, and April, 1788. In 1795 he published, 3. "A practical Essay on the good and bad effects of Sea-water and Sea-bathing," which forms an octavo pamphlet. (Gentleman's Magazine, lxxiv. 978.; Works, as above.) J. T. S. ANDERSON, JOHN, surgeon, of Hamilton, Lanarkshire, eldest son of James Anderson, supervisor of excise at Oban, was born June 6. 1789, at Gilmerton House in the county of Mid-Lothian. In 1813 he was admitted a licentiate of the Edinburgh Royal College of Surgeons; and soon afterwards, by the interest of the Duke of Hamilton, he was appointed first surgeon to the royal Lanarkshire militia. He subsequently settled at Hamilton, where he had a large practice. He devoted his leisure to genealogical pursuits, and published, in 1825, "Historical and Genealogical Memoirs of the House of Hamilton," to which he added a supplement in 1827. He intended to publish also a statistical account of Lanarkshire, and a history of the Robertsons of Struan, but was prevented by death. He died December 24th, 1832, in consequence of excessive fatigue in

ANDERSON, ROBERT, M.D., a literary critic and biographer, was born at Carnwath in Lanarkshire, on the 7th of January, 1750. He received a classical education under Robert Thomson, master of Lanark school, who had married a sister of Thomson the poet. He was destined by his mother, who became a widow when he was only nine years old, for the church; but after having gone through part of the prescribed course of ecclesiastical instruction at Edinburgh, he found that his taste was in a different direction, and he studied medicine. His first literary effort was the publication, in 1773, of a collection of poems by James Græme, a fellow-student of his own who had entered life with similar prospects, but who had early been cut off by consumption. These poems never acquired any reputation, but Anderson again exhibited his affectionate zeal for his early companion's fame by inserting them in his edition of the "British Poets." He became surgeon to the dispensary of Bamborough Castle in Northumberland, where he married, in 1777, the