dom, prepared and intended for His Majesty Charles the Second, in the Year 1682; but the Storm impending growing so high prevented it then. With a short Vindication of His Lordship from several Aspersions cast on him, in a pretended Letter that carries the Title of his Memoirs, by Sir John Thompson, Bart., afterwards Lord Haversham." (This is printed in "Somers' Tracts," viii. 343., and in the Appendix to the "Parliamentary History of England," vol. iv.) 7. "The Privileges of the Houses of Lords and Commons argued and stated in two Conferences between both Houses, April 19th and 22d, 1671; to which is added a Discourse, wherein the Rights of the House of Lords are truly asserted; with learned Remarks on the seeming Arguments and pretended Precedents offered at that time against their Lordships."

There is no reason whatever for doubting the authenticity of the letter published by Sir Peter Pett, though the title given to it of "Memoirs" is absurdly inappropriate. The "History of the Wars in Ireland," to the composition of which Lord Anglesey had given much time and care, and which would have been a valuable work, proceeding from one who had so much personal knowledge of the subject, has unfortunately perished; as also his lordship's Diary, which is mentioned by Sir Peter Pett as having been in the possession of Mr. Ryley, after Lord Anglesey's death. (Wood, Athene Oxonienses, iv. 181.; Biographia Britannica, both editions; Horace Walpole, Royal and Noble Authors; Banks, Extinct Peerage, iii. 11.; Lord Anglesey, Memoirs, published by Sir Peter Pett, 8vo. 1693.)

BRIAN.]

W. D. C.

ANNESLEY, BRIAN. [ANSLAY, ANNESLEY, REV. SAMUEL, LL.D., or, as Wood states that the name was originally written, ANELEY, was born at Kenilworth, in Warwickshire, A. D. 1620. He was of a good family, being first cousin to Arthur Annesley, earl of Anglesey, and he inherited a considerable estate. When he was four years old his father died, leaving him to the care of a sensible and pious mother, under whose influence he imbibed, from his very infancy, not only firm religious principles, but also a strong desire to become a minister of religion. It is said that, when a child, he dreamed that he had entered upon the sacred office, and that he was sent for by the Bishop of London, to suffer martyrdom by fire. At the age of fifteen, at Michaelmas term, 1635, he entered Queen's college, Oxford, where he became noted for his great temperance. Wood, who writes of Annesley with more than his usual prejudice, says that, "with much ado, being naturally dull, yet industrious, he got to be bachelor of arts, notwith

(who did swear that he knew him to be 'aptus, habilis, et idoneus') did take a hard oath for him." He left the university in 1639, and was ordained by a bishop: at a later period of his life he received Presbyterian ordination. In 1644 he was appointed chaplain to the Earl of Warwick, the lord high admiral, with whom he went to sea. Between this time and 1648, he obtained the living of Cliffe, in Kent, in place of the ejected minister, Dr. Griffith Higges, whom Wood calls an honest man, but Dr. Williams declares to have been notoriously scandalous. At all events, whether by his honesty or by his laxity, Dr. Higges had become so popular with his parishioners, that they assaulted Annesley on his first appearance among them with spits, forks, and stones, and threatened him with death. He replied, with courage, that "let them use him how they would, he was resolved to continue with them, till God had fitted them by his ministry to entertain a better, who should succeed him; but he solemnly declared, that when they became so prepared, he would leave the place," a promise which he afterwards redeemed. This living was worth four hundred pounds a-year, and was also a peculiar, having a court held by the incumbent, who decided all questions relating to wills, marriages, and other matters of ecclesiastical law. In consideration of this jurisdiction, and at the instance of the Earl of Pembroke, the university of Oxford conferred upon Annesley the degree of doctor of law, an act which "his contemporaries in Queen's college," says Wood, "looked upon as the most scandalous thing in nature, because they knew very well that he knew nothing at all of the law." This was in 1648; and in July of the same year, Dr. Annesley preached a fast sermon before the House of Commons, which was printed by their order; in which he made very severe remarks upon the king, then a prisoner in the Isle of Wight, and even went so far as to hint at his execution. On the 25th of August in this year, he again accompanied the Earl of Warwick, who sailed to Holland in the pursuit of the ships that had gone over to Charles II. A short time after, he resigned his living in Kent, according to his promise to the people, who now, however, wished him to remain with them. In 1652, he was chosen minister by the parishioners of St. John the Evangelist, Friday Street, London. In 1657, the Protector Oliver appointed him preacher at St. Paul's: in the following Richard Cromwell gave him the living of St. Giles, Cripplegate; and on the 14th of March, 1659, he was appointed by act of parliament one of the commissioners for the approbation and admission of ministers of the gospel after the Presbyterian mode. The latter office ceased of course at the Restoration, in 1660; and about the same time, Dr. Annesley was de

wing year

was ejected from his living of Cripplegate, by the Act of Uniformity, in 1662; but he still continued to preach as opportunity offered, suffering at times his share of the penalties attached to Nonconformity, till the declaration of indulgence, in 1672, when he licensed a meeting-house in Little St. Helen's, where he gathered a flourishing Presbyterian congregation, of which he continued the pastor till his death. In 1694 he became one of the lecturers at Salters' Hall. He died on the 31st of December, 1696, in his seventyseventh year. Dr. Daniel Williams preached his funeral sermon, and afterwards published it, with an account of his life.

According to Dr. Williams's estimate of his character, Dr. Annesley was an eminent theologian, particularly skilful in resolving cases of conscience, and a most laborious and useful minister. He laid aside a tenth part of his income for charitable purposes; and several ministers were educated at his expense. Baxter pronounced upon him the following simple eulogy: "Dr. Annesley is a most sincere, godly, humble man, totally devoted to God."

He left a son and two daughters, the younger of whom was married to the Rev. Samuel Wesley, and became the mother of the celebrated John Wesley, and of his brothers, Charles and Samuel.

Dr. Annesley's published works consist for the most part of sermons. He edited a collection of the "Morning Exercises at Cripplegate, or, Several Cases of Conscience practically resolved by sundry Ministers," 4 vols. London, 1661, to each volume of which he wrote a preface. He also wrote a preface to Richard Alleine's " Instructions about Heart Work," and another, in conjunction with Dr. Owen, to Elisha Cole's "Practical Treatise of God's Sovereignty." (Williams, Funeral Sermon for Dr. Annesley; Wood, Athena Oxonienses, ii. p. 966.; Calamy, Continuation.)

P. S.

ANNETSBERGER, FRANZISCA, a clever Bavarian miniature painter. She lived at Munich in 1814, and was distinguished there by the title of a painter to the court, Hofmalerin. (Nagler, Neues Allgemeines Künstler Lexicon.)

R. N. W.

A'NNIA GENS. The Annii were not originally a Roman family. The name Annius appears late in the Fasti, and after two consulships (в. с. 153, 128) does not occur again until A. D. 108. They were a plebeian family, and at first there was probably no distinction between the Annii, the Anneii, and the Annæi. Of these forms, however, Annius was the most ancient, Annæus the most recent. Annius was apparently a widely-extended gentile name, being found both in Umbria and in Latium.

The first Annius mentioned in history is L. Annius of Setia, one of the two prætors of

to Rome with instructions from the Latin Diet to demand the equal incorporation of Latium; so that the senate and the higher magistracies should be equally divided between the two states, Rome being the capital city, Romans the national name. The consul, Manlius Torquatus, on the part of the senate indignantly rejected these proposals; and Annius, in quitting the senatehouse, fell headlong down the steps which led to the Forum, and was killed or stunned by the fall. The annalists whom Livy followed apparently regarded the fall of Annius as the punishment of his arrogance in proposing to equalise Rome and Latium, or of his impiety in derogating in his speech to the senate from the majesty of the Capitoline Jupiter. Those who related that he was merely stunned had probably read in some older record that Annius commanded the Latins in the war that followed with Rome. (Livy, viii. 3-6.)

In the seventh century of Rome, C. Marius the elder procured the full franchise for M. Annius Appius of Camerinum (Camerino) in Umbria, in consideration of the ancient and equal treaty existing since the Etruscan war, B. c. 308 (Livy, ix. 26.; Orelli, Inscription. No. 920.), between the Romans and the Camertians.

Among other members of the Annian family, whose connection with one another cannot be traced, are, in the republican period, Annius, a freedman, father of Cnæus Flavius, the celebrated clerk of Appius Claudius Cæcus in his censorship, в. с. 312. (Piso, Annal. 3., quoted by Gellius, Noctes Attica, vi. 9.); P. Annius a military tribune, the murderer of M. Antonius the orator, в. с. 87 (Plutarch, Marius, 44.; Appian, Civil Wars, i. 72.); and C. Annius Cimber, a boon-companion of the triumvir M. Antonius, and an indifferent poet, rhetorician, and historian, as well as, according to Cicero, a man of infamous character. The father of Cimber was a Greek, named Lysidicus, and Cicero says (Philippic. xi. 6. 14.) that the name was equally appropriate to the son, who had broken every law (Λυσίδικος). Не also calls him Philadelphus, for Annius was suspected of having made away with one of his brothers. He had, however, been one of the numerous prætors appointed by Julius Cæsar. (Suetonius, Julius, 41.) An epigram attributed to Virgil styles Annius, in reference to his historical labours, the British Thucydides (Virgil, Catalecta, 2., Heyne's note; Quintilian, viii. 3. 27., Spalding's note.); and Augustus, in a letter to Tiberius, points out Annius as a writer whose obscure and affected idiom was especially to be avoided. (Suetonius, Octavius, 86.; J. G. Huschke, De C. Annio Cimbro, Lysidici Filio, Rostochii, 1824, 4to.)

From a comparison of Polybius, iii. 40. with Livy, xxi. 25., it appears that a T. Annius, after his prætorship, was appointed with other commissioners (triumviri) to establish colonies at Placentia (Piacenza) and Cremona in в. с. 218, and that in the following year his colleagues and himself were besieged in Mutina (Modena), and afterwards made prisoners and detained as hostages by the Boian Gauls.

The BELLIENI were a numerous branch of the Annia Gens, but of little historical importance, and impossible to affiliate.

C. Annius Bellienus, contemporary with the elder C. Marius. In more peaceful times than those of the Marsic and civil wars (в. с. 90-82) his eminence in the law would probably have raised him to the consulship. (Cicero, Brutus, 47.)

L. Annius Bellienus was executed in B. c. 64 with the other confederates of L. Sergius Catilina. Cicero, according to Asconius, calls Annius the uncle of Catilina. He had been a staunch partisan of the dictator Sulla, and slew with his own hand Lucretius Ofella, when a candidate for the consulship in opposition to Sulla's wishes. (Asconius in Oration. in Toga Candida, p. 92, Orellius ed.; Plutarch, Sulla, 33.)

L. Annius Bellienus, probably a son of the preceding, was attached to the party of Cn. Pompeius. His house was plundered and burned in the disturbances which attended and followed Cæsar's funeral. (Cicero, Philippic. ii. 36.)

The ANNII Lusci appear more frequently in the Fasti and the history of Rome during the republic than any other branch of the Annia Gens; and an intermarriage with the Papian family, of which the fruit was T. Annius Milo, the well-known tribune of B. c. 57, and the adversary of P. Clodius, connects them with an eventful period of Rome. The appellation Luscus, a person who can see better in shadow than in sunshine (Festus, Luscitio, p. 120. Mueller edit.; Luscini, Pliny, Hist. Nat. xi. 55.; Nonius, p. 135. 10. Lusciosi; Fulgentius, p. 561. 19. Luscitiosos; Νυκτάλωψ, Aristotel. Genera Animalium, v. 1. 27, 28. Bekker. edit.), like many other Roman agnomina (e.g. Pætus, Strabo, &c.), was doubtless derived from the ocular imperfection of some remote ancestor. The affinity of the Annii Lusci is only partially known.

T. Annius Luscus (3.) was consul in B. c. 153, and of some reputation for eloquence. (Cicero, Brutus, 20.) He was an opponent of the Gracchi, and a few words of his speech against Tiberius Gracchus are preserved by Festus (Satura). Pighius (Annales ad v. c. 620) erroneously ascribes a prætorship in this year to Annius; and it may be added that Pighius, in his account of the magistracies of the Annii Lusci, is more fanciful than accurate. The usual reading of the article "Religionis" in Festus would make Annius the colleague of M. Fulvius Nobilior in the censorship of B. c. 136; but this does not agree with the Fasti; and Mueller, in his recent edition of "Festus" for Annius reads Æmilius Lepidus. (p. 285.) (Westermann, Roemisch. Beredsamkeit, § 38. 3.; Meyer, Orator. Roman. Fragment. p. 100.)

C. Annius Luscus (4.), son of T. Annius Luscus, consul in B. c. 128. He was placed in command of the garrison of Leptis, in Numidia, by the proconsul Metellus, during the Jugurthine war, в. с. 108. He was prætor about в. с. 83-2; and in B. c. 81 was sent by Cornelius Sulla with proconsular rank into Spain to attack Sertorius. Annius, after the murder of Julius Salinator, forced the passes of the Pyrenees, and drove Sertorius to New Carthage, and for a time out of Spain. From extant coins it is known that L. Fabius and Q. Tarquitius were the quæstors of C. Annius in his Spanish campaign. (Sallust, Jugurthine War, 77.; Plutarch, Sertorius, 7.; Eckhel, Numismat. Veter. Doctrin. 5. p. 134.)

Under the emperors the name Annius occurs in various new combinations: (1.) attached to the gentile name Libo, which bonius, &c. (Capitoline Fasti, A. D. 128. 204.) (2.) Coupled with Bassus, Gallus, Largus, names which rarely appear in the Fasti of the republic, and were perhaps introduced into the Roman senate between the reigns of Augustus and Vespasian, when the municipal nobility of the provinces supplied the

war, proscription, and state prosecutions (delationes). (Tacitus, Annal. iii. 55.; Capitolinus, M. Aurelius Antoninus, in Script. Histor. Aug.)

In connection with Verus the Annia Gens became one of the imperial families of Rome, as the following stemma will show.

ANNIBAL. [HANNIBAL.] ANNIBALE, surnamed PATAVINUS or PADOVA'NO, from the place of his birth, was one of the most celebrated organists of the sixteenth century, as well as a skilful performer on the lute and the clavier. At the age of twenty-five he was appointed organist of St. Mark's at Venice, which situation he filled for more than thirty years. Of his compositions there were printed-1. "Liber primus Motettorum, 5 et 6 Voc." Venice, 1576. 2. "Cantiones a 4 Voc." Venice, 1592. 3. " Madrigali a 5 Voc." Venice, 1583. (Fetis, Biographie Universelle des Musiciens.)

E. T.

ANNIBALLIA'NUS, FLA'VIUS CLAU'DIUS, was nephew of the Emperor Constantine the Great, and brother of the Cæsar Dalmatius. He was born at Toulouse. His uncle caused him and his brother Dalmatius to be educated with his own sons, bestowed on Anniballianus the title of nobilissimus, and accompanied it with the gift of a purple and gold robe. He received also from Constantine the singular and unprecedented appellation of King, but in what relation it stood to the dignities of Augustus and Cæsar is unknown. Anniballianus married Constantina his cousin, daughter of Constantine I. and Fausta. In the division of the empire, Pontus, Cappadocia, and the lesser Armenia were designed by Constantine for Anniballianus, with the city of Cæsarea in Bithynia for his capital. On the death of

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his uncle, however, Anniballianus and his brother Dalmatius were at first seized and afterwards murdered at Constantinople, at the end of A. D. 337, by the household troops, who were encouraged, probably by Constantius II., to declare that they would suffer none but the sons of Constantine I. to divide the succession of the empire. Medals are extant which were struck in honour of Anniballianus with the legend "Fl. Anniballiano Regi." (Eckhel, Doctrin. Numismat. Veter. viii. 24.; Zosimus, ii. p. 117.; Ammianus Marcellinus, xiv. 1., with the note of Valesius; Chronicon Pascale, p. 286. Glareanus, in his notes to Eutropius, Breviar. x. 11., makes Anniballianus to have been a son of Constantius Chlorus, and consequently a brother of Constantine I., and father, not brother, of the Cæsar Dalmatius; Victor the younger, Epitome, xli. 20.)

W. B. D.

ANNICERIS, ('Αννίκερις), a Greek philosopher of Cyrene, and one of the latest successors of Aristippus, the founder of the Cyrenaic school. He was a pupil of Hegesias, and probably a contemporary of Epicurus, which will fix his period about B. c. 300. The doctrines of Aristippus had been much distorted by his successors, and Anniceris seems to have endeavoured either to restore them, or what is more probable, to use them as a basis upon which to found a new school. His followers were designated by the name Annicereans ('Αννικέρειοι, Annicerii), and his school ̓Αννικερία αἵρεσις, Diogenes Laertius and others mention an Anniceris of Cyrene who happened to be in Ægina at the time when Plato on his return from Sicily was sold there as a slave, and is said to have ransomed him for the sum of twenty or thirty minæ. If this story be true, the Anniceris here mentioned cannot possibly be the philosopher, who must have lived several generations later than Plato. Anniceris, the contemporary of Plato, is mentioned by Ælian, according to whom he was very fond of horses and skilled in horsemanship, which he once displayed in the academy at Athens before Plato. Olympiodorus in the "Life of Plato" justly remarks that nobody would know anything about this Anniceris if he had not ransomed Plato. (Diogenes Laertius, iii. 20.; Ælian, Variæ Historiæ, ii. 27., with the note of Perizonius; Lucian, Demosthenis Encomium, 23.)

L. S.

A'NNIO DA VITERBO, in Latin, Annius Viterbensis. The proper name of this writer was Giovanni Nanni; but when, according to the custom of the learned in his day, he latinized it, he dropped the N, and wrote Annius; and modern writers, as Tiraboschi, reconverting it into Italian, give it the form Annio. He was born at Viterbo, in the Papal States, about A. D. 1432, as appears from his epitaph. Vossius, who has been followed by some other writers, fixed his birth incorrectly in A. D. 1437. He entered at an early age (in or before the year 1448, as may be gathered from his commentary on Berosus in his " Antiquitatum Volumina") into the order of Dominican or preaching friars, and took the habit of the order in the church of Santa Maria de' Gradi at Viterbo, and appears to have been for some time prior of a convent at Genoa. His acquaintance not only with the Greek and Latin languages, but also with some of the oriental tongues, (Altamura mentions the Hebrew, Chaldee, and Armenian, and Vossius adds Arabic,) obtained for him considerable reputation among those of his order, and procured for him the esteem of the popes, especially of Pope Alexander VI., from whom he received in 1499 the post of maestro del sacro palazzo, or master of the papal household, at Rome. He held this appointment only a short time, dying 13th of

Annio was the author of the following works:-1. "Tractatus de Imperio Turcorum." This work is an astrological treatise read by him at Genoa in the church of St. Dominic in 1471. Echard and Niceron say it was printed about the same time, but this is doubtful. 2. "De futuris Christianorum Triumphis in Thurcos et Saracenos." This work comprehends a commentary on the Apocalypse ("Glosa super Apocalipsim ") in two parts; and in a third part a recapitulation of the above-mentioned treatise "De Imperio Turcorum." He speaks of having read this treatise at Genoa, and "given it" and "dedicated it" to Cardinal Nicolas of Pistoia, commonly called Cardinal Theano; but he says nothing of having printed it. The treatise "De futuris Christianorum Triumphis" was finished at Genoa, 31st of March, 1480. It was printed the same year at Genoa in 4to., and, according to Echard and Niceron, at Nürnberg, also in 4to. A copy of an edition in 4to. was printed at Cologne A. D. 1482: making three editions in two years. 3. "Quæstiones Duæ disputatæ super Mutuo Judaico et civili et divino." This work was printed without mark of place.or date of publication; but the author dates his treatise from Viterbo, 8th of May, 1492. 4. "Antiquitatum Variarum Volumina XVII.” This work, on which the fame or rather the notoriety of Annio chiefly rests, was first printed at Rome, A. D. 1498, by Eucharius Silber, alias Frank, at the cost, wholly or in part, of Ferdinand and Isabella (or as Annio calls her Elizabeth) of Spain, to whom the work was dedicated. The first edition does not bear the above title, which is found in the later ones, but is called "Commentaria Fratris Johannis Annii Viterbensis Ordinis Predicatorum Theologiæ Professoris super Opera diversorum Auctorum de Antiquitatibus loquentium confecta." The seventeen parts of which the work consists are described in the first part, which forms a table of contents to the following parts. In the course of this work Annio has given passages professing to be extracts from the lost works of various ancient writers, as Fabius Pictor, "De aureo Sæculo et de Origine Urbis Romæ;" Myrsilus of Lesbos, "De Origine Italiæ et Turrenæ;" Cato, "Origines;" Sempronius, "De Chorographia sive Descriptione Italiæ et ejus Origine; " Archilochus, "Epithetum de Temporibus;" and from various works of Philo, Manetho, Berosus, and Metasthenes, a Persian, whom Annio expressly distinguishes from Megasthenes the Greek historian. The extracts produced by Annio were at first received as genuine, and several successive editions of the work in a complete form, or of the extracts without the commentary of Annio, appeared