Medieval Europe, 400-1500

Abbasid Anatolia Arabs areas army artists authority barbarian became began bishops Black Death Burgundy Byzantine Byzantine Empire Byzantium caliphate Carolingian cathedral Charlemagne Christian Church cities classical clergy conquered conquest Constantinople court crusaders cultural death developed dukes early eastern ecclesiastical economic effective eleventh century emperor England English European Fatimid feudal fifteenth century fighting Florence fourteenth century fourth crusade France Frankish French German Greek Henry Henry II historians Holy Holy Roman Empire imperial important Islam Italian Italy Jerusalem king kingdom land Latin Latin Europe least lords Lübeck medieval Mediterranean merchants Middle Ages military modern monarchy monasteries Mongol Muslim Nicholas of Cusa Norman northern Ostrogoths papacy papal peasants Plate political pope population princes religious remained Renaissance Roman Empire Rome royal rulers Russian Sicily sixteenth society southern Spain style successful taxes tenth century thirteenth century towns trade tradition Turks twelfth century vassals Visigoths