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(b).

2

Cleomenes, one of the two kings1 of the Lacedaemonians, believing that he had been insulted by the Athenians, collected an army from all the states of the Peloponnesus, and led it against them. When the two armies were on the point of engaging with one another in battle, the Corinthians thinking2 that they were in fault, changed their minds and withdrew from the contest. Demaratus, the colleague of Cleomenes, did the same with his troops, and the rest of the allies having followed his example, Cleomenes was obliged to return without effecting his purpose; and the Athenians thus had the good fortune to be freed from danger. Whence it has come to pass that the Lacedaemonians have ever since forbidden both their kings to go to war together, fearing lest one-of-the-two should desert the other. There is no doubt that the dual sovereignty at Sparta had many inherent disadvantages; the jealousy of the two kings was in itself an element of weakness.

6

VII (a).

Did his country praise the deeds of Crassus?

We cannot tell whether his country praised the untiring devotion' of the patriot Cato.

Could anyone, however well-informed, tell whether his country praised Varro for his rashness"?

How often have you read that book?

It is a great piece of impertinence 10 to enquire how often anyone has read that book.

When will Pompeius, Tubero, and Cinna arrive at 11 the camp?

It is altogether uncertain, is it not, when that scoundrel Clodius will arrive at Rome?

12

Why must Cotta be condemned in his absence 12 ?

13

He indignantly 13 enquired why a man of such unspotted life as Cotta 1a was condemned in his absence.

It is discreditable to you that 15 you do not wish to know why Cotta was condemned in his absence.

(b).

How many dogs are there in your house at Syracuse 16?

Is it uncertain how many dogs there were in the palace of Maecenas on the Esquiline? No1.

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It was uncertain how many dogs there were in the house of the illustrious Cato.

Do not conceal' from me who you are, where you have come from, and what you are going to do.

3

Throwing himself at my feet he told me who he was, where he had come from, and what he was going to do.

Do not enquire' whether the state is in any danger.

6

(c).

Just when Cambyses returned to Memphis after the loss of 3 his army, the sacred calf, which they call Apis, appeared to the Egyptians. Hearing what had happened, the whole people put on their gayest clothes and gave themselves up to feasting, sports, and merrymaking. But Cambyses, supposing that these things were taking place on account of his own calamity, summoned the Egyptian officers and enquired why they were displaying such joy. Upon their answering that one of their gods had appeared to the Egyptians, and that the people were feasting for no other reason, he thought that they were lying and condemned them to death. He then asked the priests what sort of shape the god had assumed, and as soon as he had ascertained all the facts he sent-for the calf and killed it with his own dagger. The presumption and folly of this king brought him soon after to a miserable end.

9

VIII (a).

It is quite uncertain whether Publius will marry Tullia or Portia. The inquisitive old woman 10 wished to find out whether Tullia or Portia would be married to Publius.

The old woman and her daughter asked each other11 whether Publius would have married Portia.

I do not know what sort of book this is.

It is said that Fabius does not know what sort of country the Parthi inhabit.

Do not endeavour 12 to ascertain what kind of weapons the Indi

use.

It is utter folly13 to endeavour to ascertain what kind of weapons the Indi used in that war.

They did not know whether the Cimbri would demand corn or money.

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It is uncertain what sort of man Cethegus was, is, and will be.

It was uncertain what sort of man Cethegus had been, was, and would be.

(b).

Antiochus, having heard how great a defeat his fleet had sustained, almost died of1 grief and consternation, and scarcely knew what he was doing. As if deprived of reason, he withdrew his forces from the city of Lysimachia, and thus laid open to the Romans a passage into Asia. For a long time he was in doubt whether he could better provide-for his own safety by fighting or by yielding, but at length he determined to send ambassadors to Rome and ask the Senate on what conditions they were willing to make peace. The Romans, to whom it seemed uncertain whether Antiochus would maintain any treaty unbroken, replied that he must pay an immense sum-of-money and lead away his forces beyond Mount Taurus, in order that liberty might be restored to Asia. This haughty answer naturally filled Antiochus with resentment, and no longer3 hoping to win the friendship of Rome1 he immediately prepared-for war.

IX (a).

I almost think the ambassadors will return from Saguntum in Spain 5 without-effecting their purpose.

If you are only enquiring" whether justice has been done in-the-case-of these men, the matter is not difficult.

Davus did not disclose to his master what he had heard at the meeting of the conspirators.

The quick-witted slaves' have ascertained what Davus heard at the meeting of the conspirators.

Whether these things have been done well or ill may perhaps be disputed.

Whether these things have been done well or ill, we must not quarrel with one another.

He recalled to their memory what had happened fifteen years previously.

Do not enquire what presents the allies of Athens will send to each other.

Wisdom seemed to dictate the enquiry 10 whether remedies against " that disease were of use12 to anybody13.

2 § 103.

Say, filled A with natural (justus) resentment.
5 $59, C, 2.
6 § 25.
7 § 117, k, 3.
10 § 74.
11 § 73.
12 § 67.
13 19,

3 § 130, b. 8 § 84.

note 1.

1 § 131. 4 § 127, B, 1, d. 9 § 127, B, 1, d.

(b).

But cases often occur when expediency may seem to be incompatible with rectitude, so that one has to reflect whether it is wholly1 incompatible or whether it may be reconciled with rectitude. If, for the sake of example, an honest man has2 imported a large quantity of grain from France to England during3 a scarcity and famine amongst the English people when provisions are very high in price, and if at the same time he should know that several merchants have sailed from Calais, and has seen their vessels laden with grain making-for the coast of England, should he tell that to the English people or sell his own corn in silence at as high a price as possible??

X (a).

Cornelius with suppliant words exhorts the soldiers not to leave

him.

The officers of Cornelius exhorted the soldiers to follow them, each riding on his own horse.

My churlish father will not allow me to use his horses.

They prevented you from committing such an act of criminal vio

lence9.

The sisters of the dishonoured Lentulus have advised me not to enter their house.

Both the sisters of Lentulus asked me to avoid his house.

Has anybody been allowed to persecute the unfortunate citizens? The mistress with her customary cruelty 10 ordered the slave to be beaten with rods and put to death.

(b).

Pactyas having induced the Lydians to revolt from Cyrus, Mazares, the Median general, received orders to take-him-prisoner and bring him to Ecbatana, where Cyrus at that time resided ". Pactyas, on hearing of his approach, fearing lest he should be tortured and put to death by Cyrus, abandoned Sardis and fled to the Cumaeans; who, when Mazares requested them to surrender him, resolved to send an embassy to Branchidae-now (autem) there was a celebrated temple and oracle of Apollo there-and ask the god what they ought to do. The oracle advised them to give-up Pactyas to the Medes; but Aristodicus, one of (ex) the noblest of the Cumaeans, did not allow

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his fellow-citizens to do this, and said that the messengers had reported-falsely, and that he himself would go to Branchidae to consult 1 the oracle. His urgency effected its purpose2, and thus the goodfeeling and firmness of one man prevented the commission3 of a gross piece of treachery.

XI (@).

Philippus was unwilling to enter the house, because his father had forbidden him.

We perceived that Philippus was unwilling to enter the house, because his father had forbidden him.

We perceived that Philippus was unwilling to enter the house, because he hesitated at the door-step.

Dionysius bought the statue which Polycletus had made for 25,000

sesterces.

They informed me that Dionysius had bought the statue which Polycletus had made for Pericles.

The ancient writers declare that Crete, which we now call Candia, possessed a hundred cities of high renown.

Do not raise the question whether Brutus, after he was defeated at1 Philippi, ought to have drawn his sword and killed himself.

It was uncertain whether the Gauls whom Caesar had conquered would put-up-with the Roman rule.

He ought to have persuaded his mother to send him the books she had promised.

(b).

Themistocles, having declared in the assembly of the Athenians that he had a plan which was beneficial to the state, but that it was needful that it should not be publicly known, demanded that the people should appoint somebody with whom he might communicate. Aristides was appointed. To him he disclosed (the fact) that the fleet of the Lacedaemonians, which had been hauled-ashore at (ad) Gytheum, could be secretly set on fire: which when Aristides had heard he came into the assembly amidst great expectation and said that the plan which Themistocles proposed was very expedient but very-far-from honourable. Accordingly the Athenians considered that what was not honourable was not even expedient, and at the instigation of Aristides they rejected that entire proposal, the terms of which they had not even heard.

1 § 144. 4 § 59, b.

2 Read § 100 before attempting this sentence.
5 abl. case.
Gr. § 368.

3 § 107.

7 § 107.

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