to 1619. vines form been obliged to retire through ill-health, and Dr. Chap. VII. Goade had taken his place. The four English and the Scotch deputy formed a college, and agreed English diupon joint opinions among themselves, which they a college. proposed to the synod.* Generally, their views seem to have been received with considerable deference. Gomarus, however, whom nothing could daunt or restrain, gave an "irreverent answer the Bishop of Llandaff, who ventured to remind him that there was such a thing as charity and moderation; but this appears to have been generally condemned. The other divines were also formed into colleges, according to their country, and composed in common written judgments on the several points, which were read publicly in the synod. When, however, it came to the making of canons, The way of the English deputies were by no means pleased with making cathe method adopted. The president constructed synod. the canons, and proposed them to the synod, to vote placet or non placet. As he had an obedient following of provincial deputies, he could by this means carry almost anything he pleased. Mr. Balcanquall writes to Sir D. Carlton, entreating him to interfere. "If your lordship do not procure good counsel to be sent here for the constructing of canons, we are like to make the synod Upon most points they seem to have been pretty unanimous. Upon the "Extent of Redemption," however, they differed. Bishop Carlton and Dr. Goade held that Christ died only for the elect, Drs. Davenant and Ward that he died for the whole world. See Bishop of Llandaff's letter to Sir D. Carlton; Dr. Davenant On Extent of Redemption; Appendix to Hales's Golden Remains. nons in the Chap. VII. a thing to be laughed at in after ages.* They 1619. The Arminians banished. would have their canons so full charged with cate- It is almost unnecessary to say that the decisions *His Majesty will cause letters to be written to his ambassador there, to signify his pleasure to the synod, as you desire, that in their canons they would have a special eye to the definitions of ancient councils against the Pelagians, and the constitutions of other reformed churches."-Dr. Young to Dr. Ward. Tanner MSS., 74, 196. Mr. Balcanquall to Sir D. Carlton, March 25, 1619. Dort in no of the Synod of Dort do in no way bind the Chap. VII. English Church. The divines who attended there 1619. from England were merely deputed by the King, Decisions at and not commissioned by the Church or empow-way affect ered to act for it. Nor was it possible for them the English consistently to agree with all the proceedings of the Church. synod, even supposing them not to dissent on the matters of predestination and grace. The Belgic Confession of Faith was in one of the sessions brought in to be subscribed by the Dutch and approved by the foreign divines. In this confession of faith it is distinctly asserted that the ministers of Christ have all the same "character, jurisdiction, and authority." This, of course, could not be admitted by the members of an episcopal church. Accordingly, Bishop Carlton Bishop Carlformally protested in the synod against "the ton protests against the strange conceit of parity of ministers;" and after- Presbyterian wards, in a conference which he held with some platform. divines of the synod, told them that the cause of all their troubles was having no bishops. To this (according to Bishop Carlton) their answer was, "That they heartily wished that they could establish themselves on the model of the Church of England, but they had no prospect of such a happiness; and since the civil government had made their desires impracticable, they hoped God would be merciful unto them."* The synod ended on April 29, and the English divines who had attended it, having been presented with £200 to pay their expenses home, and a *Collier's Church Hist., vii., 416. Rewards of the English deputies. Chap. VII. handsome gold medal commemorative of the synod, 1619. started for a pleasure-trip through the chief cities of the Low Countries. They were everywhere well received, except at Leyden, where the Arminian opinions prevailed; and having been satisfactorily fêted, they returned to England with letters of commendation from the States-General, and were graciously welcomed by the King. More solid rewards followed. Bishop Carlton was translated from Llandaff to Chichester, Dr. Davenant was made Bishop of Salisbury, and Mr. Balcanquall Master of the Savoy. But the strife, which they had gone to Holland to quell, soon began to rage in England, and the unwise interference in the disputes of our neighbours soon brought these hopeless questions of Calvinism and Arminianism to be the subjects of fierce quarrels among ourselves. *Fuller's Church History, X., V., 4. CHAPTER VIII. 1619. Foreign politics influence English Church history-Abbot's letter Chap. VIII. -He speaks the sentiments of the Puritans-The King against his son-in-law-Calvinism begins to be discouragedAbbot out of favour-Bishop Andrewes-Williams, Dean of Westminster-The first settlements in New England-Defeat of the Elector and seizure of the Palatinate-A Parliament called-It at once attacks the monopolists-Williams's politic advice to Buckingham-Williams is made Lord Keeper and Bishop of Lincoln-He fawns upon Buckingham-Procures Laud's preferment with difficulty-The Archbishop in trouble -Noble behaviour of Bishop Andrewes-The Bishop of Llandaff disgraced-Story of Neile, Bishop of DurhamLetter to the judges not to convict Romanists-Excitement in the country-Directions for preaching-Archbishop Abbot's letter to explain the directions-Mild policy of Williams in Church matters-The Archbishop severe-Non-residence of bishops--Laud in favour with Buckingham-Story of Antonius de Dominis, Archbishop of Spalatro. OREIGN politics now began to Foreign po- By the people generally, and the Puritans espe- |