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sustentatione aut bonis dicte domus proprietatem habeant, nec aliquod sibi vendicare possint, nisi dum obedientes, tolerabiles, humiles fuerint, adeo et modesti ut magister et socii dicte domus eorum conversationem et societatem laudabilem approbaverint, et inde decreverint se contentos in forma predicta.

S. 12. Hoc autem scolares dicte domus diligenter inter se attendant, ut nullus eorum, extraneos aut propinquos inducendo, dicte sue societati, onerosus existat; ne per hoc aliorum turbetur tranquillitas, aut contentionis seu jurgiorum materia suscitetur, aut bonorum dicte societatis in ipsorum dispendium portio subtrahatur, seu in usus alios minus provide convertatur.

S. 13. Contentiones vero et discidia inter socios dicte domus suborta, studeat magister ejusdem, juxta consilium sanioris partis eorundem, diligenter corripere et sedare, viis et modis quibus poterit opportunis. Sed ingruente super hoc correptionis seu correctionis importunitate, dominus episcopus Elyensis qui pro tempore fuerit, vel cancellarius universitatis Cantebrig. juxta factorum contingentium qualitatem, si necesse fuerit consulatur. Preterea visitetur dicta domus per cancellarium universitatis semel, vel pluries, cum per magistrum dicte domus aut scolares fuerit requisitus. Et si quid corrigendum invenerit, emendari faciat, juxta consuetudinem universitatis predicte; nichil tamen novi attemptet, statuat, ordinet, seu introducat per quod ordinationi mee predicte in aliquibus derogetur, seu valeat derogari.

Capellani et scolares societatis predicte, singulis diebus festivis majoribus, in predicta ecclesia Sancti Michaelis, ad matutinas et alias horas canonicas competentur psallendas, personaliter conveniant; et ad missas de die prout decet juxta festorum exigentiam, cum nota quatenus commode vacare poterint, celebrandas. Singulis vero diebus feriatis dicant omnes horas canonicas, prout decet. Hoc semper observato quod singulis diebus in quibus licet celebrare, Missa beate Virginis et Misse defunctorum extra festa majora, perpetuo celebrentur. Et quod quilibet in ordine sacerdotali constitutus quinquies in septimana missam celebret, cum commode vacare poterit, nisi per infirmitatem aut alias ex causa legitima fuerit impeditus. Singulis vero diebus Dominicis, a tempore inceptionis hystorie que dicitur Deus omnium usque ad adventum Domini, celebretur Missa de Trinitate. per singulos autem dies Lune, Missa de Sancto Michaele Archangelo. Et quolibet die Martis, Missa de Sancto Edmundo Rege et Sancto Thoma Archiepiscopo Cantuariensi Martyribus et omnibus Martyribus. Quolibet die Mercurii, Missa de Sancto Johanne Baptista et alia Missa de Sancto Petro Apostolo et omnibus Apostolis. Quolibet die Jovis, Missa de Sanctis Etheldreda, Katerina, Margareta, et omnibus Virginibus. Quolibet die Veneris, Missa de Sancta Cruce, et quolibet die Sabbati, Missa de Sanctis Nicholao, Martino, et omnibus Confessoribus. Et quod ille misse speciales, extra festa dupplicia, celebrentur per capellanum quem magister dicte domus ad hoc vicissim duxerit assig

nandum, prout ad missas illas speciales horis captatis intendere poterint celebrandas.

17. Per hoc autem intentionis mee non existit, ipsorum scolarium capellanorum aliquem ultra possibilitatem suam congruam, super hujusmodi missarum celebrationibus faciendis, onerare, quo minus lectionibus, disputationibus in scolis, sive studio valeant vacare competenter; et hec eadem ipsorum conscientiis duxi relinquenda. Psalmos vero penitentiales cum psalmis quindecim, scilicet Ad Dominum cum tribularer, et aliis usualibus: et litania, placebo, et dirige, et animarum commendationem, dicant secundum usum Sarum, conjunctim vel separatim, horis quibus vacare poterint competentibus, suarum periculo animarum.

18. In omnibus vero et singulis missis celebrandis, tenentur dicti capellani scolares orare, pro statu universalis Ecclesie, et pace et tranquillitate regni, et pro salute dicti domini regis, domine Isabelle regine, domini Edwardi dicti regis primogeniti, et aliorum ipsius regis liberorum, et prefati domini episcopi Elyensis, prioris et conventus ejusdem loci, Mea, magistri Rogeri Butetourte, Dere de Waddyngle et omnium parentum amicorum, et benefactorum meorum: et ipsorum cum ab hoc seculo migraverint, animabus, et omnium regum Anglie animabus necnon specialiter pro animabus dominorum Radulphi de Walpol et Roberti de Oreford quondam episcoporum Elyensium ; Johannis de Northwolde quondam abbatis de sancto Edmundo; Johannis de Berwisco, Henrici de Guldeford, Johannis de Vivon, Ade de Ikelyngham, Galfridi de Kyngeston, Johannis de Ely, Parentum et benefactorum meorum et omnium fidelium defunctorum.

19. De cameris vero in manso habitationis predicte dictis scolaribus assignandis, habeat magister cameram principalem, et quo ad alias cameras preferantur seniores.

20. Item habeant dicti magister et scolares communem cistam, pro cartis, scriptis, et hujus modi rebus suis custodiendis, cum tribus serruris et clavibus; quarum unam clavem custodiat magister dicte domus, et aliam clavem unus capellanorum, et tertiam clavem alius capellanus, per magistrum et scolares ad custodiam illam deputandi.

21. Cedente vero aut decedente magistro dicte domus, alius magister ydoneus, providus, et circumspectus, in ordine sacerdotali constitutus, saltem qui in arte rexerit dialectica, per socios ejusdem domus seu majorem et seniorem partem eorundem secundum numerum, de seipsis aut aliis, eligatur; et hujus modi electio cancellario universitatis Cantebrig: notificetur, simpliciter, approbanda, sed non examinanda. Nec per hoc habeat cancellarius dicte universitatis potestatem sive jurisdictionem dictam electionem quassandi, seu de statu dicte domus aliqualiter ordinandi, seu aliquem in societatem dicte domus ponendi, contra formam ordinationis mee supradicte.

22. Quod si forsan scholares dicte domus, cedente vel decedente magistro ejusdem, alium magistrum ad regimen dicte domus, infra duos

menses a tempore cessionis aut decessus magistri, eligere neglexerint: tunc statim post lapsum illorum duorum mensium, dominus episcopus Elyensis, qui pro tempore fuerit, magistrum preficiat et deputet ad regimen antedictum; et hujus modi profectio magistri, facta per predictum dominum episcopum, cancellario notificetur, modo superius annotato, salva semper dictis scolaribus electione libera magistrum eligendi, in singulis aliis vacationibus, per mortem aut cessionem magistri sui, contingentibus in futurum.

§ 23. Cum autem aliquis scolaris, sive presbiter sive alius, in sacris tamen ordinibus constitutus, ad societatem dicte domus sit recipiendus; statim in admissione sua hujus modi recente, coram magistro [vel] presidente dicte domus, et sociis, jurabit, inspectis sive tactis sacrosanctis evangeliis, quod predictas ordinationes et statuta, ut predicitur, toto posse suo fideliter observabit, quatenus absque nota perjurii, juxta conscientie sue serenationem, ea tenere poterit et observare.

24. Ceterum liceat mihi, omnibus diebus vite mee, predictis ordinationibus addere et easdem minuere, mutare, declarare, et interpretari prout et quando, secundum Deum, michi placuerit et videbitur expedire.

25. In quorum testimonium presentibus sigillum meum apposui, testibus domino Ffultone Priore de Bernwelle, Roberto Dunning majore Cantebrig: Eudone de Impringham, magistro Henrico de Trippelowe, Johanne Morris, Roberto de Cumberton, Petro de Bermingham, Adam de Bungeye, Willelmo de Heywarde, Roberto de Brunne, Reginaldo de Trumpeton, Bartholomeo Morris, Johanne Pilat, et aliis. Datum apud Canteb. die Iovis proxima ante festum Sancti Michaelis Archangeli, anno Domini millesimo trecentissimo vicesimo quarto, et regni domini regis Edwardi filii regis Edwardi decimo octavo.

(E), p. 358.

Legere ordinarie, extraordinarie, cursoric.

The following passages contain the different views to which I have referred in the text:

'A distinction is made in the statutes of all universities between those who read ordinarie et cursorie, though it is not very easy to discover in what the precise difference consisted: it is probable however that whilst cursory lectures were confined to the reading of the simple text of the author, with the customary glosses upon it, the ordinary lectures included such additional comments on the text, as the knowledge and researches of the reader enabled him to supply. The ordinary lectures would thus appear to have required higher qualifications than the cursory lectures,-a view of their character which is confirmed by a statute of the university of Paris, ordering that "Nullus magister qui leget ORDINARIE lectiones suas debet finire CURSORIE." Peacock, Observations, App. A, pp. xliv, xlv.

'What these cursory lectures were we can only conjecture; probably they were more what we should call lectures, while the ordinary lectures were actual lessons: in the cursory lecture the master was the sole performer, in the ordinary the scholar was heard his lesson.' Anstey, Introd. to Munimenta Academica, p. lxix.

'Les leçons étaient distinguées en ordinaires et extraordinaires, Les leçons ordinaires étaient ainsi appelées parce que la matière, la forme, le jour, l'heure et le lieu étaient déterminés par la Faculté et par la Nation. Ces leçons ne pouvaient être faites que par les Maîtres. L'objet, la forme, le jour, l'heure et le lieu des leçons extraordinaires étaient laissés dans de certaines limites au libre arbitre de chacun. Elles pouvaient être faites soit par des maîtres, soit par des bacheliers. Thurot, De l'Organisation de l'Enseignement, etc. p. 65. M. Thurot then quotes in a note the phrases lectiones cursoriæ, legere ad cursum, lectio cursoria, legere cursorie; cursory lectures being, he supposes, nearly identical with extraordinary lectures,—the view which I have adopted in the text. In support of this view, and also to shew that the original use of the terms ordinary and cursory had no reference to any special mode of lecturing, I would offer the following considerations: (1) The meaning I have assigned to these terms harmonises with the etymology; but if ordinarie be supposed to have reference to a peculiar method of lecturing, what sense is to be assigned to the expression extraordinarie? (2) In the few early college statutes that relate to college lectures, no such distinction is recognised: yet some of these statutes specify not only the subjects but the authors to be treated. On the other hand, the view indicated by M. Thurot,-that the cursory lecture was an extra lecture, given in most instances by a bachelor, whose own course of study was still incomplete, and upon a subject which formed part of that course,-derives considerable support from the following facts:-(a) Cursory readers had, in some instances, their course of reading assigned to them by the reader in ordinary. Thus in statute 100 (Documents, 1 365, 366), De cursorie legentibus in jure canonico, we find the cursory reader required to swear se lecturum per duos terminos infra biennium in lectura sibi assignanda per ordinarie legentem. That is, according to Mr Anstey's theory, the lecturer engaged upon the more elementary part of the instruction determined what should be read by the lecturer who taught the more advanced pupils! (8) Those incepting either in medicine, in civil or canon law, or in divinity, are required to have previously lectured cursorily in their respective subjects before admission to the degrees of D.M., D.C.L., J.U.D., or D.D. (see statutes 119, 120, 122, 124, Documents 1 375-377); but to have lectured ordinarily is never made a prerequisite for before a lecturer could be deputed to deliver an ordinary lecture, he must have passed through the whole course of the faculty he represented. (7) Among other statutes of our own university we find the following: Item nullus baccalaureus in artibus aliquem textum

publice legat ante anni suæ determinationis completum. (Statute 142, Documents 1 385). This statute is entitled De artistis cursorie legentibus; if therefore the title be taken in conjunction with the statute, it is difficult not to infer that lecturing by bachelors was what was usually understood by cursory lectures; an inference which derives confirmation from the following statute among those which Mr Anstey has so ably edited: 'Item, ordinatum est, quod quilibet Magister legens ordinarie metaphysicam, eam legat per terminum anni et majorem partem ad minus alterius termini immediate sequentis, nec cesset a lectura illa donec illam rite compleverit, nisi in casu quo fidem fecerit coram Cancellario et Procuratoribus, quod non poterit commode et absque damno dictam continuare lecturam, in quo casu, facta fide, cessare poterit licenter, dum tamen Magister alius regens fuerit continuaturus et completurus lecturam: quod si Magister alius tunc in ea non legerit, poterit licenter per Bachilarium aliquem compleri quod dimittitur de lectura, et valebit pro forma in casu præmisso cursoria lectura, non obstante ordinatione priore.' Munimenta Academica, p. 423. It remains to examine the evidence for Mr. Anstey's theory contained in the following statute, on which he lays considerable stress: Cum statutum fuerit ab antiquo quod Magistri tenentes scholas grammaticales positive informationi Scholarium suorum, ex debito juramenti vel fidei præstitæ, summopere intendere debeant et vacare, quidam tamen eorum lucro et cupiditati inhiantes ac propriæ salutis immemores, prædicto statuto contempto, lectiones cursorias, quas vocant audientiam abusive, in doctrinæ Scholarium suorum evidens detrimentum legere præsumpserunt; propter quod Cancellarius, utilitati eorundem Scholarium et præcipue juniorum volens prospicere, ut tenetur, dictam audientiam, quam non tantum frivolam sed damnosam profectui dictorum juniorum reputat, suspendendo statuit quod, quicumque scholas grammaticales deinceps tenere voluerit, sub pœna privationis a regimine scholarum, ac sub pœna incarcerationis ad libitum Cancellarii subeundæ, ab hujusmodi lectura cursoria desistant, ita quod nec in scholis suis, nec alibi in Universitate hujusmodi cursus legant, nec legi faciant per quoscunque, sed aliis omnibus prætermissis, instructioni positivæ Scholarium suorum intendant diligentius et insudent. Alii vero a Magistris scholas tenentibus, qui idonei fuerint reputati, in locis distantibus a scholis illis, si voluerint, hujusmodi cursus legant, prout antiquitus fieri consuevit.' (Munimenta Academica, pp. 86, 87.) This statute is referred to by Mr Anstey as 'one forbidding cursory lectures except under certain restrictions.' 'The most remarkable part of the statute is,' he adds, 'that it complains that teachers led by hope of gain indulged their scholars with cursory lectures, so that it would really seem that it was not uncommon for the boys to bribe the master to excuse them their parsing!' (Introd. p. lxix.) The whole of this criticism, so far as it applies to the question before us, falls to the ground, if we observe that it is not cursory lectures that are the subject of animadversions, but a

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