Cobbett, Wm., his tribute to the work of the monasteries, 336, n. 1 Cobham, Tho., his bequest to the uni- versity library at Oxford, 203, n. 2 Cocheris, M., his edition of Richard
of Bury's Philobiblon, 204, n. 2 Cock-fighting, a common amusement among students, 373 Colet, John, his spirit as a founder contrasted with that of bp. Fisher, 471; his small liking for Augus- tine, 484; letter from Erasmus at Cambridge to, 493
Collage, Tho., bequeaths a fund for
the encouragement of preaching at the university in 1446, 439 Collège de Montaigu, account given by Erasmus of the, 367 Colleges, of small importance in the university of Bologna, 74; supposed by Bulæus to be coeval with the uni- versity at Paris, 76; foundation of, at Cambridge, the commencement of certain information respecting the university, 216; almost in- variable design of the founders of, 368; intended for the poorer class of students, ib.; standard of ad- mission at, 369; age of students on admission at, ib.; discipline at, ib.; becoming richer required to increase the number of their fel- lowships, 372; survey of, by Par- ker, Redman, and May, ann. 1545, 424, n. 5
College life, sketch of, in the Middle Ages, 366; asceticism a dominant notion in, ib.
Cologne, university of, formed on the model of Paris, 74 Commons, liberal allowance for, to fellows at King's Hall, 254; allow- ances for, at other colleges, ib. n. 2; allowance for, at Christ's Col- lege, 460; long unfixed at Peter- house, ib.; amount prescribed for, at St. John's College, 461; at Jesus College, ib. n. 1
Conringius, his conjecture with re- spect to the origin of university degrees, 77
Constance, council of, representatives from both universities at, 276; Emmanuel Chrysoloras at, 394 Constantinople, state of learning at, in the eleventh century, 175 and n. 1; in the 15th century, con- trasted with Florence, 388; ac- count given of its scholars by Philelphus, 390; fall of, 400; state of learning at, after capture in
1453, 401, n. 3; exiles from, their character in Italy described, 402 Constantinople, Collége de, circum- stances which gave rise to its foun- dation, 126, n. 4 Copernican theory, partial anticipa- tion of, in the treatise of Martianus, 26, note 1
Corpus Christi College, destruction of the archives of, 137; founda- tion of, 247; its peculiar origin, ib.; motives of founders of, 249; statutes of, borrowed from those of Michaelhouse, ib. and note 5; requirements with respect studies at, 250; not visited by commission of archbp. Arundel, 258, n. 1
Corpus Christi College, Oxford, manu-
script of Argentine's proposed 'act' in the library of, 426 and n. 2; foundation of, 521; statutes of, ib.; duties imposed upon readers of divinity at, 522
Cosin, master of Corpus, succeeds Fisher as lady Margaret professor, 374
Councils of the fifteenth century, re-
presentatives from the universities present at, 276
Counties, limitations in elections to
fellowships with respect to, 238-9 Cousin, M. Vict., his dictum respect- ing the origin of the scholastic phi- losophy, 50; the passage quoted, ib. n.
.1; his opinion that Boethius attached small importance to the dispute respecting universals doubt- ful, 51, n. 3; his account of the controversy respecting universals as treated by Boethius, 53; his conjecture with respect to the teaching of the schools of Charle- magne, 54
Cranmer, Tho., fell. of Jesus, univer- sity career of, 612; marriage of, ib.; visit of, to Waltham, 613; sug. gestion of, with respect to the royal divorce, ib.; his treatise on the question, 618
Credo ut intelligam, dictum of St. Anselm, 64
Croke, Rich., early career of, 527;
his continental fame, ib.; instruc- tor in Greek to king Henry, 528; begins to lecture on Greek at Cam- bridge, ib.; formally appointed Greek reader in 1519, ib.; his in- augural oration, 529; his Latin style modelled on Quintilian, ib.; had received offers from Oxford to
become a professor there, 534; his oration compared with that of Melanchthon De Studiis Corrigen- dis, 537; his second oration, 539; elected public orator, ib.; ingrati- tude of, to Fisher, 615; activity of, in Italy, in gaining opinions favorable to the divorce, ib. Crome, Dr. Walter, an early bene- factor to the university library,
Cromwell, Tho., elected chancellor of
the university, 629; and visitor, ib.; commissioners of, at Oxford, ib. Croucher, John, perhaps the founder of the university library, 323 Crusades, the, early and later chroni- clers of, compared, 43; the second, its influence on Europe, 58; two- fold utility of, 87; Guibert on the object for which they were per- mitted, 88; various influences of, ib.; productive of increased in- tercourse between Christians and Saracens, 91; probably tended to increase the suspicions of the Church with respect to Saracenic literature, 97
Cursory lectures, meaning of the term, 358 and Append. (E)
D'Ailly, Pierre, bp. of Cambray, edu- cated at the college of Navarre, 128 Damian, Peter, hostile to pagan learning, 18
Damlet, Hugh, master of Pembroke,
opposed to Reginald Pecock, 295 Danes, first invasion of the, fatal to learning in England, 9 and 81;
second invasion of, 81; losses in. flicted by, 82
Daneus, observation of, that Aris- totle is never named by Peter Lombard, 94
Danish College at Paris, its founda- tion attributed by Crevier to the twelfth century, 126
Dante, tribute paid by, to memory of Gratian, 36
D'Assailly, M., on the formation of the university of Bologna, 73; the universities of Bologna and Paris compared by, 76, n. 1 D.C.L., former requirements for de- gree of, 364
D.D. and B.D., requirements for de- grees of, in the Middle Ages, 363; the degree formerly genuine in character, 365
De Burgh, Eliz., foundress of Clare Hall, 250; death of a brother of, enables her to undertake the de- sign, ib. n. 1
De Causis, the, a Neo-Platonic trea- tise, 114; attributed to Aristotle, ib. n. 1; considered by Jourdain to have been not less popular than the Pseudo-Dionysius, ib.; the work described by Neander, ib. Decretals, the false, 34; criticised by Milman, ib. n. 1
Degrees, origin of, conjecture of Conringius respecting, 77; real original significance of, 78; obli- gations involved in proceeding to, ib.; number of those who proceed- ed to, in law or theology, smaller than might be supposed, 363 De Hæretico Comburendo, statute of, 259
De Interpretatione of Aristotle, along with the Categories the only por- tion of his logic studied prior to the 12th century, 29
Determine, to, meaning of the term explained, 354; by proxy, ib. Dialectics, include both logic and metaphysics in Martianus, 25 Dice, playing at, forbidden to the fellows of Peterhouse, 233 Diet of students in medieval times, 367 Dionysius, the Pseudo-,Celestial Hier- archy of, 41; translated by John Scotus Erigena, 42; character and influence of the treatise, ib. ; Abelard questions the story of his apostleship in Gaul, 58; scholastic acceptance of, as canonical, 109; supplanted the Bible in the Middle Ages, ib. n. 2; Grocyn in lec- turing on, discovers its real charac- ter, ib.; the work described by Milman, ib.; Erasmus's account of Grocyn's discovery, 513, n. 1 Dispensations from oaths, clause against, in statutes of Christ's College, 455; and in statutes of St. John's, 456; question raised by dean Peacock in connexion with, ib.; their original purport, 457 Disputations in parvisiis, 299, n. 2; why so termed, ib.
Divorce, the royal, 612; question with reference to, as laid before the universities, 613; what it really involved, 614; fallacy of the expedient, ib.; decision of Cam- bridge on, 620; criticisms on, 622
Doctor, origin of the degree of, 73; its catholicity dependent on the pleasure of the pope, 78 Doket, Andrew, first president of Queens' College, his character, 317
Dominicans, the, institution of the order of, 89; open two schools of theology at Paris, 107; their dis- comfiture at the condemnation of the teaching of Aquinas, 122; their house on the present site of Em- manuel, 139; their rivalry with the Franciscans described by Mat- thew Paris, 148; establish them- selves at Dunstable, 150; activity of, at Paris, 262 Donatus, an authority in the Middle Ages, 22
Dorbellus, a commentator on Petrus Hispanus, 566, n. 3
Dress, extravagance of students in, 232; clerical, required to be worn by the scholars of Peterhouse, 233; a distinctive kind of, always worn by the university student, 348; often worn by those not entitled to wear it, ib.
Drogo, sustains the tradition of Al- cuin's teaching at Paris, 70; his pupils, ib.
Dryden, John, resemblance in his Religio Laici to Thomas Aquinas,
112, n. 2; his scholastic learning underrated by Macaulay, ib. Duns Scotus, his commentary on the Sentences, 62; a teacher at Mer- ton College, 169; difficulties that preclude any account of his career, 172; his wondrous fecundity, 173, n. 2; task imposed upon him by the appearance of the Byzantine logic, 178; Byzantine element in the logic of, 180; exaggerated im- portance ascribed to logic by, 183; limited the application of logic to theology, 184; compared with Ro- ger Bacon, 185; long duration of his influence, 186; great edition of his works, ib.; fate of his writings at Oxford, 629; study of them forbidden at Cambridge, 630 Dunstan, St., reviver of the Benedic- tine order in England, 81 Durandus, his commentary on the Sentences, 62
Durham College, Oxford, founded by monks of Durham, 203 Durham, William of, his foundation of University College, 160, n. 1
Eadgar, king, numerous monasteries founded in England during the reign of, 81; unfavorable to the secular clergy, 161 Eadward the Confessor, prosperity of the Benedictines under, 82 Edward I, letter of, to pope John XXII, respecting Paris and Oxford, 213, n. 1; maintained 32 king's scholars at the university, 252; properly to be regarded as the founder of King's Hall, 253, n. 1 Edward III, commands the Oxford students at Stamford to return to the university, 135, n. 1; repre- sented by Gray as the founder of King's Hall, 253; builds a mansion for the scholars of King's Hall, ib.; confiscates the estates of the alien priories, 304
Eginhard, letter to, from bishop Lupus, 20
Egypt, called by Martianus, Asic caput, 26
Elenchi Sophistici of Aristotle never quoted prior to the 12th century, 29
Ely, origin of the name, 336 and
Ely, archdeacons of, claims of juris- diction in Cambridge asserted by, 225; nominated the master of glo- mery, ib.
Ely, bishop of, exemption from his jurisdiction first obtained by the university, 146; this exemption disputed by some bishops, ib.; his jurisdiction in the university alter- nately asserted and unclaimed, 287; maintained by Arundel, ib.; abolished by the Barnwell Process, 288; blow given to the authority of, by the Barnwell Process, 290,
Ely, scholars of, the fellows of Peter- house originally so termed, 231 Empson, minister of Henry VII, high- steward of the university in 1506, 449
Emser, testimony of, to fame of Richard Croke at Dresden, 528 End of the world, anticipations of, 45; influence of this idea upon the age, 46
England, state of learning in, in 15th century, 297, 298
English nation' in the university of Paris, when first called the Ger- man 'nation,' 79, n. 1 Epistola Cantabrigiensis, the, 586;
gloomy prognostications of, ib. n. 2 Epistola Obscurorum Virorum, ap- pearance of, 558
Erasmus, example set by, of ridi- culing the method of the schoolmen, 109; account given by, of the Col- lège de Montaigu, 367; his descrip- tion of the Scotists at Paris, 421; his testimony to Fisher's views with respect to the pulpit oratory of the time, 440; perhaps visited Cambridge in the train of Hen. VII in 1506,452 and n. 1; admitted B.D. and D.D. in 1505, 453 and n. 1; his intimacy with Fisher at this time, ib.; epitaph on Margaret of Richmond by, 463, n. 1; refuses to undertake the instruction of Stanley, afterwards bp. of Ely, 467; letter from bp. Fisher to, 470, n. 2; second visit of, to Cambridge, 472; his object on this occasion, 473; circumstances that led to his choice of Cambridge, ib.; reasons why he gave it the preference to Oxford, 477; his testimony to the scholarship of Oxford, 480; his obli- gations to Linacre, ib.; extent of his debt to Oxford, 481; his prefer- ence of Jerome to Augustine, 483 and 501; character of, 487; his weak points as noted by Luther and Tyndale, 488 and n. 3; contradic- tory character of his criticisms on places and men, 489; his personal appearance, the portrait of, ib., 490; criticism of Lavater on first lecture of, at Cambridge, 491; Cam- bridge letters of, 492; their uncer- tain chronology, ib.; his account of his first experiences of Cambridge, 493; he is appointed lady Mar- garet professor, ib.; failure of his expectations as a teacher of Greek, ib.; letters of, to Ammonius and Colet, ib.; his labours at Cam- bridge, 494; forewarned by Colet he avoided collision with the con- servative party, 495; protected by Fisher, 496; his admiration for Fisher's character, ib.; influence he exerted over Fisher, 497; his influence over other members of the university, 498; his Cambridge friends, ib.; his views contrasted with those prevalent in the uni-
versity, 501; his estimate of the fathers, ib.; and of the medieval theologians, 502; his Cambridge experiences of a trying character, 503; his description of the towns- men, 504, n. 1; his want of eco- nomy, 504; his last Cambridge letter, 505; his deliberate testi- mony favorable to Cambridge, 507; his Novum Instrumentum, 508; this strictly Cambridge work, 509; its defects and merits, 510; his reply to a letter from Bullock, 513; his third visit to England, 518; en- deavours to persuade Wm. Latimer to teach bp. Fisher Greek, 519; leaves England for Louvain, 520; his Novum Test., 523; befriends Croke, 527; congratulates Croke on his appointment as Greek reader at Cambridge, 535, n. 2; his influ- ence in promoting the Reformation in England, 556; his assertion re- specting the progress of the new learning, 558; letter of, to Vives, re- specting publication of his works, 585; letter to, from Fisher, respect- ing the De Ratione Concionandi, ib.; thinks the end of the world is at hand, 586; advocates a trans- lation of the Scriptures into the vernacular, 587; writes De Libero Arbitrio against Luther, 588; de- nies all sympathy with Luther, ib.; death of, 631
Erfurt, university of, styled novorum omnium portus, 417
Eric of Auxerre, sustains the tradition of Alcuin's teaching, 69 Erigena, John Scotus, an exception to the philosophical character of his age, 40; his De Divisione Na- turæ, 41; his affinities to Platon- ism, ib.; his philosophy derived from Augustine, ib.; translates the Pseudo-Dionysius, 42
Eton College, foundation of, by Henry VI, 305
Euclid, translation of four books of, by Boethius, 28; definition in, re- stored by collation of a Greek MS., 533 Eugenius III, pope, raises Gratian to the bishopric of Chiusi, 36; lec- tures on the canon law instituted by, 72
Eugenius IV, pope, confirms the Barnwell Process, 290
Eusebius, story from the Præparatio Evangelica of, 485
Eustachius, fifth bp. of Ely, his benefactions to the Hospital of St. John the Evangelist, 223 Eutychius, the martyr, appearance of, to the bishop of Terentina, 7 Exhibition, earliest university, found-
ed by Wm. of Kilkenny, 223 Expenses of students when keeping 'acts,' limited by the authorities,
'Father,' the, in academic cere- monies, 356
Fathers, the, very imperfectly repre- sented in the medieval Cambridge libraries, 326
Fawne, Dr., lady Margaret professor, a friend of Erasmus at Cambridge, 500 Fees paid by students to the lecturers appointed by the university, 359 Fellows of colleges, allowances made to, for commons, 370; required to be in residence, 372; required to go out in pairs, 374 and n. 4; Cranmer's election as a, when a widower, 612, n. 3 (for standard of requirements at election of, see under different colleges). Fen country, the, 329; extent of in-
undations of former times, 331; changes in, resulting from monas- tic occupation, 335; description of, in the Liber Eliensis, 336 Ferrara, university of, founded in the 13th century, 80
Fiddes, Dr., criticism of, on letter
of the university to Wolsey, 549 Fires at the universities, losses oc- casioned by, 136
Fires, absence of arrangements for, in college rooms, 369 Fisher, John, bp. of Rochester, his parentage and early education, 422; entered at Michaelhouse, ib.; elected fellow, ib.; elected master, 424; his views and character at this period, ib.; his account of the tone of the university at beginning of 15th century, 427; goes as proctor to the royal court, 434; is introduced to the king's mother, ib.; appointed her confessor, 435; is elected vice-chancellor, ib.; and lady Margaret professor, 437; aims at a revival of popular preaching, 440; his claims to rank as a reform- er, 441; elected chancellor, ib.; pro-
moted to the bishopric of Roches- ter, 442; his influence with the lady Margaret on behalf of Cam- bridge, ib.; resigns his mastership at Michaelhouse, 446; elected presi- dent of Queens', ib.; delivers the address of the university on the royal visit in 1506, 449; obtains the consent of king Henry to the endowment of St. John's College, 462; preaches funeral sermon for the countess of Richmond, 463; the task of carrying out her designs at Cambridge devolves upon, 465; presides at the opening of St. John's College, 470; gives statutes to the college identical with those of Christ's, ib.; letter from, to Eras- mus, ib. n. 2; character of statutes given by, to the two colleges, 471; obtains for Erasmus the privilege of residence at Queens' Coll., 472; Erasmus's admiration of his cha- racter, 496; allows Erasmus a pension, 504; supports Erasmus in his design of the Novum Instru- mentum, 511; his approval referred to by Erasmus, 515; aspires to a knowledge of Greek, 519; Croke announces himself a delegate of, at Cambridge, 530; resigns the chancellorship of the university, 541; is re-elected for life, 542; ab- sent from the university on the occasion of Wolsey's visit, 543; why so, ib.; his relations to the cardinal, ib.; he attacks the pride and luxury of the superior clergy at the conference, 544; his cha- racter contrasted with that of Wolsey, ib.; affixes a copy of Leo's indulgences to the gates of the common schools, 556; excommuni- cates Peter de Valence, 557; pre- sides at the burning of Luther's works at Paul's Cross, 571; his observation on the occasion, ib.; his treatise against Luther, 572; inclined to leniency to Barnes at his trial, 579; writes to Erasmus urging the publication of his De Ratione Concionandi, 585; in- gratitude of Croke to, 615; later ⚫statutes of, for St. John's College, 623; death of, 628
Fishing, a favorite amusement with
students in former days, 373; com- plaints of the corporation with respect to, 374
Fleming, William, a translator of
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