Being, 49, n. 2; on the evangelism
of the Mendicant orders, 90
Moerbecke, William of, his transla.
tion of Aristotle, 126; his transla-
tion of Aristotle attacked by Roger
Bacon, 155
Monasteries, origin of their founda-
tion in the west, 2; monastery of
Monte Cassino, 3, 5; of Malmes-
bury, 8; destruction of those of
the Benedictines by the Danes, 81;
superseded as centres of instruc-
tion by the universities, 207; the
patrons of learning begin to despair
of the, 301
Monasticism, its origin in the west,
2; feelings in which it took its
rise, 5; its heroic phase, 9; asceti.
cism the professed theory of, 337
Monks, contrasted with the secular
clergy, 86, n. 1; the garb of, dis-
continued, 87, n. 3
Monnier, counterstatement of, with
respect to the episcopal and monas-
tic schools, 69
Montacute, Simon, bp. of Ely, me.
diates between the Hospital of St.
John and Peterhouse, 229; resigns
to Peterhouse his right of present.
ing to fellowships, 230; gives the
college its earliest statutes, ib.
Montaigne, Collége de, student fare
at, 130
Montpellier, civil law taught at, be.
fore foundation of university, 38,
n. 1; university of, formed on the
model of Bologna, 74; founded in
the 13th century, 80
More, sir Tho., quoted in illustra-
tion of standard of living at the
universities, 371; endeavours to
persuade Wm. Latimer to teach
bp. Fisher Greek, 519; his interest
in the progress of learning at Ox-
ford, 524; his letter to the autho.
rities of Oxford on the conduct of
the • Trojans,' 525 ; l'topia of, 558;
appointed high steward, 584; Tyn-
dale's ‘Answer'to, quoted, 590;
saying of, respecting Tyndale's
New Testament, 600, n. 3; refer-
ence of, to Bilney's trial, 608, n. 3
Music, treatment of the science by
Martianus, 26; treatment of the
science of, by Boethius, 28
Non-regents, gradually admitted to
share in university legislation, 142;
the term explained, 361
Norfolk, county of, many of the Cam.
bridge Reformers natives of, 563
Normans, intiuence of the, in Eng-
land prior to the Conquest, 67
Northampton, migrations to, from
Oxford and Cambridge, 135
Norwold, Hugh, bp.of Ely, his services
to the Hospital of St. John the
Evangelist, 223
Notation, Arabic system of, intro.
duced by Gerbert, 43
Nova Ars, the, its introduction greatly
increased the attention given to
logic, 343
Novum Instrumentum of Erasmus,
508; why so called, ib. n. 2; de-
fects and errors in, 510; its great
merit, 511; its patrons, ib.; dedi.
cated to Leo x, 512; sarcastic allu.
sions in, ib.; name changed to
Novum Testamentum, 523
0
Oath, administered to regents of Ox-
ford, and Cambridge, not to teach
in any other English university,
135, n. 1; of submission, taken by
chancellors of the university, to
the bishops of Ely, 287, n. 2; im-
posed on masters and fellows of
colleges, 454, 455
Obbarius, his opinion of the religion
of Boethius quoted, 28, n. 2
Oblati, the term explained, 19, note 2
Occam, William of, his De Potestate
opposed to the papal claims found.
ed on the canon law, 36, 187;
the demagogue of scholasticism,
ib.; extends the scholastic en-
quiries to the province of nomi-
nalism, ib.; his chief service to
philosophy, 189; disclaims the ap-
plication of logic to theological
difficulties, 191; falls under the
papal censure, 195; his
escape
from Avignon, ib.; styled by pope
John xxii the Doctor Invincibilis,
196; compared with Bradwardine,
205, n. 1; his attack on the politi-
cal power of the pope struck at the
study of the canon law, 259; his
De Potestate, 260
Odo, bishop of Bayeux, regarded none
but Benedictines as true monks,
82
Odo, abbat of Clugni, hostile to
pagan learning, 18; pupil of Remy
of Auxerre, 69; sustains the tra-
dition of Alcuin's teaching, ib.;
acquires a reputation as having
read through Priscian, 104, n. 1
Olleris, M., his edition of the works
of Gerbert, 42; his view respecting
intercourse of Gerbert with the
Saracens, 43, n. 2
Ordinarie, fellows of Gonville Hall
required to lecture, for one year,
247; lecturing, meaning of the
phrase, Append. (E)
'Ordinary' lectures, meaning the
phrase, 358 and Append. (E)
Oresme, Nicolas, master of the col-
lege of Navarre, 128; his remark-
able attainments, ib. n. 1
Origen, highly esteemed by Erasmus,
501; studied by some of the Cam.
bridge Reformers, 598, n. 4
Orleans, migration to, from Paris in
1228, 107
Orosius, & text-book during the
Middle Ages, 21; his "Histories'
characterised by Ozanam, 22; pre-
pared at the request of Augustine,
ib.; description of the work, 23
Ottringham, master of Michaelhouse,
borrows a treatise by Petrarch, 433
Ouse, the river, its ancient and pre-
sent points of junction with the
Cam, 329, 330 ; its course as de-
scribed by Spenser, 330
Oxford, controversies in the schools
of, described by John of Salisbury,
56; university of, probable origin
of, 80; town of, burnt to the
ground in 1009, 82; early statutes
of, probably borrowed from those
of Paris, 83; teachers from Paris
at, ib.; students from Paris at, 107;
intercourse of, with university of
Paris, 134; monastic foundations
at, in the time of Walter de Mer-
ton, 165; intellectual activity of,
at the commencement of the 14th
century, 171; in the 14th century
compared with Paris, 196; takes
the lead in thought, in the 14th
century, 213; her claim to have
given the earliest teachers to Paris,
ib. n. 1; resistance offered by, to
archbp. Arundel, 259, n. 2; &
stronghold of Wyclifism, 271 ;
schools of, deserted in the year
1438, 297 and n. 2; want of schools
for exercises at, 299 ; divinity
schools at, first opened, 300; friends
of Erasınus at, 476; Erasmus's
account of, 490; state of feeling
at, with reference to the new learn-
ing, 523; changes at, 524; Greek
at, ib.; unfavorably contrasted by
More with Cambridge, 526; chair
of Greek founded at, ib.; outstrip-
ped, according to Croke, by Cam-
bridge, 534; eminent men of
learning who favored, ib.; styled
by Croke, colonia a Cantabrigia
deducta, 539; resigns its statutes
into Wolsey's hands, 549; contri-
butions of colleges of, to the royal
loan, 551, n. 1; Luther's writings
burnt at, 571; spread of the re-
formed doctrines at, by means of
the Cambridge colony, 604; un-
favorably compared with Cam.
bridge by Mr. Froude in connexion
with the question of the royal
divorce, 616; Cromwell's commis-
sioners at, 629
"Oxford fare,' not luxurious, 371
P
Pace, Rich., pleads the cause of the
Grecians at Oxford with Henry
VIII, 526; one of Wolsey's victims,
548; his character as described by
Erasmus, ib. n. 3
Pacomius, the monachism of, con-
trasted with that of the Benedic.
tines, 86
Padua, university of, its foundation
the result of a migration from
Bologna, 80
Paget, Wm., a convert of Bilney,
563; lectured on Melanchthon's
Rhetoric at Trinity Hall, ib.
Pain Peverell, changes the canons of
St. Giles to Augustinian canons,
163, n. 1; removes them to Barn-
well, ib.
Pandects, see Civil law
Pantalion, Anchier, his student life
at Paris, 130
Paris, Matthew, his account of the
riot in Paris in 1228, 107; his
description of the conduct of the
Mendicants, 147; manuscript of
his llistoria Major used, ib. n.
1; his testimony to the character
of Grosseteste, 153; his comment
on the nomination of Adam de
Marisco to the see of Ely, 224;
his account of a wonderful trans-
formation in the fen country, 334
Paris, university of, requirements of,
with respect to civil and canon
law, 38, n. 1; in the 12th century,
58; the model for Oxford and
Cambridge, 67; supplies important
presumptive evidence with respect
to their early organisation, 68;
chief school of arts and theology
in the 12th century, 71 ; first
known application of the term
university'to, ib.; compared with
that of Bologna, 75; theological
character of its early teaching, ib.;
its early discipline, 76 ; students
not permitted to vote at, ib. n. 2;
commencement of its first cele-
brity, 77; 'nations' in, 78; its
hostility to the papal power, 79;
its secular associations explained
by M. V. Le Clerc, ib.; conflict of,
with the citizens, in 1228, 106;
colleges of, ib.; sixteen founded
in the 13th century, ib. n. 4; sup-
pression of the small colleges at,
129; medieval education would -
have been regarded as defective
unless completed at, ib.; number,
of students at, towards the close
of the 16th century, 130; its in-
fluence in the thirteenth century,
132; students from, at Oxford and
Cambridge, 133; whether a lay or
clerical body always a disputed
question, 166, n.1-; nominalistic doc-
trines forbidden at, 196; transfer-
ence of leadership of thought from,
to Oxford, 213; indebted for its
first professors to the Oxford Fran.
ciscans, ib. n. 1; regains its influ."
ence in the 15th century, 276; cessa-
tion of its intercourse with Oxford
and Cambridge, 280; ceases to be
the supreme oracle of Europe, ib.;
causes of decline of, ib.; efforts
made by the popes to diminish her
prestige, 282; subsequent relations
of, to the English universities, 342;
assistance to be derived from its
statutes in studying the antiquities
of Oxford and Cambridge, 343; ma-
thematical studies at, in 15th cen-
tury, 352; reputation of, at com-
mencement of 16th cent., 474 ;
ceases to be European in its ele-
ments, ib. n. 2
Parker, Matthew, fell. of Corpus,
attended meetings at the White
Horse, 573
Parker, Rich., error in his History of
Cambridge with respect to the date
of the burning of Luther's books,
571, n. 5
Pura Logicalia, studied at Leipsic
and Prague, 282, n. 2; a part of the
Summulæ of Petrus Hispanus, 350 ;
why so called, ib. n. 4; not studied
in More's l'topia, 351, n. 1
Puschasius, Raibertus, his lament
over the prospects of learning after
the time of Charlemagne, 19; sig-
nificance of the doctrine respect-
ing the real presence maintained by,
40
Peacock, dean, his observations on
discrepancies in the different Sta.
tuta Antiqua, 110, n. 1; question
raised by, with reference to dis-
pensation oaths, 456 ; inaccuracy
in his statement with respect to
Christ's College, ib. n. 3
Pecock, Reginald, an eclectic, 290;
mistaken by Foxe for a Lollard,
ib.; really an Ultramontanist, ib.;
his belief in logic, 291; asserts the
rights of reason against dogma,
ib. ; repudiated the absolute antho-
rity of both the fathers and the
schoolmen, 292; advocated sub-
mission to the temporal authority of
the pope, ib.; denied the right of
individuals to interpret Scripture,
293; disliked much preaching, 294;
his eccentric defence of the bishops,
ib. ; offended both parties, 295; at-
tacks the doctrines of the Church,
ib. ; his enemies at Cambridge, ib.;
his character by prof. Babington,
ib. n. 2; possibly a political suf-
ferer, 296; his doctrines forbidden
at the university, ib. and n. 4
Pembroke College, foundation of,
236; earliest statutes of, no longer
extant, 237; outline of the revised
statutes of, ib. n. 2; leading fea-
tures of these statutes, 238; scho-
lars, in the modern sense, first
so named at, ib.; grammar first in.
cluded in the college course at, ib.;
limitations of fellowships to differ-
ent counties at, ib. ; preference to
be given to natives of France at, 239;
its reputation in the 15th century,
314; early catalogue of the library
of, 324; Fox, bp. of Winchester,
master of, 465
Pensioners, first admitted by statute,
at Christ's College, 459; evils re-
sulting from indiscriminate admis-
sion of, 624
Percival, Mr. E. F., his edition of
the foundation statutes of Merton
College, 159, n. 4; his assertion
respecting Roger Bacon, ib.; quoted,
on Walter de Merton's design in
the foundation of Merton College,
164, n. 1
Persius, lectures on, by Gerbert at
Rheims, 44; nine copies of, in
library of Christchurch, Canter-
bury, 104
Peter of Blois, account attributed to
him of the university of Cam.
bridge, spurious, 66
Peterhouse, foundation of, 228; be-
comes possessed of the site of the
friary De Pænitentia Jesu, 229;
final arrangement between, and the
brethren of St.John the Evangelist,
ib.; prosperity of the society, ib.;
patronised by Fordham, bp. of Ely,
ib.; early statutes of, given by Simon
Montacnte, 230; early statutes of,
copied from those of Merton Col.
lege, Oxford, ib.; character of
the foundation, 231; sizars at, ib.;
all meals at, to be taken in com-
mon, 232; the clerical dress and
tonsure incumbent on the scholars
of, ib.; non-monastic character of,
233; fellowships at, to be vacated
by those succeeding to benefices of
a certain value, 234; its code com-
pared by dean Peacock with those
of later foundations, ib. n. 1;
allowance for fellows' commons
at, in 1510, 254, n. 2; cardinal
Beaufort a pensioner at, 310; cata-
logue of the library of, ann. 1418,
324 ; illustration afforded by the
original catalogue of the library of,
370, n. 1; evils resulting from ex-
travagant living at, 460; Hornby
master of, 465
Petition of Parliament against ap-
pointment of ecclesiastics to offices
of state, 267
Petrarch, notice of the infidelity of
his day by, 124 and n. 2; com-
pares the residence at Avignon to
the Babylonish captivity, 195; his
interview with Richard of Bury at
Avignon. 201; his reproach of the
university of Paris, as chiefly en-
nobled by Italian genius, 214; scene
in the early youth of, 379; his esti.
mate of the learning of the uni.
versities in his day, 382; his in.
fluence, ib.; change in the modern
estimate of his genius explained,
383; his Latin style, ib. ; his ser.
vices to the study of Cicero, 381,
385, n. 1; his knowledge of Greek,
385; his instinctive appreciation
of Plato, 386; he initiates the
struggle against Aristotle, ib.; his
position compared with that of
Aquinas, ib.; rejected the ethical
system of Aristotle, 387; succes.
sors of, ib.; his prophecy of the fate
that awaited the schoolmen, 432;
copy of his Letters in the original
catalogue of the library of Peter-
house, 433
Petrus Hispanus, 176; not the ear-
liest translator of Psellus, ib.; nu-
merous editions of his Summulce,
178; theory enunciated by the trea-
tise, 180; its extensive use in the
Middle Ages, 350
Philelphus, his statement respecting
Greek learning at Constantinople
in the fifteenth century, 175, n. 1;
account given by, of Constantinople
in the year 1441, 390
Philip Augustus, decline of the epis-
copal and monastic schools com-
mences with his reign, 68
Philip the Fair, of France, his strug-
gle with Boniface viii, 194
Picot, sheriff, though a Norman,
founds secular canons at St. Giles,
163, n. 1
Pike, regarded as a delicacy in for-
mer days, 374, n. 2
Pisa, council of, representatives
from both the universities present
at, 276
Pisa, university of, founded in the
13th century, 80
Plague, the Great, 241; its effects on
the universities, ib.
Plague, the, often followed upon the
visit's of illustrious personages,
542, n. 2
Plato, Timous of, translated into
Latin by Chalcidius, 41; his theory
of Universals described by Por-
phyry as translated by Boethius,
52; Timæus of, probably meant in
catalogues of libraries at Bec and
at Christchurch, Canterbury, 104;
Dialogues of, brought by Wm. Gray
to England, 397
Pledges allowed to be given by stu-
dents, 144, n. 1
Plessis-Sorbonne, Collége de, founda-'
tion of, 129
Poggio Bracciolini, visits England in
the 15th century, 297; nature of
his impressions, 298; his descrip-
tion of the spirit in which the civil
law was studied in Italy, 319, n. 2;
his quarrel with the Fratres Ob.
serrantie, 337; exposes the ficti-
tious character of the Decretals,
420
Politian, professor of both Greek and
Latin at Florence, 429; his Miscel-
lanea, ib.; the classical lecturer at
C. C. C., Oxford, ordered to lecture
on the work, 521, n. 2
Polydore Vergil, not the sole author
of the statement that ascribed the
death of Stafford to Wolsey's re-
sentment, 518, n. 2
Pope, the, reason why his sanction
was originally sought at the found-
ation of a university, 78; at
Avignon, opposed by the English
Franciscans, 193; oaths imposeil
in early college statutes against
dispensations from the, with re-
spect to fellowship oath, 458
Porphyry, Isagoge of, lectures on, by
Gerbert at Rheims, 44; scholastic
philosophy owes its origin to a
sentence in, 50; the passage quo-
ted, ib.; the passage known to the
Middle Ages in two translations,
51; influence it was calculated to
exercise on philosophy, 53
Prævaricator, the, in academic exer-
cises, 356
Pragmatic Sanction, the, secures to
France independence of Rome,
281
Prague, university of, formed on the
model of Paris, 74 ; division into
nations at, 79, n. 2; founded in
connexion with the university of
Oxford, 215; its prescribed course
of study adopted by the university
of Leipsic, 282, n. 2; losses sus-
tained by Paris in consequence of
the creation of, 331; less distracted
by the nominalistic controversies,
416
Prantl, Carl, on the results of en-
couragement given by the emperor
Frederic to the new Aristotle, 98,
n. 1; his condemnation of the
scholastic Aristotle, 124; the au-
thor's obligations to his Geschichte
der Logik, 175; his observations
on the extensive influence of the
Byzantine logic, 179; his estimate
of Occam's philosophy quoted, 189
Preaching, neglect of, in the 15th
century, 437
Prichard, Jas. C., on distinction be-
tween use of the false Decretals by
Hincmar and Nicholas, 34, n. 1
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