Rule 5th.-No person shall be entitled to take books | given to him by the Librarian, and if not paid the fine shall be deducted from his deposit and no books be isout of the Library who has not deposited a sum of rupees to be applicable to the discharge of all claims sued to him until his deposit be completed. against him on behalf of the Library.

Rule 6th.-No person shall be entitled to take any books out of the Library until he shall have discharged all claims against him on behalf of the Library.

Rule 7th.-No deposit shall be returnable except under an order in writing of the Curators.

Rule 8th.-The Library shall be daily open (Sundays and the space of days immediately preceding the Annual Meeting of the Proprietors and subscribers in each year, only excepted) from

a m. to

p. m. Rule 9th. Any proprietor or 1st or 2nd class subscriber shall be entitled to have delivered to him 01 to his written order books from the Library if he provide a suitable bag or box for the secure conveyance of such books.

Rule 10th.-No person shall be entitled to have out of the Library at any time more than one set of works and one periodical without special leave of the

Curators.

Rule 11th.-Any works comprised in one volume and in general the works of any one author or set of authors published together shall be accounted a set of works, provided that in voluminous works the Curators shall have power in their discretion to limit the number of volumes which shall be taken out at any one time.

Rule 12th.-All works as received shall be entered in the Library Catalogue, and the titles thereof shall be conspicuously notified in the Public Room.

Rule 13th.-All new works shall also as received be entered in a book to be entitled a privilege-book, and such works shall be issuable to proprietors and subscribers who put their names under the respective entries according to the order in which they put down their respective names, provided that proprietors and 1st class Subscribers who put down their names within a month of the date of the receipt of such new work shall be allowed to take out such new works before any 2nd

class subscriber.

Any person shall be entitled to keep other works for double the above times, or until one day after he has received notice on the part of the Curators to return them.

Rule 16th.-Any Proprietor or subscriber taking away books without giving notice to the Librarian shall pay a fine of 5 rupees each volume for every day the same is kept out of the Library.

Rule 17th.-Any person not returning any book within the times limited by the Libraray Rules, shall pay a fine to be determined by the Curators not exceeding one rupee per volume for each day of such undue detention.

Rule 18th.-Any book found on return to the Library damaged shall be withdrawn from circulation until examined by the Curators, and the particular imperfection shall be notified in a conspicuous part of the book before it is re-issuable and the person in whose custody such book was when such damage occurred, shall be answer able to the Curators for such sum as they may determine. to be necessary to repair the same.

Rule 19th.-When any fine has been incurred by any person who has taken out books, notice thereof shall be

The report of the Curators being read, it was proposed by Col. Beatson, and seconded by Col. Dunlop"That the appointments of a Librarian and SubLibrarian which have been made by the Curators, be confirmed, and that the expenditure which has been incurred for book-shelves and library furniture, be sanctioned. Carried unanimously."

Moved by Col. Dunlop, and seconded by Baboo Russomoy Dutt

"That the Proprietors be requested to pay up their second instalment for the purposes mentioned in the report of the Curators. Carried unanimously."

Moved by Sir E. Ryan, and seconded by H. M. Parker, Esq.

That it be recommended to the Curators to lay out the sum of Sicca Rupees 6,000 in the purchase of popular and entertaining works, including periodicals, from time to time, as the Funds received shall allow. Carried unanimously."

Moved by Colonel Beatson, and seconded by Dr. Marshman

"That the late Curators be requested to prepare the list of valuable books which they consider wanting in order to complete this library to what it ought to be, with a view to their being procured when it may be practicable, with reference to the state of the funds. Carried unanimously.”

Moved by W. P. Grant, Esq., and seconded by Dr. Marshman

"

That the catalogue prepared by the Curators be printed forth with. Carried unanimously." Moved by

of

seconded and by

"That Doctor Strong be made an Honorary Member the Society with all the privileges of a proprietor. Carried unanimously."

Moved by Doctor Marshman and seconded by Colonel Beatson

"That the following gentlemen be elected as Curators for the ensuing year.

Amendinent moved by Sir E. Ryan, and seconded by Mr. Dickens

"That the number of Curators be reduced to three. Carried by a majority."

Moved by Sir E. Ryan, and seconded by Mr. Cameron

"That W. P. Grant, Esq., Col. Dunlop, and J. Kyd, Esq., he elected as curators for the ensuing year. Carried unanimously."

After which the following amendments were made in the printed Rules, viz

"Rule 5. No persons shall be entitled to take books out of the library who have not deposted the following sums. viz. Proprietors and 1st class Subscribers 20 Rs.; 2nd class Subscribers 10 Rs. Such sums to be applica ble to the discharge of all claims against him on behalf of the Library."

Rule 8. The Library shall be daily open (Sundays and the space of seven days immediately preceding the Annual Meeting of Proprietors and Subscribers in each year only excepted) from 9 A. M. till 6 P. M.

Rule 10. No proprietors or 1st class subscribers shall be entitled to have out of the Library at any one time more than two sets of works and one periodical, nor any 2d class subscriber more than one set of works and one periodical, without special leave of the Curators.

At a meeting of Merchants and others desirous of establishing a Steam Tug Association for running the Forbes and -new vessel, upon the River Hooghly.

Resolved, That an Association be formed from this date to be called the Calcutta Steam Tug Association.

That a Deed be prepared for the signature of every shareholder to the following effect:

1st.-Term of Association to be five years, with half yearly meetings for passing accounts and declaring dividends.

That the following gentlemen be on the Committee for the first year:

R. H. COCKERELL,
W. BRUCE.

K. MACKENZIE.

J. Dow.
DWARKANATH TAGORE.

That Messrs. Carr, Tagore and Co. do officiate as Secretaries, until the sense of the proprietors be taken upon the question.

That the proceedings be circulated for signature of each shareholder, with a request that he will signify 2d.-Capital to conist of two lakhs of rupees invested against his signature the number of shares he will in the purchase of two vessels,

The Forbes of 279 tons at 110,000 Rs.
New Vessel of 236 tons at 90,000

take.

That Captain Boothby's proposition being favourably considered by this meeting, be circulated among the proprietors generally.

That it is not considered advisable as a body to effect as re-insurance upon the vessels against river risks.

including her present engines, and the new boilers
expected from England, (with reference and subject
to a specification required of the builder,
garding her capacity, power, dimensions, materials,
term of being afloat, &c. &c.. to be reported upon by
professional men, being approved of by the proprietors
generally.)

R. H. COCKRELL, Chairman,

Messrs. Carr, Tagore and Co. on Wednesday the 2d
March, 1836-

3d.-Shares to be one thousand rupees each, not to At a Special Meeting of Proprietors held at the Office of be transferred without sanction of the majority of proprietors resident in Calcutta, with power to the Committee after ten days' notice, to sell share or shares of any proprietor, who shall not pay up any contribution. that may be voted necessary at a general meeting.

4th.-Votes of shareholders,..

1 for 1 share

2 5 ditto

3 10 ditto 4 20 ditto with no greater number of votes to any one shareholder. Votes may be given by proxy, the proxy being special or any and each particular question.

5th. To be conducted by a Committee of five proprietors, chosen by the majority of proprietors, to be reelected annually, under whose control the Secretary or Secretaries will conduct the management of all details of steaming, letting, repairing, receipt of bills, &c. under orders of the Committee (remuneration to be set tled at another meeting called for the purpose.)

6th.-Expenditure by the Secretaries or by the Committee not to exceed 10,000 rupees upon any one object without special sanction of a general meeting or vote of the majority of proprietors.

7th. All funds in hand exceeding ten thousand rupees, to be lodged in the Union Bank, or invested in Company's paper as the Committee shall think fit.

8th. The vessels to stand in the name of two Trustees for the Association.

Resolved.-That the following gentlemen be Trustees :
C. R. PRINSEP.

J. M. DOVE.

PRESENT.

Mr. McKillop, Mr. Martin, Mr. McKilligan, Mr. Crawford, Mr. W. Storm, Mr. Bruce, Mr. D. M. Gordon, Mr. Hurry, Mr. J. A. Currie, Mr. W. R. Young, Captain Sewell, Mr. James Young, Captain Boothby, Mookerjee, Muttoronauth Mullick, Mr. A. Syme. Hullodhur Mullick, Bussinaut Mullick, Ram Commul Sen, Russomoy Dutt, Callechunder Rose, Rajchunder

W. Bruce, Esq., in the Chair.

of last meeting, With reference to the proviso no. Resolved, 1st.---That Mr. Currie's offer be accepted the new vessel according to the specification and plan, with engines complete, as per Captain Forbes's report, for sicca rupees 80,000.

of

2d.---That the surplus capital subscribed, namely, the sum of 10,000 rupees, be held in reserve to meet the expenses of the cost and fittings of new boilers, over from Captain are agreed to be taken which charges. Currie, upon arrival from England, at prime cost and

3d.---That a deed be prepared forthwith for the signature of all concerned.

4th.---That the Committee make arrangements for binding Captain Currie to his contract before furnishing him with the advances for carrying on the work.---Calcutta Courier.

PARENTAL ACADEMIC INSTITUTION.

The Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the members and friends of the Parental Academic Institution, was held at the School rooms, Park-street, on Tuesday evening the 1st March.

On the motion of Mr. Beardsmore, seconded by Mr. W. Byrn, Dr. Corbyn was called to the chair. The report of the committee having been read by the Secretary, the following resolutions were unanimous ly passed.

On the motion of Mr. W. Kirkpatrick, seconded by Mr. J. De Penning.

1. That the report now read be approved, and published for general information.

On the motion of Mr. C. Pote, seconded by Mr. J. Graham.

2. That the results of the past year's operations appear to be highly satisfactory, and are of a nature to call for perseverance in labors attended with such public usefulness.

On the motion of Mr. W. Byrn, seconded by Mr. F. D. Kellner.

3. That this meeting joins with the report in the expression of grateful acknowledgments to Sir C. T. Metcalfe for that distinguished act of liberality which he has been pleased to exercise towards the institution. On the motion of Mr. M. Crow, seconded by Mr. J.

D. M. Sinaes,

4. That the aid and encouragement which have been extended to the institution, are circumstances

which call for the acknowledgments of this meeting to its friends and supporters.

On the motion of Mr. W. Ewing, seconded by Mr. G. T. F. Speed.

5. That the following gentlemen be elected a committee of management for the ensuing year: viz. Messrs. W. Byrn, W. Dacosta, C. Francis, J. Hill, J. Jacobs, F. D. Kellner, R. Kerr, C. W. Lindstead, J. A. Lo. rimer, H. Martindell, W. Stacy, W. Sturmer, J. Welsh, J. J. Wood; and that Mr. Wale Byrn be the Secretary for the ensuing year.

On the motion of Mr. H. B. Gardener, seconded by Mr. Kellner.

6. That with reference to the increased number of scholars, and the necessary additional labor imposed on the managers, the undermentioned gentlemen be added to the committee of management, viz. Messrs. J. DePenning, J. Graham, T. McDormond, P. Sutherland and S. Chill.

On the motion of Mr. Byrn.

7. That the thanks of this meeting be given to the Chairman for conducting the business of this meeting. The Report of the Committee commenced with a grateful acknowledgment of the service rendered to the Institution by Sir Charles Metcalfe, by generously paying 5,000 rupees towards the liquidation of the debt with which it was encumbered. This topic was noticed, as it deserved, by almost every one of the speakers on the occasion. The School now numbers 200 pupils.-Englishman,

AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF INDIA.

A general Meeting of this Society was held in the Town Hall, thismorning, Wednesday, 9th March, 1836. Present.

The President observed that the expense of renting aud maintaining a spot of ground, might be considered objectionable although the necessity of having it was indisputable--and as several members suggested, with THE HON'BLE SIR E. RYAN, President, in the Chair. reference to the perfect willingness of Dr. Wallich exHis Excellency General Sir H. Fane, G. C. B.; the pressed on some former occasion, previously to his deHon'ble Mr. Melville; Colonels Dunlop and Pres-parture for Assam, not only to spare ample room from grave; Messrs. Dobbs, Kyd, Gibbon, Leach, Storm, the outskirts of the Botanical Garden, but to give any Hare, Piddington, Grant, Masters, Bagshaw, and Bell such grants the benefit of his general superintendance, it was resolved that the Officiating Secretary place himself in communication with J. W. Grant, Esq., the Acting Superintendent, and solicit a portion (six beegahs) for the special purpose of propagating canes, and that Mr. Masters, who was present and offered all the aid in his power, be requested to point out a plot, and favor the Society with an estimate of the probable cost of maintaining it in good condition.

Visitor, Mr. G. A. Prinsep.

T. J. Turner, Esq., Commissioner in Bundelkund, and Charles Lyall, Esq., proposed at last meeting were duly elected Members by ballot.

Proposed.

Lieut. Meik, H. M. 49th Regt. ; proposed by Mr. A. Grant, seconded by Mr. Storm.

Mr. Bigge of Assam, proposed by Dr. Strong, seconded by Mr. Kyd.

The Meeting was unanimous in its desire to solicit the honor of having the Right Honorable Lord Auckland for its patron, and the President kindly undertook to convey to his Lordship the wishes of the Society.

The proceedings of the last meeting were read and confirmed.

The Officiating Secretary stated that he had received all the complete copies of the 2d volume of the transactions from the Serampore press.

The President read an extract of a letter to his address from the Officiating Secretary adverting to the Resolutions passed at last meeting, regarding supplies of sugar-cane from Mauritius, which Mr. Bell had since ordered, and proposing that a parcel of ground to the extent of six beegahs should be secured, fenced in, and holed after the West India method, to be in readiness for the reception of slips from Mauritius and Bombay, to form a nursery for supplying all applicants thereafter.

In connection with the growing enquiry for a superior cane, Mr. Bell presented to the Society fifty copies of his pamphlet on the culture of the cane and manufacture of Sugar in the West Indies for distribution to members who felt an interest in the subject.

The following communications were then read.

No. 1.-From H. Piddington, Esq., a most valuable paper on the soils suitable for Cotton, Tobacco, Sugar and the Tea plant, accompanied by samples of each description of soil which Mr. Piddington has with great perspicuity, and care analysed.

The results given by Mr. Piddington, show the absolute necessity of attending to the description of soil, before throwing away money on fruitless experiments.

The perfect similarity evidenced between the soil of Assam which produces the wild Tea plant, and that in which the best Teas of China flourish, is strikingly illustrative of the fact that in regard to Cotton, we have been going all wrong, in seeking for returns from land which is altogether unfitted for the development and perfecting of the pod. Leaf and flower can be always commanded but not produce.

On the soils suitable for Cotton, Tabacco, Sugar, the Tea plant, by H. Piddington.

and when the Bourbon is worth a shilling, are both cottons of hot climates like our own; and both these are grown in highly calcareous soils. The soil on the table before I preface what I have to say to the Society on the you is from the Mauritius; it is sent me by M. Geneve, soils placed on the table with a few remarks, which I of La Riviere Noire, one of the finest estates on the Istrust may be thought worth placing on record. My ob- land, as an excellent cotton soil, and contains 32 per ject in doing so is again to impress upon members of what cent. of carbonate of lime (or in plain English one-third vital importance it is to the advancement of the agricul- chalk) there is moreover phosphate and perhaps sultural interests of the country, and to the safety and suc-phate of lime; altogether perhaps not less than 40 per cess of every agricultural speculation, to procure sam- cent. of calcareous matter! Its iron too is in a peculiar ples of all soils from other countries in which valuable state, that of protoxide or the black oxide of iron; and products grow. in this respect it probably resembles the black cotton soils of Southern India. No wonder that the Bourbon The same climate and soil are, we know, in a greater cotton, though it grows in many of our gardens near or less degree, the essential requisites for obtaining the town, where it meets with plenty of calcareous matter productions of one country in another; and for our pre-amongst the lime-rubbish with which most of them are sent purpose we may perhaps say that plants find their filled, is said to degenerate when cultivated in the open food in the soil, and are enabled to digest it by the cli- fields which do not contain 2 per cent. of lime. I know mate. They do digest we know, and this in the strict- from the experience of several years, that it does not deest sense of the word. generate if it is duly supplied with calcareous matter; but that it will produce most abundantly, and for years, cotton worth from 10d. to 11d. per lb. in a proper soil. If the soil does not suit it, it will produce little else than leaves and wood and the staple will deteriorate. Samples of American cotton soils are wanting now to make our theory on this head perfect; but I would advise no man to attempt foreign cottons in a soil containing less than 15 per cent. lime, and its iron mostly in the state of protoxide or black oxide.

The popular ideas of climate are vague enough, but it may be roundly asserted that scarcely one who uses the word knows what is really meant by soil; or rather what is really meant by the the same soil." This arises from our vague notion of the thing itself. The very words used to distinguish soils express, more frequently than any thing else, their appearance and some of their physical qualities; scarcely any their essential-that is, their chemical properties. We talk of light and heavy, of sandy and clayey, moist and dry soils, which are all physical properties, and two clayey or two sandy soils may be actually as different as light and darkness from each other! The words ferruginous and calcareous are, it is true, chemical terms, but such vague ones that they designate whole classes of soils, of which each sort is widely different from its neighbours. The tea soils and the Arracan tobacco soils on the table are both ferruginous soils, but differing as widely as soils can do, for the iron in the one is a carbonate of iron and in the other the red oxide of iron.

TOBACCO.-Tobacco soils are the next, and here we are more fortunate, for there are on the table soils from Arracan (Sandoway); a soil from Singour in Burdwan, near Chandernagore, the tobacco of which, though of the same species as that of the surrounding country, sells at the price of the Arracan sort! and the soil of the best Bengal tobacco, which is grown at and about Hinglee in the Kisnagor district, near factories formerly held by me. Col. Hezeta and Dr. Casanova are our authorities for saying that the tobacco soils of the Havana are red soils and those of Manillia I know are also red soils. Now the red and reddish brown soils contain

mainly on the state and quantity of the iron in the soil; while it is indifferent about the lime which we have seen is so essential to cotton. None of these tobacco soils contain any lime. Their analysis shows them

to contain.

Arracan Singour Hingles

Oxide iron (peroxide).... 15-65
Water and saline matter...
Vegetable matter and fibres
Silex...
Alumina.

COTTON.-Nothing then but a sample of the soil and a correct analysis of it can assure the speculator that while most of their iron in the state of peroxide, or the reddish brown oxide of iron; while the light grey soils contain it he is trying to rear any given foreign product he is not only in the state of protoxide, or the black oxide of (misled by loose names) absolutely blundering in dark-iron. 1 believe the quality of the tobacco to depend ness, and attempting an impossibility. 1 begin with Cotton as a most prominent example, though my proofs on the subject are not quite so full as I could wish; and I shall surprise the Society not a little when I say, that all the expensive efforts which have been made hitherto to obtain good cotton have probably failed from this one cause. That we have been at work on the wrong soil! How far, with the American cottons, differences of climate may also have operated is not here the place to examine, but vegetable productions do, to a great extent, acclimate themselves; while it is probable that nothing can compensate to them the want of a principal constituent of the soil. Now I have not been able to obtain specimens of the American cotton soils, but I have good authority for stating that the soil of the Sea Islands is wholly a calcareous sand-in other words a light chalky or shelly soil; so that it may probably con- Water and Loss..... tain from 50 to 60 per cent. of calcareous matter (lime generally in the state of chalk) and we have been attempting to grow this cotton on a soil which barely contains a trace of it! The soil of the Botanic Garden, for instance, not containing more than 1 or 2 per cent. Indeed we may say generally that, till we reach the kunkur districts, none of the soils of Lower Bengal, out of the reach of the inundations, contain any great portion of lime. I showed some years ago that the inundations deposit lime, and that much of the fertillising effect they produce is due to it.

The American cotton is then, on account of differences of climate, a case not strictly in point, but the Bourbon cotton, grown both at Bourbon and the Mauritius, which sells for a shilling when the Sea Island sells or 13 d., and the Manilla cotton, which sells for 11d.

* Trans. of the Physical class As, So. Vol. I.

soil

soil

soil

10.60

6.00*

1.10

0.75

1.50

3.75

1.10

.75

76.90

60 65

87.25

2.00

two in the state of peroxide, and in the last as a protoxid necessity of a careful examination of the soil; and that of iron; rendering it highly probable that the flavour of the commercial public, who can do so much for us in the tobacco to the smoker depends on the state and quan- this way, will not neglect their own interests in protity of the iron it contains! for we have now, observe, trac- curing specimens of soils for us; for to go to work in ed the iron from the soil into the cheroot. Green cop- ignorance of this great element of success is absolutely peras water, which is a solution of sulphate of iron, is to blunder on in the dark where chemistry would lend often used by the American and English tobacconists us an unfailing light. and planters to colour and flavour their tobacco; and this would be decomposed by the potass of the tobacco, and sulphate of potass and carbonate of iron be formed. Carbonate of iron is of an ochre yellow colour. I took care to ascertain that this process had not been performed with the cheroots used for my experiment; and I do not believe our Bengal cheroot-makers know of this method.