PETRARCH BIBLIOGRAPHIES.

1835--8. Imanoscritti italiani della Regia Biblioteca Parigina descritti ed illustrati dal dottore An-pregiatissime Librerie, perchè ne adornassimo, ed accrescessimo tonio Marsand. Paris. 2 v. 4o.

va continuando dall' avvocato de' Rossetti. Trieste, 1834. 8o.

1820. Biblioteca petrarchesca [quadro cronologico delle edizioni del Canzoniere di Francesco Petrarca; Descrizione bibliografica e critica delle edizioni del Canzoniere seguendo l'ordine cronologico del quadro antecedente] [studio di A. Mar-logica di edizioni delle opere del Petrarca o da lui intitolate sand]. Padova. 80.

Inserted by Professor Marsand in his famous edition of the Rime (Padua, 1819-20. 2 V. 80) v. 2, pp. 292-444: It includes a "Proemio" (293-295) and a tabulated chronological list of editions of the Canzoniere (299-308) followed by the titles in full with descriptions (309-402). Then come three appendices, first an alphabetical list of commentators, with references to the editions containing their commentaries (405-411); second, a list of works having allusions to Petrarch (412-437); and finally, titles of translations, arranged by languages (438-444); This bibliography is also found in a reprint of the Marsand edition (Florence, 1826. 4 V. 24°), the "Proemio "Quadro cronologico" occupying pp. 221-239 of v. 3, and the "Descrizione bibliografica" pp. 45-234 of v. 4. It grew later into the important work published in 1826. 1822. Raccolta di edizioni di tutte le opere del Petrarca e di Enea Silvio Piccolomini, Pio II, [lavoro di D. Rossetti]. Venezia. sq. 12o.

"

and

The first of the Rossetti catalogues, printed by that zealous collector with a view of increasing his collections. It is not very conveniently arranged, the sections devoted to Petrarch alternating with those devoted to Pius II. The books are entered in a tabulated form, the columns containing successively the running number, year, place, printer and title. Three "collezioni are given, each with separate pagination, the pages allotted to Petrarch being 9-32, 6-39, and 11-44. The Petrarch titles number 520 and the portraits of Petrarch and Laura 90.

1826. Biblioteca petrarchesca formata, posseduta, descritta ed illustrata dal professore Antonio

Marsand. Milano. 4o.

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One of the most useful of the Petrarch bibliographies, although it includes few of the Latin works. The library of Professor Marsan (l. 1765, d. 1842), here catalogued, passed in 1826 into the possession of the French king Charles X, by whom it was deposited in the Tuileries. The prefatory matter of the volume is an introduction (pp. v-xiv) with "Annotazioni' (xv-xxii), a "Vita di Francesco Petrarca" reprinted from the 1471 edition of the Canzoniere (xxii-xxix) and the "Sermo habitus in exequiis domini Francisci Petrarcae a reverendissimo magistro Bonaventura de Padua anno domini MCCCCLXXIIII" [sic] (xxxi-xxxviii). Then follow the book titles, fully described, thus: "Parte prima, Edizioni del Canzoniere e de' Trionfi (pp. 1-145)," "Parte seconda, Scrittori intorno alla vita ed al canzoniere di Francesco Petrarca,' divided into three sections (147-231), the sheet being filled out by a "Breve ragionamento intorno al celibato di Laura" (231235), after which follows "Parte terza, Codici manoscritti delle poesie vulgari di Francesco Petrarca o che alla vita di lui partengono "in three sections (237-260), and two lists, one indicating the pages, in various editions, of the principal sonnets, canzoni, etc. to which reference is made in the book, the other enumerating the specially rare editions of the collection (261265). The volume closes with a full index of personal names (267-278), four plates illustrating the typography of early editions and a table of contents and erratum of the incorrect date previously assigned to the "Sermo" (279-281). Marsand's sale of the most complete and precious collection of Petrarchiana ever brought together proved to be a most unfortunate step. He doubtless thought that, once within the walls of the Tuileries, its preservation for all time was a matter of certainty. But it perished in the conflagration of a portion of that edifice kindled by the Paris communists. Nor does the transfer of the library to France seem to have been any the less luckless for the collector's reputation. The French evidently did not appreciate the act which added so greatly to the literary treasures of the nation. In the few sparing lines devoted to the Marsand Collection in Baudrillart's "Pertes éprouvées par les Bibliotheques publiques de Paris" (pp. 25-26) the collector is called Marsard, while even a much higher literary authority, the Michaud "Biographie universelle (nouv. éd. v. 32, p. 621, sub Pétrarque) corrupts his name into Marrand.

1832. Catalogo delle principali edizioni del Canzoniere preceduto da un cenno storicocritico intorno ad esse ed ai primarj comentatori [da C. Albertini]. Firenze. 8°.

Occurs in the edition of the Rime edited by Albertini (Florence, 1832. 2 V. 80) v. 2, pp. cxi-cxlv of the appendatory matter at the end of the volume. The arrangement of the 69 titles enumerated is chronological. The descriptive notes are in general meagre.

1834. Catalogo della raccolta che per la bibliografia del Petrarca e di Pio II è già posseduta e si

The second Rossetti catalogue. The contents are "Ai bibliofili ed ai libraj" (pp. vii-xii) —"Sezione prima, serie crono(1-42); Sezione secunda, serie cronologica di edizioni delle opere di Pio II o da lui intitolate" (45-54); "Sezione terza, serie alfabetica di opere accessorie o relative al Petrarca ed a Pio II" (55-94), followed by two appendices, one of additions and one of duplicates (95-96). A "Continuazione del Catalogo" of 6 (?) pp. was printed in 1839 (?) and is often found attached to the book. The number of purely Petrarch titles given is 707. As in Rossetti's catalogue of 1822 there are no descriptive notes.

1874. Catalogo delle opere di Francesco Petrarca esistenti nella Petrarchesca Rossettiana di Trieste; aggiuntavi l'iconografia della medesima; per opera di Attilio Hortis. Trieste. 4o.

The Rossetti collection, now a part of the Municipal Library of Trieste, is probably, since the destruction of the Marsand collection, the largest in existence relating to Petrarch. This admirably compiled catalogue includes only editions of works by Petrarch, the arrangement being pp. i-xiii "Di Domenico Rossetti e della Petrarchescha Triestina"; pp. 1-9, Opera omnia; 11-138, Rime volgari; 139-172, Opere latine; 173-178, Opere senza data; 178-188, Opere ascritte al Petrarca; 189-195, Manoscritti; 196-215, Iconografia. At the end are three plates, illustrative of the Trionfi, and a table of contents. The titles are arranged chronologically and the descriptive notes are astonishingly complete and accurate. An excellent photolithograph of the bust of Rossetti forms the frontispiece to this beautifully printed volume.

1874. Edizioni [dei Trionfi] esistenti nella communale biblioteca di Fermo [esaminate e collazionate dal professore C. Pasqualigo]. [Fermo.]

80.

Contained in the " Illustrazione di un Codice dei Trionfi di Francesco Petrarca esistente nella comunale biblioteca di Fermo e saggio di varianti per Filippo Raffaelli" ([Fermo], 1874. 80) number of titles is 36. Pp. xiv-xxviii. The descriptive notes are excellent.

The

[1875.] Cinquième centenaire de Pétrarque. Bibliographie: Publications françaises, provençales et italiennes. [Aix-en-Provence. ] 8o.

Separate reprint from the volume entitled "Fête séculaire et internationale de Pétrarque célébrée en Provence, 1874." (Aixen-Provence, 1875. 8.) It comprises a fairly complete list of the Petrarch publications of the centenary year, the title numbers reaching 125. The name of the compiler is not given.

1877. Bibliografia petrarchesca del Prof. G. J. Ferrazzi; edizione di soli 50 esemplari. Bassano. 80.

A most useful manual and the only bibliographical work which attempts to give a complete systematic view of the whole range of Petrarch literature. It is carefully classified by subjects, and the critical remarks in general leave little to be desired. Indispensable as it is it has some serious defects. The titles are not always given in full, the foreign ones are too often disfigured by misprints, and there is no index. It is to be hoped that these imperfections may be remedied by its distinguished author in a later edition.

In the third edition of Zambrini's invaluable work "Le Opere volgari a stampa del Secoli XIII e XIV" (Bologna, 1866. 80), which forms a part of the

Collezione di Opere inedite o rare," the Petrarch titles extend from p. 340 to p. 356. Other special lists, not mentioned above, are the "Brevi Notizie intorno agli Scrittori ed alle Edizioni delle Vite del Petrarca" in the 2d ed. of Baldelli's "Del Petrarca e delle sue Opere" (Florence, 1837. 8o), pp. xxixxiv; the "Serie cronologica delle Vite del Petrarca" in Rossetti's "Petrarca, Giulio Celso e Boccaccio" (Trieste, 1828. 80), pp. 285-312; a list of the editions and versions of the De Remediis, in the Italian translation by Dassaminiato, ed. by Stolfi and published as one of the "Collezione di Opere inedite o rare" (Bologna, 1867-8. 2 v. 8o), v. 2, pp. 41-43, partly extracted from the 2d Rossetti catalogue and not characterized by accuracy; and a much more valuable list of the editions of Petrarch's epistles in Fracassetti's "Lettere di Petrarca," (Florence, 1863-7. 5 v. 8o), v. i, pp.

19-21.

The publication of Brugsch's hieroglyphic dic- | Chrestomathie égyptienne (4 v. Paris, 1867-76), tionary (1867-8) gave a very noticeable impetus to partly published by his son, the vicomte Jacques de Egyptological researches of every kind, so that it is hardly too much to say that a greater advance has since been made, in linguistic investigation at least, than in the whole half century which followed the interpretation of the Rosetta inscription. The student of the ancient languages of Egypt has now at his command text-books far better than could be had a decade ago, and which make the pathway to a knowledge of the world's most remarkable historical monuments-hitherto so beset with difficulties-comparatively easy to traverse. The following brief notes are intended to indicate such of these later aids to the student-more particularly those of an elementary character-as are accessible in the University library. Grammars.

On the whole the elementary Egyptian grammar most clearly and conveniently arranged is Brugsch's Grammaire hieroglyphique (Leipzig, 1872), in which chapter i. describes the system of hieroglyphic writ- ing and gives the phonetic alphabet; chapters ii.-xv. treat, in detail, the parts of speech; chapters xvi. xix. relate to the syntax, and chapter xx. explains the formation and gender of the substantive. The first appendix consists of a complete classified list of the alphabetic and syllabic characters; the second is a table of all the principal general determinatives. This grammar likewise appears in a German edition. - Another work, of an equally high character, is that of the vicomte Emmanuel de Rougé, entitled

Rougé, after the death (1872) of the lamented author. Volumes i.-iii. are devoted to an "abrégé grammatical," the first containing an extremely lucid introduction on hieroglyphical writing and ending with a list of the figurative signs; the second treating the different parts of speech, with the exception of the verb, which occupies the whole of volume iii. In the various tables the hieroglyphic, hieratic and demotic characters are given side by side. Unfort unately these valuable volumes lack a special consideration of the particles and of the syntax, subjects doubtless reserved by the author for subsequent portions of the work. Volume iv. is taken up with the stèle of the Ethiopian king, Piankhi-Meriamen, conqueror of Egypt, upon which de Rougé expended much labor, the results of which were first published in the Revue archéologique (1861). Of this interesting inscription the volume gives the text, an interlinear transliteration and literal version, accompanied by complete and careful grammatical notes - thus making it an excellent first reading-book. The grammar of Brugsch and de Rougé ought to be studied pari passu. — The most valuable work, in English, treating the grammatical forms is Renouf's Elementary grammar of the ancient Egyptian language (London, 1875). A lithographed pamphlet by E. Y. Mc Cauley of the United States Navy, entitled A manual for the use of students in Egyptology, forms no. 110 of the "Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" (Philadelphia, 1881). It

contains the alphabet, determinatives, symbols, | of four goodly-sized quartos it has lately (1880-81) names of places and divinities, etc.-Professor Mas- been enlarged to six by the addition of a two-volume pero, the able successor of Mariette as superinten- supplement (vols. v. and vi.). It is singularly well dent of the Cairo museum and of the antiquities of lithographed ("autographed") from the author's Egypt, published, before the appearance of the third manuscript-a handwriting so distinct and beautiful volume of de Rougé, an extended treatise Des formes as almost to make the dictionary a work of art. de la conjugaison en égyptien antique, en démotique Illustrative groups and sentences from the hieroet en copte (Paris, 1871), which is still of service. glyphic records are abundantly quoted; the definiHis essay, Du genre épistolaire chez les Egyptiens de tions are given in German, French and Arabic; and l'époque pharaonique (Paris, 1872), contains letters the Coptic derivatives are always cited. This marfrom the papyri translated into French, with notes velous production, as has been stated, marks an partly syntactical in character but of value in other epoch in Egyptological investigation. A useful respects. For the Coptic language, which has abridgment of the first four volumes is Pierret's proved of such immense utility in deciphering the Vocabulaire hieroglyphique (Paris, 1875). It also records of ancient Egypt, and a knowledge of which includes the names of places given in Brugsch's vast is indispensable to the investigator, the student is Dictionnaire géographique de l'ancienne Égypte, fortunate in having access to so good a work as the and all the usual personal names. At the end is a Koptische Grammatik (Leipzig, 1880) of Stern, the convenient French-hieroglyphic vocabulary. principal disciple of Dr. Ebers. It is absolutely ex- hand use nothing can be better, and it has the adhaustive, treating even the dialects. A selection of vantage of being comparatively inexpensive. "Sprachproben" in prose and verse (pp. 422-440), Reference Works. an annotated bibliography of Coptic literature (pp. 441-447), and a full "Wortregister" (pp. 448-468) close this admirable volume. Throughout frequent references are made both to the older language and to Greek. Texts.

For

A most valuable book for ordinary consultation is the Dictionnaire d'archéologie égyptienne (Paris, 1875) by Pierret, comprising, in a compact form, explanations of all the terms in use in connection with the antiquities of Egypt, of the objects found in the temples and tombs, and of almost everything Besides volume iv. of de Rougé there are now entering into the life of the old Egyptians, as well several texts edited with such systematic care and as of the names of divinities, kings, and the chief clearness that they afford invaluable material for geographical localities. The compiler's long and study and practice. Among these are two by Mas- close study of the precious monuments preserved in pero, both with interlinear transliterations and word- the Louvre Museum, of which he is one of the cusfor-word versions, and with rich stores of grammat- todians, and his constant labors in the field of Egypical and analytic notes. They are L'inscription dé- tian philology have enabled him to make a manual, dicatoire du temple d'Abydos (Paris, 1867) and Une small in size but cyclopedic in character.-The Recenquête judiciaire à Thèbes au temps de la XXe dy-ords of the past (12 vols. London, 1874–81), edited nastie (Paris, 1871), the latter being a careful study by Dr. Birch, is devoted partly to Egyptology, partly of the well-known Abbott papyrus of the British to Assyrology. The alternate volumes, commencing Museum. Another work of the same kind is Devé- with the second, contain translations of many of the ria's edition of Le papyrus judiciaire de Turin et les principal Egyptian texts made by the most eminent papyrus Lee et Rollin (Paris, 1868), which originally Egyptologists, and are consequently of the highest appeared in the Journal asiatique (1865, no. 9). value for reference and comparison.-There are two In this facsimiles are given of the first two papyri notable historical handbooks. The first is Masmentioned in the title, both being in the hieratic pero's Histoire ancienne des peuples de l'Orient (2d character, a fact which makes the work in this re-ed. Paris, 1876), with well executed maps of the spect especially valuable to the learner. The Turin different countries at different epochs. The final papyrus-a model of hieratic calligraphy-is both chapter on "Les écritures du monde oriental" is a transliterated and translated.-Brugsch's Drei Fest- concise notice of the Eastern alphabets, syllabaries Kalender des Tempels von Apollinopolis Magna in and other written characters. A very complete inOber-Aegypten (Leipzig, 1877) comprises text and dex adds to the value of the work. The other histranslation, preceded by an introduction throwing torical reference book, of a more special kind, is A much light on the ecclesiastical calendar of the history of Egypt under the Pharaohs (2 vols. LonEgyptians.-The beautiful facsimile in colors of Le don, 1879) by Brugsch, translated by H. V. Seypapyrus de Neb-Qed (exemplaire hieroglyphique du mour and P. Smith, and amply illustrated with maps Livre des morts) published (Paris, 1872), with a and tables.-A recent work, somewhat popular in mythological introduction by Devéria and a transla- character, but most ably elaborated, is Maspero's tion by Pierret, affords the means of studying a Contes populaires de l'Égypte ancienne (Paris, 1881). hieroglyphic papyrus almost as accurately as from Of use, in connection with mythological studies, is the original itself.-Designed especially for students is the recently issued edition of Le décret trilingue de Canope (Paris, 1882) admirably annotated by Pierret and furnished with exact translations, not only of the hieroglyphic text but of the Greek and demotic as well, and with transliterations. - Dr. Birch, the distinguished English Egyptologist, has also prepared a convenient collection of Egyptian texts, for the use of students (London, 1877)-issued, like Renouf's Grammar, in the series of Archaic classics" - with translations and transliterations, a chapter on determinatives and lists of syllable signs and royal cartouches.

Renouf's recent book, The origin and growth of religion as illustrated by the religion of ancient Egypt (New York, 1880). - It is perhaps proper to add that the leading periodicals devoted to Egyptology are the Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Alterthumskunde (Leipzig), conducted since 1863 by Lepsius and Brugsch, the Recueil des travaux relatifs à la philologie et l'archéologie égyptiennes (Paris), begun by Maspero in 1870, and the Revue égyptologique (Paris) established in 1880 under the management of Revillout. These serials contain contributions by Lepsius, Brugsch, Ebers, Dümichen, Stern, Eisenlohr, Lauth, Licblein, Wiedemann, Chabas, de Rougé, Maspero, Pierret, Rossi, Lanzone, Birch, Brugsch's Hieroglyphisch-demotisches Wörterbuch Renouf and other noted Egyptologists of recent is really a monumental work. Consisting originally | date.

Dictionaries.