and Alexandria, 129. Banishes Athanasius, 133. The philoso-
phical fable of his Casars, delineated, 139. Meditates the conquest
of Persia, 143. Popular discontents during his residence at An-
tioch, 146. Occasion of writing his Misopogon, 150. His march
to the Luphrates, 154. He enters the Persian territories, 161.
Invades Assyria, 169. His personal conduct in this enterprise,
17+
His address to his discontented troops, 176. His success-
ful passage over the Tigris, 180. Burns his fleet, 183. His re-
treat and distress, 193. His death, 202. His funeral, 223.
Julian, Count, offers to betray Spain into the hands of the Arabs, ix.
467. His advice to the victorious Turks, 475.
Julian, the papal legate, exhorts Ladislaus, King of Hungary and Po-
land, to breach of faith with the Turks, xii. 159. His death and
character, 165.
Julius, master-general of the troops in the Eastern empire, concerts a
general massacre of the Gothic youth in Asia, iv. 419.
Jurisprudence, Roman, a review of, viii. I. Was published by Gre-
cian philosophy, 26. Abuses of, 109.
Justin the Elder, his military promotion, vii. 54. His elevation to
the empire, and character, 56. His death, 62.
Justin II. Emperor, succeeds his uncle Justinian, viii. 113. His firm
behaviour to the ambassadors of the Avars, 116. His abdication,
and investiture of Tiberius, as his successor, 135.
Justin Martyr, his decision in the case of the Ebionites, ii. 280. His
extravagant account of the progress of Christianity, 369. Occa-
sion of his own conversion, 372.
Justina, the popular story of her marriage with the Emperor Valenti-
nian examined, iv. 334. Her infant son, Valentinian II. invested
with the Imperial ensigns, on the death of his father, 336. Her
contest with Ambrose, archbishop of Milan, v. 40. Flies from
the invasion of Maximus, with her son, 48.
Justinian, Emperor of the East, his birth and promotion, vii. 54. His
orthodoxy, 59. Is invested with the diadem by his uncle Justin,
6c. Marries Theodora, 70., Patronises the blue faction of the
circus, 73. State of agriculture and manufacture in his provinces,
83. Introduces the culture of the silk-worm, and manufacture of
silk, into Greece, 97. State of his revenue, 100. His avarice
and profusion, 102. Taxes and monopolies, 105, 106. His mi-
nisters, 1cg. His public buildings, 112. Founds the church of
St Sophia at Constantinople, 117. His other public works, 122.
His European fortifications, 125. His Asiatic fortifications, 132.
He suppresses the schools of Athens, 143. And the consular dig.
nity, 152. Purchases a peace from the Persians, 156, 307. Un-
dertakes to restore Hilderic, King of Carthage, 158. Reduction
of Africa, 186. His instructions for the government of, 187. His
acquisitions in Spain, 203. His deceitful negociations in Italy,
210. Weakness of his empire, 270. Receives an embassy from
the Avars, 291. And from the Turks, 293. Persian war, 315.
His negociations with Chosroes, 337. His alliance with the A-
byssinians, 343. Neglects the Italian war under Belisarius, 352.
Settles the government of Italy under the exarch of Ravenna, 393.
Disgrace and death of Belisarius, 407. His death and character,
409.
Comets and calamities in his reign, 412. His Code, Pan.
dects, and Institutes, viii. 1. His theological character and govern
ment, 317. His persecuting spirit, 320. His orthodoxy, 324.
Died a heretic, 328.
Justinian II. Emperor of Constantinople, ix. 17.
Justinian, the son of Germanus, his conspiracy with the Empress So-
phie, and successes against the Persians, viii. 137, 138.
Juvenal, his remarks on the crowded state of the inhabitants of Rome,
v. 288.
Khan, import of this title in the northern parts of Asia, iv. 353. v.
King, the title of, conferred by Constantine the Great on his nephew
Hannibalianus, iii. 116.
Kindred, degrees of, according to the Roman civil law, viii. 75.
Kighthood, how originally conferred, and its obligations, xi. 37.
Koran of Mahomet, account and character of, ix. 267.
Kreish, the tribe of, acquire the custody of the Caaba at Mecca, ix.
246. Pedigree of Mahomet, 253. They oppose his pretensions
to a prophetical character, 286. Flight of Mallomet, 258. Battle
of Beder, 299.
Battle of Ohud, 301. Mecca surrendered to Ma-
homet, 307.
Labarum, or standard of the cross, in the army of Constantine the
Great, described, iii. 28,
Labeo, the civilian, his diligence in business and composition, viii. 25.
His professional character, 30
Lactantius, difficulties in ascertaining the date of his Divine Institu-
tions, iii. 238. note. His flattering prediction of the influence of
Christianity among mankind, 248. Inculcates the divine right of
Constantine to the empire, 250.
Ladislaus, King of Hungary and Poland, leads an army against the
Turks, xii. 157. His breach of faith with them, 158.
Ladislaus, King of Naples, harasses Rome during the schism of the
papacy, xii. 372.
Latus, prætorian-præfect, conspires the death of Commodus, and con-
fers the empire on Pertinax, i. 156, 157.
Laity, when first distinguished from the clergy, ii. 340.
Lampadius, a Roman senator, boldly condemns the treaty with Alaric
the Goth, v. 238.
Lance, holy, narrative of the miraculous discovery of, xi. 73.
Land, how assessed by the Roman Emperors, iii. 85. How divided
by the barbarians, vi. 353. Allodial, and Salic, distinguished,
357 Of Italy, how partitioned by Theodoric the Ostrogoth, vii.
Laodicea, its ancient splendour, i. 8.
Lascaris, Theodore, establishes an empire at Nice, xi. 253. His cha-
racter, 308.
Lascaris, Theodore II. his character, xi. 312.
Lascaris, Janus, the Greek grammarian, his character, aii. 13.
Latin church, occasion of its separation from the Greek church, xi.
169. Corruption and schism of, xii. 92. Re-union of, with the
Greek church, 111. The subsequent Greek schism, 145.
Latium, the right of, explained, i. 58.
Laura, in monkish history, explained, vi. 263.
Law, review of the profession of, under the Emperors, iii. 53-
Laws of Rome, review of, viii. 1. Those of the kings, 4. Of the
twelve tables, 6. Of the people, 11. Decrees of the senate, and
edicts of the prætors, 13. Constitutions of the Emperors, 16.
Their rescripts, 19. The three codes of, 20. The forms of, ibid.
Succession of civil lawyers, 23. Reformation of, by Justinian, 33.
Abolition and revival of the penal laws, 94.
Lazi, the tribe of, in Colchos, account of, vii. 327.
Le Clerc, character of his ecclesiastical history, viii. 265. note.
Legacies and inheritances taxed by Augustus, i. 263. How regulated
by the Roman law, viii. 79.
Legion, in the Roman army under the Emperors, described, i. 19.
General distribution of the legions, 27. The size of, reduced by
Constantine the Great, iii. 62.
Leo of Thrace is made Emperor of the East, by his master Aspar,
vi. 19. Was the first Christian potentate who was crowned by
a priest, 192. Confers the empire of the West on Anthemius, 193.
His armament against the Vandals in Africa, 199. Muiders As-
par and his sons, vii. 4.
Le 111. Emperor of Constantinople, ix. 25.
images in churches, 124. Revolt of Italy, 138.
Leo IV. Emperor of Constantinople, ix. 29.
Leo V. Emperor of Constantinople, ix. 37.
Leo VI. the philosopher, Emperor of Constantinople, ix. 55. Ex-
tinguishes the power of the senate, x. 134.
Leo, bishop of Rome, his character and embassy from Valentinian
III. to Attila, King of the Huns, vi. 131. Intercedes with Gen-
seric, King of the Vandals, for clemency to the city of Rome, 151.
Calls the council of Chalcedon, viii. 303.
Leo III. Pope, his miraculous recovery from the assault of assassins,
ix. 172. Crowns Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans, 173.
Leo IV. Pope, his reign, x. 64. Founds the Leonine city, 66.
Leo IX. Pope, his expedition against the Normans of Apulia, x. 267.
His treaty with them, 270.
Leo, archbishop of Thessalonica, one of the restorers of Greek learn-
ing, x. 157.
Leo, general of the East, under the Emperor Arcadius, his character,
v. 388.
Leo Pilatus, first Greek professor at Florence, and in the West, his
Iro, the Jew proselyte, history of his family, xii. 315.
Leonas, the quæstor, his embassy from Constantius to Julian, iv. 21.
Leonine city at Rome founded, x. 66.
Leontius is taken from prison, and chosen Emperor of Constantinople,
on the deposition of Justinian 1. ix. 18.
Leovigild, Gothic King of Spain, his character, vi. 296. Revolt and
death of his son Hermenegild, 298.
Letters, a knowledge of, the test of civilization in a people, i.
352.
Lewis the Pious, Emperor of the Romans, ix. 188.
Lewis II. Emperor of the Romans, ix. 189. His epistle to the Greek
Emperor, Basil I. x. 248.
of the Emperor Julian, iv.
Applauds the dissimulation
Libanius, his account of the private life
38. And of his divine visions, 77.
of Julian, 79, 80. His character, 151, His eulogium on the Em-
peror Valens, 411.
Liberius, bishop of Rome, is banished by the Emperor Constantius,
for refusing to concur in deposing Athanasius, iii. 375 390.
Liberty, public, the only sure guardian of, against an aspiring prince,
i. 95.
Licinius is invested with the purple by the Emperor Galerius, ii. 208.
His alliance with Constantine the Great, 237. Defeats Maximin,
238. His cruelty, 239. Is defeated by Constantine at Cibulis,
246. And at Mardia, 247. Peace concluded with Constantine,
249. Second civil war with Constantine, 255. His humiliation
and death, 263.
fate of his son, iii. III. Concurred with Constantine in
publishing the edict of Milan, 244. Violated this engagement by
oppressing the Christians, 252. Cæcilius's account of his vision,
261.
Lieutenant, Imperial, his office and rank, i. 101.
Lightning, superstition of the Romans with reference to persons and
places struck with, ii. 97.
Limigantes, Sarmatian slaves, expel their masters, and usurp possession
of their country, iii. 126. Extinction of, by Constantius, 198.
Literature, revival of, in Italy, xii. 119. Ancient use and abuse of,
138.
Lithuania, its late conversion to Christianity, x. 243.
Litorius, Count, is defeated and taken captive in Gaul by Theodoric,
vi. 96.
Liutprand, King of the Lombards, attacks the city of Rome, ix.
146.
Liutprand, bishop of Cremona, ambassador to Constantinople, cere-
mony of his audience with the Emperor, x. 125.
Logos, Plato's doctrine of, iii. 515. Is expounded by St John the
Evangelist, 318. Athanasius confesses himselt unable to compre-
hend it, 322. Controversies on the eternity of, 328.
Logothete, Great, his office under the Greek Emperors, x. 122.
Lombardy, ancient, described, i. 33. Conquest of, by Charlemagne,
Lombards, derivation of their name, and review of their history, vi.
274. Are employed by the Emperor Justinian to check the Ge-
pida, 276. Actions of their King Alboin, viii. 117. They re-
duce the Gepidæ, 121. They over-run that part of Italy now
called Lombardy, 126. Extent of their kingdom, 147. Lan-
guage and manners of the Lombards, 148. Government and laws,
155, 156.
Longinus, his representation of the degeneracy of his age, i. 94. Is
put to death by Aurelian, ii. 43.
Longinus is sent to supersede Narses, as exarch of Ravenna, viii. 125.
Receives Rosamond, the fugitive Queen of the Lombards, 132.
Lothaire I. Emperor of the Romans, ix. 189.
Louis VII. of France is rescued from the treachery of the Greeks by
Roger, King of Sicily, x. 316. Undertakes the second crusade,
His disastrous expedition, 113.
Louis IX. of France, his crusades to the Holy Land, xi. 158. His
death, 163. Procured a valuable stock of relics from Constanti-
nople, 278.
Lucian, the severity of his satire against the heathen mythology ac-
counted for, i. 49.
Lucian, Count of the East, under the Emperor Arcadius, his cruel
treatment by the præfect Rufinus, v. 146.
Lucian, presbyter of Jerusalem, his miraculous discovery of the body
of St Stephen, the first Christian martyr, v. 128.
Lucilian, governor of Illyricum, is surprised, and kindly treated by
Julian, iv. 28. His death, 232.
Lucilla, sister of the Emperor Commodus, her attempt to get him
assassinated, i. 147, 141.
Lucius II. and III. Popes, their disastrous reigns, xii. 269.
Lucrine lake described, with its late destruction, v. 270. 271. note.
Lucvil villa in Campania, its description and history, vi. 229.
Lupercalia, the feast of, described, and continued under the Christian
Emperors, vi. 197.
Lupicinus, the Roman governor of Thrace, oppresses the Gothic emi-
grants there, iv. 385. Rashly provokes them to hostilities, 389.
Is defeated by them, 390.
Lustral contribution in the Roman empire explained, iii. 94.
Luther, Martin, his character, as a reformer, x. 189.
Luxury, the only means of correcting the unequal distribution of pro-
perty, i. 8.
Lygians, a formidable German nation, account of, ii. 9.
Lyons, battle of between the competitors, Severus and Albinus, i. 192.
Macedonius, the Asian bishop of Constartineple, his contests with his
competitor Paul, iii. 393. al consequences on his removing
the body of the Emperor Constantine to the church of St Acacius,
His cruel persecutions of the Catholics and Novatians, 397-
His exile, viii. 315,
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