publication of a letter to Lord Castlehaven, containing remarks on this lord's "Memoirs of his Engagement and Carriage in the Irish Wars," which gave offence to the Duke of Ormond, and was complained of by him to the king. The king, on receiving the Duke of Ormond's complaint, determined to have the matter heard in council, and ordered that a copy of the complaint should be sent to Lord Anglesey, and that he should be summoned to attend a council at Hampton Court to make answer to the Duke of Ormond's charges. After several councils held, a resolution was passed, on the 27th of July, 1682, that Lord Anglesey's letter to Lord Castlehaven was "a scandalous libel against his late majesty, against his now majesty, and against the government." A similar censure was subsequently passed on Lord Castlehaven's book. [TOUCHET, JAMES, EARL OF CASTLEHAVEN.] The privy seal was afterwards taken from Lord Anglesey and given to the Earl of Halifax. The writer of the life of the Earl of Anglesey in the "Biographia Britannica" represents this letter to Lord Castlehaven merely as a pretext, and a memorial presented by his lordship in the year 1682 to Charles II., against the policy which he was then pursuing, to have been the real cause of his disgrace. But this conjecture, which is apparently designed in order to exalt Lord Anglesey's political independence, is overthrown by the title under which this memorial was afterwards, in the reign of William and Mary, published by Lord Anglesey's son-in-law, Lord Haversham, namely, "The Earl of Anglesey's State of the Government and Kingdom, prepared and intended for His Majesty King Charles the Second in the Year 1682; but the Storm impending growing so high prevented it then." After his dismissal from office, Lord Anglesey retired to his books and to the composition of a history of the wars in Ireland, and lived either at his seat at Blechingdon in Oxfordshire, where he had collected a large and curious library, or at a villa at Totteridge, near London, which he honoured with the name of his Tusculanum. After the accession of James II. he obtained this king's favour. The following extract from Lord Anglesey's diary, which has been lost, preserved by Sir Peter Pett in his " Epistle Dedicatory" to the Memoirs," shows the terms on which he was with James at the very beginning of his reign. "On March 8. 85 (1685), spent most at home in business and duty (i. e. prayer). In the evening was private with the Lord Sunderland, my good friend; and then was with the king a full hour at Mr. Chiffinches, who was very kind, free, and open in discourse; said he would not be priest-ridden, read a letter of the late king, said I should be welcome to him." Lord Anglesey died on the 6th of April, 1686, in the seventy-third year of his age. "His friends supposed," says Sir Peter Pett, "that had he lived a month longer he would have been lord chancellor, and that his zeal for his religion suffered no diminution thereby." Lord Anglesey appears to have been an honest man, but to have possessed no great talent or judgment. Unfavourable characters have been drawn of him by Bishop Burnet, Anthony à Wood, and Horace Walpole; but all these writers were prejudiced against him. Bishop Burnet is angry with the opponent of the Exclusion Bills, Anthony à Wood with the statesman who was tolerant of dissenters, and Horace Walpole with the parliamentarian of the civil wars. "That his lordship sailed with the times," says Horace Walpole, "remains notorious. Those principles must be of an accommodating temper which could suffer the same man to be president of a republican council of state, and recommend him for chancellor to an arbitrary and popish king." That he was president of the council of state, which, being appointed before the end of the Commonwealth, may be called republican, is true: but this council of state was chosen with a view of bringing about the Restoration, and effectually contributed to that end. The story of his being likely to be appointed chancellor to James II. is a very improbable one, and rests only on Sir Peter Pett's authority, which is none at all. At the same time his career cannot be called a consistent one, while yet it is not, perhaps, more inconsistent than is to be accounted for by vanity interfering with good intentions. Anthony à Wood tells us that he was looked upon as a peculiar support of the Protestant Dissenters, which is no inconsiderable merit in a statesman of his time. He was a great lover of books, and a diligent student of the laws of England and of theology. writing is very stiff and pedantic. His The following is a list of Lord Anglesey's writings. 1. Truth unveiled, in Behalf of the Church of England, being a Vindication of Mr. John Standish's Sermon before the King, and published by His Majesty's Command; to which is added, a short Treatise on the Subject of Transubstantiation," 1676. 2. "A Letter from a Person of Honour in the Country, written to the Earl of Castlehaven, being Observations and Reflections on his Lordship's Memoirs concerning the Wars of Ireland," 1681. 3. "A Letter of Remarks upon Jovian," 1683. 4. "The King's Right of Indulgence in Spiritual Matters, with the Equity thereof asserted," 1687. 5. "Memoirs, intermixed with moral, political, and historical Observations, by way of Discourse, in a Letter (to Sir Peter Pett); to which is prefixed a Letter written by His Lordship during his Retirement from Court, in the Year, 1683, published by Sir Peter Pett, Knight, Advocate-General for the Kingdom of Ireland," 1693. 6. "The Earl of Angle sey's State of the Government and Kingdom, prepared and intended for His Majesty Charles the Second, in the Year 1682; but the Storm impending growing so high prevented it then. With a short Vindication of His Lordship from several Aspersions cast on him, in a pretended Letter that carries the Title of his Memoirs, by Sir John Thompson, Bart., afterwards Lord Haversham." (This is printed in " Somers' Tracts," viii. 343., and in the Appendix to the "Parliamentary History of England," vol. iv.) 7. "The Privileges of the Houses of Lords and Commons argued and stated in two Conferences between both Houses, April 19th and 22d, 1671; to which is added a Discourse, wherein the Rights of the House of Lords are truly asserted; with learned Remarks on the seeming Arguments and pretended Precedents offered at that time against their Lordships." There is no reason whatever for doubting the authenticity of the letter published by Sir Peter Pett, though the title given to it of Memoirs" is absurdly inappropriate. The "History of the Wars in Ireland," to the composition of which Lord Anglesey had given much time and care, and which would have been a valuable work, proceeding from one who had so much personal knowledge of the subject, has unfortunately perished; as also his lordship's Diary, which is mentioned by Sir Peter Pett as having been in the possession of Mr. Ryley, after Lord Anglesey's death. (Wood, Athena Oxonienses, iv. 181.; Biographia Britannica, both editions; Horace Walpole, Royal and Noble Authors; Banks, Extinct Peerage, iii. 11.; Lord Anglesey, Memoirs, published by Sir Peter Pett, 8vo. 1693.) : standing he that presented him to that degree (who did swear that he knew him to be ‘aptus, habilis, et idoneus') did take a hard oath for him." He left the university in 1639, and was ordained by a bishop at a later period of his life he received Presbyterian ordination. In 1644 he was appointed chaplain to the Earl of Warwick, the lord high admiral, with whom he went to sea. Between this time and 1648, he obtained the living of Cliffe, in Kent, in place of the ejected minister, Dr. Griffith Higges, whom Wood calls an honest man, but Dr. Williams declares to have been notoriously scandalous. At all events, whether by his honesty or by his laxity, Dr. Higges had become so popular with his parishioners, that they assaulted Annesley on his first appearance among them with spits, forks, and stones, and threatened him with death. He replied, with courage, that "let them use him how they would, he was resolved to continue with them, till God had fitted them by his ministry to entertain a better, who should succeed him; but he solemnly declared, that when they became so prepared, he would leave the place," a promise which he afterwards redeemed. This living was worth four hundred pounds a-year, and was also a peculiar, having a court held by the incumbent, who decided all questions relating to wills, marriages, and other matters of ecclesiastical law. In consideration of this jurisdiction, and at the instance of the Earl of Pembroke, the university of Oxford conferred upon Annesley the degree of doctor of law, an act which "his contemporaries in Queen's college," says Wood, "looked upon as the most scandalous thing in nature, because they knew very well that he knew nothing at all of the law." This was in 1648; and in July of the same year, Dr. Annesley preached a fast sermon before the House of Commons, which was printed by their order; ANNESLEY, REV. SAMUEL, LL.D., in which he made very severe remarks upon or, as Wood states that the name was ori- the king, then a prisoner in the Isle of Wight, ginally written, ANELEY, was born at Kenil- and even went so far as to hint at his exeworth, in Warwickshire, A. D. 1620. He was cution. On the 25th of August in this year, of a good family, being first cousin to Arthur he again accompanied the Earl of Warwick, Annesley, earl of Anglesey, and he inherited who sailed to Holland in the pursuit of the a considerable estate. When he was four ships that had gone over to Charles II. A years old his father died, leaving him to the short time after, he resigned his living in care of a sensible and pious mother, under Kent, according to his promise to the people, whose influence he imbibed, from his very who now, however, wished him to remain infancy, not only firm religious principles, with them. In 1652, he was chosen minister but also a strong desire to become a minister by the parishioners of St. John the Evanof religion. It is said that, when a child, he gelist, Friday Street, London. In 1657, the dreamed that he had entered upon the sacred Protector Oliver appointed him preacher at office, and that he was sent for by the Bishop St. Paul's: in the following year Richard of London, to suffer martyrdom by fire. At Cromwell gave him the living of St. Giles, the age of fifteen, at Michaelmas term, 1635, Cripplegate; and on the 14th of March, 1659, he entered Queen's college, Oxford, where he was appointed by act of parliament one he became noted for his great temperance. of the commissioners for the approbation and Wood, who writes of Annesley with more admission of ministers of the gospel after the than his usual prejudice, says that, "with Presbyterian mode. The latter office ceased much ado, being naturally dull, yet industri- of course at the Restoration, in 1660; and ous, he got to be bachelor of arts, notwith- about the same time, Dr. Annesley was de W. D. C. ANNESLEY, BRIAN. [ANSLAY, BRIAN.] prived of his lectureship at St. Paul's. He was ejected from his living of Cripplegate, by the Act of Uniformity, in 1662; but he still continued to preach as opportunity offered, suffering at times his share of the penalties attached to Nonconformity, till the declaration of indulgence, in 1672, when he licensed a meeting-house in Little St. Helen's, where he gathered a flourishing Presbyterian congregation, of which he continued the pastor till his death. In 1694 he became one of the lecturers at Salters' Hall. He died on the 31st of December, 1696, in his seventyseventh year. Dr. Daniel Williams preached his funeral sermon, and afterwards published it, with an account of his life. According to Dr. Williams's estimate of his character, Dr. Annesley was an eminent theologian, particularly skilful in resolving cases of conscience, and a most laborious and useful minister. He laid aside a tenth part of his income for charitable purposes; and several ministers were educated at his expense. Baxter pronounced upon him the following simple eulogy: “ Dr. Annesley is a most sincere, godly, humble man, totally devoted to God." He left a son and two daughters, the younger of whom was married to the Rev. Samuel Wesley, and became the mother of the celebrated John Wesley, and of his brothers, Charles and Samuel. Dr. Annesley's published works consist for the most part of sermons. He edited a collection of the "Morning Exercises at Cripplegate, or, Several Cases of Conscience practically resolved by sundry Ministers," 4 vols. London, 1661, to each volume of which he wrote a preface. He also wrote a preface to Richard Alleine's "Instructions about Heart Work," and another, in conjunction with Dr. Owen, to Elisha Cole's" Practical Treatise of God's Sovereignty." (Williams, Funeral Sermon for Dr. Annesley; Wood, Athena Oxonienses, ii. p. 966.; Calamy, Continuation.) P. S. ANNETSBERGER, FRANZISCA, a clever Bavarian miniature painter. She lived at Munich in 1814, and was distinguished there by the title of a painter to the court, Hofmalerin. (Nagler, Neues Allgemeines Künstler Lexicon.) R. N. W. A'NNIA GENS. The Annii were not originally a Roman family. The name Annius appears late in the Fasti, and after two consulships (B. c. 153, 128) does not occur again until A. D. 108. They were a plebeian family, and at first there was probably no distinction between the Annii, the Anneii, and the Annæi. Of these forms, however, Annius was the most ancient, Annæus the most recent. Annius was apparently a widely-extended gentile name, being found both in Umbria and in Latium. The first Annius mentioned in history is L. Annius of Setia, one of the two prætors of Latium in B. c. 340. He came in that year to Rome with instructions from the Latin Diet to demand the equal incorporation of Latium; so that the senate and the higher magistracies should be equally divided between the two states, Rome being the capital city, Romans the national name. The consul, Manlius Torquatus, on the part of the senate indignantly rejected these proposals; and Annius, in quitting the senatehouse, fell headlong down the steps which led to the Forum, and was killed or stunned by the fall. The annalists whom Livy followed apparently regarded the fall of Annius as the punishment of his arrogance in proposing to equalise Rome and Latium, or of his impiety in derogating in his speech to the senate from the majesty of the Capitoline Jupiter. Those who related that he was merely stunned had probably read in some older record that Annius commanded the Latins in the war that followed with Rome. (Livy, viii. 3—6.) In the seventh century of Rome, C. Marius the elder procured the full franchise for M. Annius Appius of Camerinum (Camerino) in Umbria, in consideration of the ancient and equal treaty existing since the Etruscan war, B. c. 308 (Livy, ix. 26.; Orelli, Inscription. No. 920.), between the Romans and the Camertians. Among other members of the Annian family, whose connection with one another cannot be traced, are, in the republican period, Annius, a freedman, father of Cnæus Flavius, the celebrated clerk of Appius Claudius Cæcus in his censorship, B. c. 312. (Piso, Annal. 3., quoted by Gellius, Noctes Attica, vi. 9.); P. Annius a military tribune, the murderer of M. Antonius the orator, B. C. 87 (Plutarch, Marius, 44.; Appian, Civil Wars, i. 72.); and C. Annius Cimber, a boon-companion of the triumvir M. Antonius, and an indifferent poet, rhetorician, and historian, as well as, according to Cicero, a man of infamous character. The father of Cimber was a Greek, named Lysidicus, and Cicero says (Philippic. xi. 6. 14.) that the name was equally appropriate to the son, who had broken every law (Avoidikos). He also calls him Philadelphus, for Annius was suspected of having made away with one of his brothers. He had, however, been one of the numerous prætors appointed by Julius Cæsar. (Suetonius, Julius, 41.) An epigram attributed to Virgil styles Annius, in reference to his historical labours, the British Thucydides (Virgil, Catalecta, 2., Heyne's note; Quintilian, viii. 3. 27., Spalding's note.); and Augustus, in a letter to Tiberius, points out Annius as a writer whose obscure and affected idiom was especially to be avoided. (Suetonius, Octavius, 86.; J. G. Huschke, De C. Annio Cimbro, Lysidici Filio, Rostochii, 1824, 4to.) From a comparison of Polybius, iii. 40. with Livy, xxi. 25., it appears that a T. Annius, after his prætorship, was appointed with other commissioners (triumviri) to establish colonies at Placentia (Piacenza) and Cremona in B. c. 218, and that in the following year his colleagues and himself were besieged in Mutina (Modena), and afterwards made prisoners and detained as hostages by the Boian Gauls. The BELLIENI were a numerous branch of the Annia Gens, but of little historical importance, and impossible to affiliate. C. Annius Bellienus, contemporary with the elder C. Marius. In more peaceful times than those of the Marsic and civil wars (B. C. 90-82) his eminence in the law would probably have raised him to the consulship. (Cicero, Brutus, 47.) L. Annius Bellienus was executed in B. C. 64 with the other confederates of L. Sergius Catilina. Cicero, according to Asconius, calls Annius the uncle of Catilina. He had been a staunch partisan of the dictator Sulla, and slew with his own hand Lucretius Ofella, when a candidate for the consulship in opposition to Sulla's wishes. (Asconius in Oration. in Toga Candida, p. 92, Orellius ed.; Plutarch, Sulla, 33.) L. Annius Bellienus, probably a son of the preceding, was attached to the party of Cn. Pompeius. His house was plundered and burned in the disturbances which attended and followed Cæsar's funeral. (Cicero, Philippic. ii. 36.) The ANNII LUSCI appear more frequently in the Fasti and the history of Rome during the republic than any other branch of the Annia Gens; and an intermarriage with the Papian family, of which the fruit was T. Annius Milo, the well-known tribune of B. c. 57, and the adversary of P. Clodius, connects them with an eventful period of Rome. The appellation Luscus, a person who can see better in shadow than in sunshine (Festus, Luscitio, p. 120. Mueller edit.; Luscini, Pliny, Hist. Nat. xi. 55.; Nonius, p. 135. 10. Lusciosi; Fulgentius, p. 561. 19. Luscitiosos; NUкTáλwy, Aristotel. Genera Animalium, v. 1. 27, 28. Bekker. edit.), like many other Roman agnomina (e. g. Pætus, Strabo, &c.), was doubtless derived from the ocular imperfection of some remote ancestor. The affinity of the Annii Lusci is only partially known. T. Annius Luscus (3.) was consul in B. C. 153, and of some reputation for eloquence. (Cicero, Brutus, 20.) He was an opponent of the Gracchi, and a few words of his speech against Tiberius Gracchus are preserved by Festus (Satura). Pighius (Annales ad v. c. 620) erroneously ascribes a prætorship in this year to Annius; and it may be added that Pighius, in his account of the magistracies of the Annii Lusci, is more fanciful than accurate. The usual reading of the article Religionis" in Festus would make Annius the colleague of M. Fulvius Nobilior in the censorship of B. C. 136; but this does not agree with the Fasti; and Mueller, in his recent edition of "Festus for Annius reads Emilius Lepidus. (p. 285.) (Westermann, Roemisch. Beredsamkeit, § 38. 3.; Meyer, Orator. Roman. Fragment. p. 100.) Annia married 1. L. Cornelius Cinna, Cos. iv. B. c. 84. 2. M. Piso Calpurnianus, Cos. B. c. 61. C. Annius Luscus (4.), son of T. Annius Luscus, consul in B. c. 128. He was placed in command of the garrison of Leptis, in Numidia, by the proconsul Metellus, during the Jugurthine war, B. c. 108. He was prætor about B. c. 83-2; and in B. c. 81 was sent by Cornelius Sulla with proconsular rank into Spain to attack Sertorius. Annius, after the murder of Julius Salinator, forced the passes of the Pyrenees, and drove Sertorius to New Carthage, and for a time out of Spain. From extant coins it is known that L. Fabius and Q. Tarquitius were the quæstors of C. Annius in his Spanish campaign. (Sallust, Jugurthine War, 77.; Plutarch, Sertorius, 7.; Eckhel, Numismat. Veter. Doctrin. 5. p. 134.) Under the emperors the name Annius occurs in various new combinations: (1.) attached to the gentile name Libo, which This stemma is compiled partly from the Life of M. Aurelius Antoninus in the Augustan History and partly from Eckhel," Numismat. Veter. Doctrina." But the consulships of the Annii do not in all cases agree with the Capitoline Fasti, many of them doubtless being merely supplementary consuls (consules suffecti). ANNIBAL. [HANNIBAL.] 66 ANNIBALE, surnamed PATAVINUS or PADOVA'NO, from the place of his birth, was one of the most celebrated organists of the sixteenth century, as well as a skilful perAt the former on the lute and the clavier. age of twenty-five he was appointed organist of St. Mark's at Venice, which situation he filled for more than thirty years. Of his compositions there were printed-1. "Liber primus Motettorum, 5 et 6 Voc." Venice, 1576. 2. "Cantiones a 4 Voc." Venice, 1592. 3. Madrigali a 5 Voc." Venice, 1583. (Fetis, Biographie Universelle des Musiciens.) E. T. ANNIBALLIA'NUS, FLA'VIUS CLAU'DIUS, was nephew of the Emperor Constantine the Great, and brother of the Cæsar Dalmatius. He was born at Toulouse. His uncle caused him and his brother Dalmatius to be educated with his own sons, bestowed on Anniballianus the title of nobilissimus, and accompanied it with the gift of a purple and gold robe. He received also from Constantine the singular and unprecedented appellation of King, but in what relation it stood to the dignities of Augustus Anniballianus marand Cæsar is unknown. ried Constantina his cousin, daughter of Constantine I. and Fausta. In the division of the empire, Pontus, Cappadocia, and the lesser Armenia were designed by Constantine for Anniballianus, with the city of Cæsarea in Bithynia for his capital. On the death of W. B. D. his uncle, however, Anniballianus and his brother Dalmatius were at first seized and afterwards murdered at Constantinople, at the end of A. D. 337, by the household troops, who were encouraged, probably by Constantius II., to declare that they would suffer none but the sons of Constantine I. to divide the succession of the empire. Medals are extant which were struck in honour of Anniballianus with the legend "Fl. Anniballiano Regi." (Eckhel, Doctrin. Numismat. Veter. viii. 24.; Zosimus, ii. p. 117.; Ammianus Marcellinus, xiv. 1., with the note of Valesius; Chronicon Pascale, p. 286. Glareanus, in his notes to Eutropius, Breviar. x. 11., makes Anniballianus to have been a son of Constantius Chlorus, and consequently a brother of Constantine I., and father, not brother, of the Cæsar Dalmatius; Victor the W. B. D. younger, Epitome, xli. 20.) ANNI CERIS, ('Avvikepis), a Greek philosopher of Cyrene, and one of the latest successors of Aristippus, the founder of the He was a pupil of HegeCyrenaic school. sias, and probably a contemporary of Epicurus, which will fix his period about B. C. The doctrines of Aristippus had been 300. much distorted by his successors, and Anniceris seems to have endeavoured either to restore them, or what is more probable, to use them as a basis upon which to found a new school. His followers were designated by the name Annicereans ('AVVIKépeιoi, Annicerii), and his school 'Avvikepía alpeσis, 3 H 4 |