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singular emblem which whatever it may be, serves to connect the next coin we notice with the Nysæan ones. On the coins of SOTEREAGAS, the title king of kings is first to be observed, borrowed probably from the Parthians.

The reverse of this coin is not given, so exactly corresponding with that of the first figure, even as to the corrupted Greek characters, that it would appear to have been struck with the same die.

Fig. 30, Obverse.
Reverse.

Horseman. Legend Greek, but defaced.

Figure (female?) looking to the right; behind her an emblem,

the same as noted in Fig. 29; in front another singular globular emblem.

This is an unique specimen, which, until legible specimens be procured, must remain unappropriated. That it refers to the Nysæan princes is proved by the horseman, which here forms the obverse, and by the singular emblem before alluded to the new emblem, no less curious, alike serves us in the arrangement of the three next coins which follows:

Fig. 31, Obverse.

Reverse.

Fig. 32, Obverse.

Reverse.

Fig. 33, Obverse.

Reverse.

Horseman.

Figure standing to the left, with globular emblem.
Horseman, with trident.

Figure standing to the right, with globular emblem.

Horseman. Legend Greek, portion legible AENEBAZIAEWN.
Figure standing to the left, with globular emblem.

These three coins, from the types and symbols, we can pronounce Nysæan; perhaps Fig. 31 and 33 may be the same-on the latter the Greek characters are pure and distinct.

UNADPHERROs.

Fig. 34, Obverse. Bearded bust, with diadem and fillets behind, jiker on head. Legend Greek; portion legible, ACIAEAN ENTHP□..

Fig. 35, Obverse.

Fig. 36, Reverse.

Bust. Legend Greek, portion visible, TEPPOT BACIAE..... Winged figure of victory standing to the right, with wreath; legend Pehlevi.

There are three from nineteen copper coins of the same size and type in my possession. The figure of the prince is somewhat remarkable, but I hesitate not to believe him Greek, notwithstanding his beard; neither do I doubt of his connection with Nysa. From a comparison of the united specimens, the Greek legend is undoubtedly ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΥΝΑΔΦΕΡΡΟΥ. The tufts on the head I have considered the jiker, a plume of feathers worn to this day by Asiatic princes as an emblem of royalty. The Sadu-zye princes of Afghanistan were wont to wear four jikers, and such of their grandees or officers whom they wished to dis tinguish by their favor, they allowed the permission of wearing one, or even two. The reverses of these coins have the figure of victory, also to be seen on those of MENANDER.

Fig. 37, Obverse. Bust, with diadem and fillets behind; row of pearls beneath diadem.

Reverse.

Horse standing to the left, with forefoot raised. Legend
Greek, but obscure, BACIAEA legible.

This is one from six copper coins in my possession. I at first considered it Nysæan, from the horse on the reverse, as well as from the beardless bust of the prince; but although I have included it here, I now very much doubt; and am even not certain that it may not be Parthian-if any of the princes of that line are to be found without a beard. The legend is written in straight lines in place of the

usual Greek peripheral form :-from a comparison of the six specimens, it will appear to be BACIAEA.. HAIIAEV HAIIAIVH: the last letter I am not clear whether it be not intended for N. Two or three larger copper coins of this prince have been found in Kabul, on which the head is most preposterously large, the legend on these is still more unintelligible: a representation of one of these is given in the supplementary coins, fig. 48.

Fig. 38, Obverse.
Reverse.

Unarranged Greek Coins.

Bust. Legend Greek BAZIAENE ENTHP EPMAIOT.

Horse standing to the right, forefoot raised-singular characunder his belly. Legend Pehlevi.

ter

This is one from two copper coins in my possession-the pad on the head is here to be noticed-the name EPMAIOT is beyond doubt, but I could not class this coin with those of Nysa, as the Greek characters of the legend refer to an antecedent period; the quadrangular form of the coinage also forbids it. Fig. 39, Obverse. Figure obscured by time. Legend Greek, but illegible. Reverse. Macedonian infantry soldier probably of the phalanx, standing to the left, his right-hand extended and holding a wreath, armed with spear, sword, and shield. Legend Pehlevi.

This is an unique specimen in my possession; another was procured in Kabul, which I have represented in the supplementary coins, fig. 43; by this it will be seen that the figure on the obverse is that of HERCULES with his club. The legend, here more intelligible, is unfortunately not sufficiently so, as to allow the identification of the coin.

Fig. 40, Obverse. Figure obliterated. Legend Greek, but nearly effaced. Reverse. Figure apparently female, seated on a throne. Legend Pehlevi. This is an unique specimen in my possession; another was procured at Kabul, represented in the supplementary coins, fig. 44, which shew that the figure on the obverse is one standing to the left, with a tridental staff in the right-hand. It also shews that part of the Greek legend is ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ. The epithet it will be observed was that adopted by EUCRATIDES I. I doubt whether these coins can be referred to him from the presence of the characters and in the legends, which indicate a later period.

Fig. 41, Obverse. Lion rampant.

Legend Greek, but defaced.

Reverse. Humped cow. Legend Pehlevi.

This is an unique specimen in my possession-the figures are in high relief. Besides the coins here noticed, I have five other single specimens, which, although unintelligble, are certainly Greek. Among them is a curious hemispherical coin. On the convex obverse is manifestly the delineation of a head; on the reverse that of some animal. I give not the representation of this and the others, because nothing is gained from them, but the knowledge that our collection of Greek coins is not completed, and that farther discoveries remain to reward research.

Supplementary Greek Coins.

Fig. 42, Obverse. Helmed bust. Legend Greek, BAZIAENE ENTHPOM ME

ΝΑΝΔΡΟΥ.

Reverse. Warrior, in right-hand holding a dish of grapes or fruit, the left-hand upraised, holding a bundle of darts. Legend Pehlevi. This is a beautiful silver drachma, procured at Kabul, by M. MARTIN. The figure on the reverse admirably illustrates the just ideas which influenced the illustrious sovereign in his government. We need no excuse for introducing any token

which renders us more familiar with the youthful, the beautiful, and beloved MENANDER.

Fig. 43, Obverse. Figure of Hercules, with club. Legend Greek.

Reverse.

Fig. 44, Obverse.

Macedonian infantry soldier. Legend Pehlevi.
Figure with tridental staff. Legend Greek.

Reverse.

Figure seated. Legend Pehlevi.

These coins have before been alluded to, they were procured by M. Martin. Fig. 45, Obverse. Horseman, with Greek legend, portion legible, BAZIAENE BA

Reverse. Fig. 46, Obverse.

Reverse.

Fig. 47, Obverse.

Reverse.

ΣΙΛΕΩΝ

Figure of Ceres. Legend Pehlevi.

Horseman. Greek legend, portion legible, BAZIAENE BAXIAEON.
Figure probably of Ceres. Legend Pehlevi.

Horseman. Legend Greek, but obscure.
Figure of Ceres. Legend Pehlevi.

These coins evidently refer to the Nysæan princes, they were procured at Jelalabad by M. MARTIN-the inscriptions are in pure Greek characters. These coins were originally coated over with silver.

Fig. 48, Obverse. Bust.

Reverse. Horse with fore-foot raised. Legend Greek, but obscure.

This coin has been before alluded to, it was procured by M. MARTIN I believe at Jelalabad.

Fig. 1, Obverse.

Reverse.

Class Indo-Scythic-Series No. 1.

Figure of prince sacrificing on altar. Legend Greek, but partially preserved, portion visible, AEVC BA IAELIN KA

Female figure standing to the right: before her, a four-pronged symbol. Legend Greek, NANAIA.

This is one of seven copper coins of the same size and type in my possession, the legend is unquestionably from a comparison of the specimens BACIAEVC BACIAEWN KANHPKOT or "The King of Kings KANERKOS." These coins have attracted much attention. I have taken the liberty of making my remarks generally on them in the former part of the memoir. With reference to the legend NANAIA, I may observe, that, there are numerous shrines in these parts of Asia, called by the Muhammedans, the Zeárats of Bibi Nanni, or, "the Lady Nannee." Hindus also resort to them:, and each claim the shrine or Zearat as peculiarly his own. The most celebrated of these is at Hingohl, as called by the natives, (the Hinglatz I believe of our maps,) on the coast of Lus, in Belochistan, near the junction of the Puralli river with the sea. Another famous shrine of Bíbí Nanní is on the river Bolan, in the pass leading from the Dusht Bedoulet to Kyrta—two or three are in the vicinity of Kabul. I am not sure whether the Hindus do not refer these shrines to their deity PARBATÍ. If NANAIA should have been the distinctive epithet applied to any of the Greek female deities or nymphs, she will be identified with the Hindu deity PARBATí, or the one whose shrine is visited at Hingohl, &c., and the Muhammedans in NANNí, may have preserved the Greek name NANAIA.

Fig. 2, Obverse. Figure of prince sacrificing on altar. Legend Greek, BACIAEVC BACIAELIN KANHPKOr

Reverse.

Female figure standing to the left, in her front four-pronged symbol. Legend Greek HAIOC.

This is one from fourteen copper coins in my possession of the same type, the legend proves them of the same princes as the former coins considered. The

legend HAIOC in Greek signifying the sun, the figure may be considered a

priestess of PHEBUS or APOLLO.

Fig. 3, Obverse. Prince sacrificing on altar, legend corrupted Greek.

Reverse. Figure standing to the left, with wreath in right-hand. Legend corrupted, illegible Greek.

Fig. 4, Obverse. Prince sacrificing on altar. Legend Greek.

Reverse. Figure standing to the left. Legend Greek.

These are two from twenty-two copper coins of the same size and similar types: they have an evident connection, notwithstanding the legends appear to vary. They are too obscure to allow me to attempt to decipher them until I have perfect leisure. Fig. 5, Obverse. Prince sacrificing on altar.

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This is one from six copper coins of the same size and type in my possession. This species is easily distinguished by the Bacchanalian, (it may be inspired,) posture of the figure on the obverse.

Fig. 6, Obverse. Prince standing.

Reverse.

Fig. 7, Obverse.

Reverse.

Figure standing to the right. Legend corrupt Greek-may be

intended for NANAIA.

Prince standing.

Figure standing to the left. Legend corrupted Greek-may be intended for HAIOC.

These are two from sixteen copper coins of same size and similar types in my possession. I have introduced them into this series, of which the coins of KanerKOS take the lead, notwithstanding the omission of the altar, as they agree in one grand feature marking this series, viz., of the prince standing on the obverse, and of a figure or deity standing on the reverse; if my conjectural reading of the legends be admitted, they should follow the coins of KANERKOS, or they may even belong to him.

Series No. 2.

Fig. 8, Obverse. Prince standing and sacrificing on an altar, a club or other emblem to his right; also a four-pronged symbol to his left, a tridental staff, the symbol of majesty. Legend Greek, portion legible, BACIAEVC BACIAEV.......... OOHKAA÷ICHC. Female figure standing by cow, which looks to the right. Legend Pehlevi, but obliterated.

Reverse.

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Figure 8, is one of eight, and Fig. 9, one of twenty-nine copper coins of similar sizes and types in my possession. Happily the legend is clear, and happily we are able to announce that the king of kings KADPHISES was buried at Kabul, where his sepulchral monument was opened by M. MARTIN, and one of his gold medals extracted, a representation of which is given as a supplementary coin. The word CWTHPHETAC occurring on the legends, somewhat perplexes me* : the letters OOH, if the era, and denoting 800, may be of some importance, as it may be Budhist, and that of SAKYA; if the era of GOUTAMA be loosely taken at 600 A.C. that of KADPHISES will be about 200 A. D. Now of Greek princes who must have ruled in these countries before him, and subsequent to a known epoch, that of the overthrow of the *It is evi ently owτnp μeyas again.-ED.

Bactrian monarchy, about 130 A. C. we have the coins of at least fifteen, without reckoning unappropiated ones-and if we suppose KANERKOS to be KANISKA, and that he and his image preceded KADPHISES, we have three if not four princes here; allowing upon an average fifteen years for the reign of each of the nineteen princes we have a total of two hundred and eighty-five years, which calculating from 130 B. C. brings us to 155 A. D.: the remaining 45 years may very readily be granted to unidentified Greek princes, and we shall have fair grounds for presuming the era HOO to be that of SAKYA, and that KADPHISES reigned at Kabul about 200 A. D. Figs. 10,11,& 12, Obverses. Princes sacrificing on altars. Legends corrupt Greek. Reverses. Figure standing before cow, which looks to the left. These are three from two hundred and fifty-four copper coins of various sizes but similar types in my possession. I have not leisure to note all the observations which arise from a consideration of these coins. That they refer to the series of KANERKOS and KADPHISES is evident from the presence of the altars, and if they be Indo-Scythic, so are also these. While I so far agree with SCHLEGEL and Col. ToD, I must differ from them in considering the figures on the reverses to represent "SIVA and his bull NANDI." I know not what the bull may be, but the figure is certainly female. These are the most numerous types of coins found in these countries. I think it probable they may be ultimately found to include those of several princes. They vary in point of execution from tolerable to wretched; the earliest specimens, such as fig. 10, are of fair workmanship.

Series No. 3.

Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, & 18, Obverses. Princes standing. Legends corrupt Greek. Reverses. Figures on elephants. Legends corrupt Greek.

These are six specimens from fifty-six copper coins of similar sizes and types in my possession. The elephant on the reverse of these coins renders them easily recognizable. On these coins, although the costume and attitude of the princes are essentially the same with those of the two preceding series, yet the absence of the altars suffices to arrange them distinctly-the legends appear to vary, but I think there can be little doubt but that the characters are intended for Greek. On the coins of this and the other Indo-Scythic series the exclusion of Pehlevi will be noted—the tridental staff and four-pronged symbol are continued on this and the succeeding coins to be noticed.

Figs. 19, 20, & 21, Obverse. Princes standing.

Reverse. Female figure seating on throne (?).

These are three from fifty-six copper coins of various sizes and similar types in my possession-these coins evidently refer to the same line of princes as the former; and the legends are as manifestly intended for Greek.

Fig. 22, Obverse.

Reverse.

This is one from

Fig. 23, Obverse.

Prince standing.

Sitting female deity on clouds (?).

six copper coins of similar size and type in my possession.
Princes standing.

Reverse. Female deity on throne, circles of glory around her feet.

This is one from one hundred and thirteen copper coins of similar type in my possession. These coins, although so numerously found, afford no specimens more perfect or intelligible than the one here represented, which will suffice to give a fair idea of the type.

I have no doubt but all these coins will be ultimately deciphered; at present the reverses enable us to note four distinct sets, it may be they will have to be subdivided hereafter.

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