4. The monsoon of the shore of Gujerat occurs within the 160th day of the Yazdajirdian, equal to 25th of the Jalálian (14th April).

5. The monsoon of the coast of Meshkassa*, Hairíjat, Sheher, and Aden sets, in within (about) the 170th day of the Yazdajerdian year, equal to 35th of the Jalálian (24th April).

The monsoons below the wind, that is of the parts of India situated below the wind, are the following:

6. The monsoon of Gujerat, to sail for Malacca, Shomotora, Tanassari, Bengal, and all the tracts situated below the wind, sets in about the 130th day of the Yazdajirdian year, equal to 360th of the Jaláliant, and lasts till the 170th Yazdajirdian, equal to 25th Jalálian (24th April); the highest monsoon sets in about the 150th day of the Yazdajirdian year, answering to the 15th of the Jalálian.

7. The monsoon of Concona to sail for Malacca, Shomotora§, Tanassari, Martaban and Fáikú||, and all the tracts situated below the wind, sets in within the 140th day of the Yazdajirdian year, or on the fifth day before the Jalálian new-year's day (16th March), and lasts till to the 180th day of the Yazdajirdian year, equal to the 45th of the Jalálian year (4th May); the highest monsoon sets in about the 160th or 150th day of the Yazdajirdian year, answering to the 25th or 15th of the Jalálian (4th-14th April).

8. The monsoon of Malabar, to sail for Malacca, Shomotora, Tanassari, Martaban, and Bengal, and all the ports situated below the wind, sets in about the 160th day of the Yazdajirdian year, answering to the 25th of the Jalálian (14th April).

9. The monsoon of Díbi¶, for Malacca, Shomotora, Tanassari, Martaban, and Bengal, and all the ports situated below the wind, sets in within the 160th day of the Yazdajirdian year, equal to 25th of the Jalálian (14th April). 10. The monsoon of Sheher, for sailing to Malacca, Shomotora, Tanassari, Martaban, and Bengal, and all the ports situated below the wind, sets in within the110th day of the Yazdajirdian year**, which answers to the 340th of the Jalálian ; but from Sheher to Fartak, you meet the western wind Kaws, which sets in about the 130th Yazd. or 360th Jalálian, five days before the newyear's day, and six days if there be an intercalary one (16th March).

11. The monsoon of Fartak for the above said ports sets in on the same day. 12. The monsoon of Dhofar for Malacca, Shomotora, Tanassari, Martaban, and Bengal, and all the ports situated below the wind, sets in about the 10th day of the Yazdajirdian, equal to 340th Jelálian (24th Feb.)

13. The monsoon of Muscat, for Malacca, Shomotora, to the continent of Siam, Bengal, and all the ports below the wind, sets in about the 130th day of the Yazdajirdian year, equal to 360th of the Jalálian (16th March).

14. The monsoon of Zelaa and Berberi, for Sheher and Meshkarat††, the highest (strongest) sets in about the 120th Yazd. equal to 85th Jal. (13 June). 15. The monsoon of Aden, for Sheher and Meshkara, at the same time.

* Muscat? †

Here is the same error of calculation above observed.

§ Sumatra. || Pegu. ¶ The Maldives. ** There is also a want of agreement in this date. ++ Larhkhara?

16. The monsoon of Aden, for Hormúz, sets in about the 190th day Yazdajirdian, equal to 55th, or the 200th equal to 65th Jalálian, (14th or 24th May) later, it is not good.

Section 4. The second sub-division of the first sort of monsoon, which is the end of Kaws, called by some Tirmah, and by some Damáni.

17. The monsoon of Mecca, or rather of its port Jedda, to Malabar, Concona, Gujerat, and Hormúz, sets in about the 280th day of the Yazdajirdian year, answering to the 145th of the Jalálian (12th August).

18. The monsoon of Sewakin*, to Malabar, Concona, Gujerat, sets in about the 280th day of the Yazdajirdian year, equal to 145th of the Jalálian. 19. The monsoon of Silá and. Berberi to Malabar, Concan, Gujerat, Hormúz, sets in about the 290th day of the Yazdajirdian year, equal to 150th of the Jalálian (17th August).

20. The monsoon of Aden to Malabar, Concona, Gujerat, sets in about the same time, or five days later; that is to say, on the 155th or 160th day of the Jalálian year (22nd-27th August).

21. The monsoon of Sheher to Malabar, Concona, Gujerat, sets in on the 300th day of the Yazdajírdian year, answering to the 165th of the Jalálian year (2nd September).

22. The monsoon of Meshkara for sailing to Malabar, Concona, Gujerat, springs up on the 300th day of the Yazdajirdian year, which answers to the 165th of the Jalálian, according to the rule above-mentioned.

23. The monsoon of Dhofúr for Malabar, Concona, Gujerat, Hormúz, sets in on the 300th day of the Yazdajirdian year, answering to the 165th of the Jalálian (2nd September).

24. The monsoon of Fartak and Aden, for sailing to Hormúz, sets in about the 290th day of the Yazdajirdian year, answering to the 155th of the Jalálian (22nd August).

25. The monsoon of Kaulahát and Muscat to Gujerat and Concona, sets in on the 300th day of the Yazdajirdian year, which is the 165th of the Jalálian; from this time up to the 180th or 190th Yazd. or 45th,—55th, day of the Jal. year (4th-14th May), the navigation is open to all India. The monsoons below the wind, which blow at this time from the Arabian continent and the coasts, and the other countries below the wind, are:

26. The monsoon for sailing from Aden to Malacca, Shomotora, Tunassari, Martaban, Bengal, and all the ports situated below the wind, sets in about the 280th day of the Yazdajirdian, that is, the 145th of the Jalálian year (12th August).

27. The monsoon of Sheher and Meshkara, to the above said ports, sets in about the 290th day of the Yazdajirdian year, which is the 155th of the Jalalian (22nd August).

28. The monsoon of Gujerat, for sailing to Shomotora, Tanassari, Bengal, and all the ports situated below the wind, sets in on the 300th day of the Yazdajirdian, equal to 166th of the Jalálian year (2nd September).

29. The monsoon of Concona, to sail from it to the above ports, is setting in on the 305th day of the Yazdajirdian year, which is the 170th of the Jalalian (6th September).

* Opposite to Jedda.

30. The monsoon for sailing from Malabar to Malacca, Shomotora, Tanassari, and all the ports below the wind, sets in about the 320th day of the Yazdajirdian year, equal to 185th of the Jalálian year (21st Sept).

31. The monsoon for sailing from Díbi to Malacca, Shomotora, Tanassari, Martaban, Bengal, sets in about the 320th day of the Yazdajirdian year, answering to the 185th of the Jalálian (21st Sept.)

32. The monsoon of the continent of Alinat (? Barronat) for sailing from it to Siam, is setting in on the 325th day of the Yazdajirdian, that is on the 190th of the Jalálian year (26th Sept.)

33. The monsoon of the coasts for sailing to Hormúz, sets in about the 300th day of the Yazdajirdian, that is to say, the 185th of the Jalálian year (21st Sept. ?)

34. The monsoon from the coasts and Maukadash (in Africa) to Jazreddib (the Maldives) sets in about the 320th day of the Yazdajirdian, that is to say, the 185th of the Jalálian year (21st Sept.)

35. The monsoon for sailing from the coasts to the Arabian continent, to Dhofar, Meshkaun, Hairija, Sheher, Aden, sets in on the 325th day of the Yazdajirdian year, that is, on the 190th Jal. (26th Sept.)

Section 5. The second class of monsoons, that is the eastern ones called Azib

or Sabá*.

36. The monsoon for sailing from Gujerat to all the Arabian islands, springs up about the 340th day of the Yazdajirdian year, answering to the 205th Jal. (11th Oct.) and lasts till to the 340th or 350th, that is, till to the 5th or 15th day of the Jalálian year (5th March); but to Kaulhat, Muscat, and Hormúz, it may be used till the 60th day of the Yazdajirdian year, or the 25th of the Jalálian (14th April); later it is not good.

The finest monsoon for sailing from India to the Arabian continent sets in about the 100th and 110th day of the Yazdajirdian year, which is the 330th or 340th of the Jalálian (13th-23rd February).

37. The monsoon from Concona to the Arabian continent sets in about the 350th day of the Yazdajirdian year, and lasts till the 140th of the next; that is to say, from the 205th till to the 5th of the next Jalálian year, (11th Oct.—25th March :) later it is not good; that for Hormúz lasts till to the 150th of the Yazdajirdian, that is to say, the 15th of the Jalálian year. 38. The monsoon from Hormúz to the Arabian continent sets in about the 340th day of the Yazdajirdian year, lasting to the 100th of the next; that is to say, from the 205th to the 330th of the Jalálian year (11th Oct.—13th Feb.). This is for the coasting voyage; but if the high sea is kept, it serves from about the 100th day of the Yazdajirdian year, to the 30th of the next; that is to say, from the 330th to the 365th Jal. (13th Feb. 2nd March).

39. The monsoon from Gujerat to the coasts, blows from about the 340th day of the Yazdajirdian year to the 90th of the next year; that is, from the 205th to the 320th of the Jalálian (11th Oct.-3rd Feb.)

40. The monsoon from Bengal to Aden and Mecca, that is to say, to the ports of Jedda and Hormúz, sets in about the 50th day of the Yazda

صبا *

jirdian year, and lasts till to the 80th; that is, from the 280th to the 310th of the Jalálian year (25th Dec.-25th Jan.); but for sailing to the continent of Alinat (? Barronat) and the island of Ceylon, it sets in about the 100th day of the Yazdajirdian, equal to 330th Jalálian (13th Feb.)

41. The monsoon for sailing from Malacca to Jedda, Aden, Hormúz, blows from about the 50th day of the Yazd. year, to about the 100th; that is to say, from about the 280th day till to the 330th Jal. (25th Dec.-13th Feb.) 42. The monsoon from Tanassari and Martaban, to Jedda, Aden, and Hormúz, blows like that for Bengal and Malacca.

43. The monsoon from Shomotora to Jedda, Aden, Hormúz, blows from about the 30th day of the Yazdajirdian year, till to the 90th; that is to say, from the 260th to the 320th of the Jalálian year (5th Dec.-3rd Feb.)

44. The monsoon for sailing from Shomotora to Bengal, blows from about 100th to 150th day of the Yazdajirdian year; that is to say, from the 330th till to the 15th of the next Jalálian year (13th Feb.-4th April). The monsoon of Tanassari is the same with that of Bengal.

45.

46. The monsoon of Jazreddib to Aden and the whole Arabian continent, blows from the 10th to about the 120th day of the Yazd. year; that is, from the 240th till about the 350th day of the Jalálian year (5th Nov.-5th Mar.)

47. The monsoon of Diúl Sind, for sailing from thence to the Arabian continent, blows from the 10th of the Yazdajirdian year to about the 120th ; that is, from the 240th to about the 350th of the Jalálian (ditto).

48. The monsoon of Mélandi to Jazrul Kamr, (island of the moon*,) blows from about the 80th to the 100th of the Yazdajirdian year; that is, from the 310th to the 330th of the Jalálian (24th Jan.—13th Feb.)

49. The monsoon of Kilúí for sailing to Sofalat, blows from the 10th to the 60th of the Yazdajirdian, that is, from the 240th to the 290th of the Jalálian year (15th Nov.-4th Jan.)

50. The monsoon from Sofala to Kiluí, blows from about the 160th to the 190th of the Yazdajirdian year; that is to say, from the 25th to the 55th Jal. (14th April-14th May.) The finest lasts till about the 170th Yazd. 35th Jal. (24th April.)

The dates of these monsoons are given according to the dates of the year in which this book was written in, and are ten days later then those given by the master Súleimán Ben Ahmad, the author of the Omdat (column). If the calculation is made in the Yazdajirdian years, it is necessary to take into account the intercalary years; but in the calculation of Jalálian years, the same order may be always followed up.

The truth of these statements, and the error of the calculation (as it is impossible to guess anywhere else, but on the spot, which of the two numbers may be the right or false one), are only to be elucidated in India itself, and are referred therefore by the translator to the learned members of the Asiatic Societies of Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras. [We have added to the above the English dates for the present year, making the Jaláli year begin on the 21st March, with the vernal equinox.-ED.]

* Madagascar.

+ On the coast of Africa.

II.-Account of some Inscriptions in the Abyssinian character, found at Hassan Ghoráb, near Aden, on the Arabian coast. By Lieutenant WELLSTED, Indian Navy, attached to the Survey department.

[In an Extract from Lieutenant WELLSTED's Journal, communicated by the Right Honorable the Governor in Council at Bombay to the Asiatic Society, and read at the Meeting of the 5th November.]

"On the morning of the 6th of May, 1834, we anchored in the Honorable Company's Surveying Ship Palinurus on the Arabian coast, in a short and narrow channel, formed on the one hand by a low rocky islet, and on the other, by a lofty black-looking bluff, to which our pilot applied the designation of Hassan Ghoráb. Some ruins having been perceived on the summit of the latter, a party shortly after our arrival proceeded to the shore for the purpose of examining them. To avoid the swell which rolled along the opposite side of the island, and produced a considerable surf against the seaward face of the cliff, as it rose up perpendicularly from the sea, we pulled into a small bay on the N. E. side, where the water was much smoother. Landing on a sandy belt, which extended from the margin of the sea to the base of the hill, we found ourselves amidst the ruins of numerous houses, walls, and towers. The houses are small, of a square form; and have mostly four rooms, on a single floor; the walls appear to have been carried along the face of the hill in parallel lines, at different heights ;— several towers also occur at scattered distances. The hill on this side, for one-third of its height, ascends with a moderate acclivity, and along the slope, the ruins are thickly scattered; there are, however, no remains of public buildings or edifices, nor are there any traces of arches or columns. The whole have been constructed from fragments detached from the rock, and from the several patches which remain, it is very certain that the greater number must have been covered over with cement; both this and the mortar, from the action of the weather, have almost entirely disappeared. The cement appears from the traces yet left on the beach, to have been obtained, as it is at present in many parts of the Arabian coast, by the calcination of coral. A further examination during an extension of our walk round the side of the hill, enabled us to discover that Hassan Ghoráb was about 500 feet in height, that it was composed of a dark greyish-coloured compact limestone, and that it had been formerly insulated, though it was now connected to the main by a low sandy isthmus, which had been blown up there by the violence of the S. W. winds, and was evidently of recent formation. The action of the sea might indeed be traced in the cavities and hollows exhibited by a ridge of rocks now at some distance from the water, but which it was evident at no very distant