in Reverence of something to be worshipped by him, and in Love of something to be cherished by him, and cherishedfor ever.

Having these instincts, his only rational conclusion is that the objects which can fulfil them may be by his effort gained, and by his faith discerned; and his only earthly wisdom is to accept the united testimony of the men who have sought these things in the way they were commanded. Of whom no single one has ever said that his obedience or his faith had been

moon, and shed a ferruginous light on the ground and floors of rooms, but was particularly lurid and blood-coloured at rising and setting. The country people began to look with a superstitious awe at the red lowering aspect of the sun; and, indeed, there was reason for the most enlightened person to be apprehensive, for all the while Calabria and part of the Isle of Sicily were torn and convulsed with earthquakes, and about that juncture a volcano sprang out of the sea on the coast of Norway.'

"Other writers also mention volcanic disturbances in this same year, 1783. We are told by Lyell and Geikie, that there were great volcanic eruptions in and near Iceland. A submarine volcano burst forth in the sea, thirty miles south-west of Iceland, which ejected so much pumice that the ocean was covered with this substance, to the distance of 150 miles, and ships were considerably impeded in their course; and a new island was formed, from which fire and smoke and pumice were emitted.

"Besides this submarine eruption, the volcano Skaptar-Jokull, on the mainland, on June 11th, 1783, threw out a torrent of lava, so immense as to surpass in magnitude the bulk of Mont Blanc, and ejected so vast an amount of fine dust, that the atmosphere over Iceland continued loaded with it for months afterwards. It fell in such quantities over parts of Caithness-a distance of 600 miles--as to destroy the crops, and that year is still spoken of by the inhabitants as the year of 'the ashie.' These particulars are gathered from the text-books of Lyell and Geikie.

"I am not aware whether the coincidence in time of the Icelandic eruptions, and of the peculiar appearance of the sun, described by Gilbert White, has yet been noticed: but this coincidence may very well be taken as some little evidence towards explaining the connexion between the recent beautiful sunsets and the tremendous volcanic explosion of the Isle of Krakatoa in August last.

"W. R. ANDREWS, F.G.S. "Teffont Ewyas Rectory, Salisbury, January 8th."

428 STORM-CLOUD OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

vain, or found himself cast out from the choir of the living souls, whether here, or departed, for whom the song was written :

God be merciful unto us, and bless us, and cause His face
to shine upon us;

That Thy way may be known upon earth, Thy saving health
among all nations.

Oh let the nations rejoice and sing for joy, for Thou shalt
judge the people righteously and govern the nations
upon earth.

Then shall the earth yield her increase, and God, even
our own God, shall bless us.

God shall bless us, and all the ends of the earth shall fear
Him.

INDEX.

ABBEVILLE, sunset at, Oct. 1, 1868 (Diagram 1), 18, 30, 47-48.
ABINGDON, plague-wind at, 27.

AGE, good humour should increase with, 31.

ALPS, plague-cloud in the high (1882), 60 seq.; storm in Val d'Aosta
(Diagram 4), 24; sunset and sunrise amongst, colours of, 17, 45-6.
AMERICAN meat, etc., in England, 64.

ANDREWS, Rev. W. R., letter to author on sunsets, 1883, 64 n.
ANEMOMETER, value of the, 32.

AUTHOR, the. (a) Personal.-At Avallon, sees 'Faust,' 29; at Ayles-
bury, May 26-7, 1875, 26; his book of Boticelli and Mantegna draw-
ings, 36; helped by chance, 36; his character, not always ill-hu-
moured, 31; and the Franco-Prussian war, 28; geology of, plans for
a 'Grammar of Ice and Air,' 51; at Herne Hill, March 12, 1884,
pref. 4; his imaginative vision, pref. 3; solitude and leisure of,
3; at Vevay, 1872, 26; weather as influencing, 27, 59, 67; as ob-
served by, 7.

(b) Writing of His 'command of language' means careful
thought, 52; his power not eloquence but simple statement of feel-
ing, 59; description of colour not due to his mental state, 47; does
not "hedge" in what he says, 67; diary quoted on conditions of
weather:-

'Eagle's Nest,' on cumulus cloud, over Westminster, 24; on light,
22.

'Fiction Fair and Foul,' on blasphemy, 62.

'Fors Clavigera,' on education, 63; July and August, 1871, on the
plague-wind, 25-28.

'Modern Painters,' could not have been written in bad weather, as
its argument depends on the glory of nature, 67; quoted on
cloud formation, 40; on the lee-side cloud (v. 129), 43-44; on
cloud outline, 47; on cloud temperature, 50; on dawn and
rain-cloud, 37; v. 128, on Matterhorn and chilled vapour,

41; v. 145, on 'Perseus' myth, 59; on Turner's symbolic use of
scarlet, 38.

Queen of the Air,' 59.

'Storm-Cloud of Nineteenth Century,' how written, pref. 35; news
paper reports of, 3; its observation true, 3; title of, 7.

AQUEOUS MOLECULES, different kinds of, 15.

ARISTOPHANES' 'Clouds,' 41.

ASTROLOGY, Chaldæan, its warnings distinct, its promises deceitful, 38.
AVALLON, author at, sees Faust,' 29.

BANDIERA DELLA MORTE, the, 16.

BARRETT, Mr. Wilson, provides limelight for author's lecture, 17.

BELESES, Byron's 'Sardanapalus,' 10-11.

BIBLE, quoted: -

BILLIARD BALL, does not shiver on its own account, 22, 51.
BIRKETT, A. H., letter to author on plague-wind, 58-9.

BISE, the, wind of Provence, 26, 28.

BLASPHEMY, meaning of, 62; of science, 63; in Thackeray, 62.
BLIGHT, caused by plague-wind, 58-9.

BOLTON, July 4, 1875, author at, 25-6.

BOOK, Florentine, bought by author against British Museum for £1000,

37.

BRANTWOOD. See CONISTON.

BYRON, his accuracy of observation, "deepening clouds," 37; the last
Englishman who loved Greece, 10, 37; on the sun," burning ora-
cle," 38; on superstition, 38; 'Sardanapalus' quoted, 10-11.

CARLYLE'S" mostly fools" quoted, 65.

CHALDEAN ASTROLOGY, 38.

CHAPMAN'S Homer,' quoted, 44–5.
CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLE, 41.

CLOUDS, ancient idea of, 8; bad and fair weather, 12; black, 43; colour
of, how caused, 16 seq.; cumulus and cirrus, 24-5 ; deepening'
(Byron), 37; defined, 12 seq.; drift, 41; electric, 47; flight of, au-
thor on the, 60; formation of, 50; glacial, 48; golden lining of,
45; green, rare, 18-9; leeside, 43; literature, great, on, 9 seq.; on
mountain tops, 39, 41-2; prismatic, 18, 21; stationary, 9-10; sta-
tionary and fast-flying, 20, 47, 60-1; sunlight on opaque and tran-
sparent, its colour, 17; visible when existent, 13, 15; windy and
windless, 47.

COLLINGWOOD, W. G. (diagram 5), 33.

COLOUR, diffracted, too bright to be painted, 17, 20, 46; inherent and
reflected, 45 and note; of sun on white objects, 17.

COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS, 65.

CONISTON, the Eaglet' at, 32; gale at, showing force of wind, 57;
hills, 30; lake frozen, 1878-9, 30; lake in winds, 32; Old Man,
19; plague-wind at, 31 seq.; sunset, August 6, 1880, 19, 30; weath-
er, 30.

CORREGGIO alone could paint rain-cloud at dawn, 37.

CUNNINGHAM's 'Strait of Magellan,' sunset described in, 45 and n.

'DAILY NEWs' on the Storm-Cloud' lecture, 66.

DANTE, 'Divina Commedia' referred to on vapour and cloud, 35.
DAWN, description of, Modern Painters,' 36-7.

DELPHIC ORACLE deceptive, 38.

DE SAUSSURE, observant and descriptive, 7; on cloud-capped moun-
tains, 42.

DIAGRAM 1.-Abbeville, Oct. 1, 1868. sunset, 18, 48.

66

66

2.-Brantwood, Aug. 6, 1880, sunset, 19, 23, 47.
3.-Verona to Brescia, twilight, 1845, 23.

4.-Val d'Aosta storm, 24.

5.-Herne Hill, sunset, 33.

DIFFRACTION of light, 18, 46.

'EAGLET,' the, Coniston, 32.

EDUCATION, modern, 63; its object, a good position in life, 65.
ENERGY, right use of the word, 52-3.

ENGLAND, the Empire of modern, one on which the sun never rises,
34; refusal of, to give Greece a king, 37; religion of, God denied,
35; wealth of, imports necessaries of life from America, 64.

FAITH, never found vain, 70.

FAN, action on the air of a, 54.

'FAUST,' at Avallon, author sees, 29.

'FIAT lux, fiat anima,' 22.

FOG, in London, 14, 15; at Coniston, 31.

FORS, author aided by, 36.

FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR, author on the, 28.

FRENCH Oaths, not blasphemy, 62-3.

GLACIER motion, Tyndall on, 53.

GLADSTONE, W. E., love of Homer, 37.

GLOOM, moral and physical, 34-5.

GOULD'S British Birds,' illustrations to, 37.

GRAVITATION, the law, and of growth, 15.

GREECE, Byron's love of (see BYRON); England's refusal to give her a

king, 37.

GULLS, Sea, 58.

HAZE, and the wind, 16.

HEART, the, its life and faith, 8. See EDUCATION.

HELIOMETER, 33.

HERNE HILL, author at, pref. 4; old-fashioned sunset at, 33.

HILL, G. B., letter to author on stationary clouds, 5, 43.

HOMER, quoted, Il. iv., on black clouds, 43; Il. v., on motionless

clouds, 9.