that in a short time only incoming freshmen will need to inquire “What is the German club?"

The possibilities of the Students' Exchange have never been fully developed and it is our desire to make it as well known as possible this year. Many girls who come to college are absolutely or partially deStudents' Exchange pendent on money they can earn here and they are willing to work hard for it. And there are other girls who can furnish them with the necessary work, if they only knew about it. It is the work of the Students' Exchange to fit these two sides together as much as possible. Work such as sewing of all kinds, painting, playing the piano, copying music or themes, reading aloud, cleaning fancy articles, waiting on table, and pressing out light dresses, can be found and given to girls who need it.

By spreading the knowledge of the Students' Exchange and its work we wish especially to emphasize its importance to the entering class and we bespeak their hearty coöperation for the coming year, in carrying out its work. It is desired that as many students as want work should see the manager. Office hours are posted on the S. C. A. C. W. board in College Hall.

MABEL EMMA GRIFFITH 1903.

The position of registrar, left vacant by Miss Knox, is filled by Miss Mary Eastman, Smith '86, who has been teaching in Wellesley College.

Frau Kapp is absent on leave for the year, and during her absence the position of head of the German Department is filled by Ernst H. Mensel, A. M., Ph. D., University of Michigan. Dr. Mensel has for some time been an instructor at the University of Michigan.

Signor Solone di Campello, LL. D., a graduate of the University of Rome, has been appointed instructor in Italian.

The assistants in the different departments this year are: Miss Amy L. Barbour, A. B., Smith '91, Ph. D., Yale, who is assisting in Greek; Fräulein Gertrude E. Schmidt, a graduate of Wisconsin University, and later a graduate student at Harvard, who is assisting in German; Mlle. Jeanne Houssais, formerly of the Packer Institute, who is assisting in French; Miss Jennie T. Vermilye, Smith '97, assisting in astronomy in place of Miss Bigelow, absent on leave for the year; Miss Julia W. Snow, Ph. D., Zürich, a graduate of Cornell, who is assisting in botany; Miss Charlotte F. Emerson, Smith '97, who is assisting her father in geology; Miss Lola Maverick, A. B., Smith, '97, who is assisting in mathematics; Miss Alice L. Childs, Smith '96, who is assisting the registrar; and Miss Bessie Feary of the Boston Normal School of Gymnastics, who is assisting Miss Berenson by taking charge of the sports. Miss Harriet Martin, B. L., Smith '99, has been appointed reader in the English Literature Department.

The class of nineteen hundred and two wish to announce that the play they have chosen for their Senior Dramatics is Romeo and Juliet. The class wished not to go outside of Shakespeare in their choice and preferred not repeating any

of the plays which have already been given successfully during the few years in which college dramatics have been presented. Romeo and Juliet offered the inducements of great beauty of the lines and strong dramatic possibility. The class realize that they are making a departure in attempting a tragedy, but they have been assured that this tragedy would come peculiarly within the scope of college talent. The fact of the extreme youth of the chief characters makes their interpretation less difficult, and this fact will be used to emphasize the element of pathos rather than of tragedy. The play will be interpreted as a sad lyric rather than a tragedy.

VIRGINIA ELIZABETH MOORE,

President of the Class of 1902.

The class of nineteen hundred and two has appointed the following committee for the senior play: chairman, Blanche Wyckoff Hull; costume member, Helen Winslow Durkee; music member, Selma Weil; business manager, Ruth Hawthorne French; advisory member, Sarah Swift Schaff.

Nov. 6,

Open Meeting of the Greek Club.

13. Delta Sigma and Southwick House Dance.

THE

SMITH COLLEGE MONTHLY

EDITORS:

HELEN ISABEL WALBRIDGE,

FLORENCE EVELYN SMITH,

VIRGINIA ELIZABETH MOORE,

RUTH BARBARA CANEDY,

BUSINESS MANAGER,

ASTOR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS.

GERTRUDE OGDEN TUBBY,
ETHEL WITHINGTON CHASE,
GRACE WHITING MASON.

Theocracy, the rule of the church, was the natural, almost unavoidable, outcome of seventeenth century English Puritanism. In the mother country the tendency towards it was strongly marked during Cromwell's supremacy, and in New England, in face of a different and more favorable political environment, theocracy was bound to triumph.

To understand rightly the reasons for the theocratic government of early Massachusetts, we need to know the causes which led to the founding of the colony, and the events at home which necessarily shaped in part the policy of those who colonized the new land. Without entering into details, we will say that the motives were political, as well as religious, though religion has hitherto held place as causing the Puritan exodus to the New World. During the reign of King James, who stood ready to harry them from the land" and during the rule of Charles I., who allowed no broad-minded Puritan to infringe his divine right to reign, the persecuted Puritans loved to look forward to a time in the future when their opinions might be triumphant. At home if possible, but if not, abroad, they

would found an ideal commonwealth-a state in which Puritanism should reign, and to which all persecuted brethren might flee.

Among the men who had this passion for religious-political expansion, this desire to found a new religious state, was John White, rector of the Puritan church in Dorchester. This farsighted man realized that in the elements of stern, sturdy Puritanism lay some of the essential qualities for New England colonization. In a series of clear, scholarly pamphlets, he advised the Puritan party at home to establish a colony in New England whither they might flee if persecution became intolerable, or if Protestantism itself seemed threatened. The question was much discussed at London, and Endicott's colony resulted.

Then John White's scheme was able to broaden, and become a more living factor in the future history of England and America. The scorning of the Petition of Rights on the part of King Charles, and his subsequent refusal to summon parliament, caused the deepest anxiety among all English subjects and especially among all Puritans. This fear was supplemented and increased by the state of affairs abroad. The fall of Rochelle had recently ended the Huguenot power in France, the Thirty Years War was rife in Germany, and no Gustavus Adolphus had appeared. In the very same month of the proroguing of parliament the famous Act of Restitution was passed. Protestantism itself seemed in danger of overthrow. Puritan England must face the emergency.

To many of the brave men confronting the question, the idea of an American refuge-place seemed feasible. The loose construction of the previously granted charter permitted the transference of the governing body to the New World and the creation of a permanent and entirely legal government. With such leaders as Winthrop and Dudley, the scheme prospered and a thousand immigrants came to Salem and the surrounding country.

These men kept in mind the political purpose of their colony and strove, by every means in their power, to prevent the entrance of any foreign and corrupting element. They knew that the truest Puritan,-that is, the full-fledged church member,would best keep this feature of the colonization before his mind and would struggle hardest for the Puritan exclusiveness of the new settlement. The establishment of the theocracy followed naturally, and largely as a measure of self-protection.