Durham, N. C., manager for North Carolina and South Carolina; Frank A. Early of Chicago, general agent. Washington Life: Charles O. Roemer of Cumberland, general agent for western Maryland.

CASUALTY AND SURETY.

American Accident of Louisville: G. C. Lambert of Omaha, state agent for Nebraska. American Casualty of Baltimore: Watson & Penny of Minneapolis, general agents for Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota; James W. Nye, manager of the western department; H. M. Stark of Milwaukee, special agent; Sloan & Tarpey of Salt Lake City, general agents for Utah, Idaho, Nevada, and Montana. American Employers Liability: W. L. Seddon & Co. of Richmond, Va., general agents of the southern department; David Black, general agent for Connecticut; B. L. Stearns of Davenport, manager for Iowa; Edgar S. Runyon of Newark, general agent for New Jersey W. L. Daughtrey of Birmingham, state agent for Alabama; T. G. Slaughter of Louisville, general agent for Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Louisiana William M. Byrnes of St. Louis, general agent for Missouri. Fidelity and Casualty: J. J. Benson, resident manager for Virginia and North Carolina, with headquarters at Richmond John A. Herndon, formerly local agent, Danville, transferred to Richmond as resident agent for all departments; John E. O'Donnell, special agent of the accident department at Syracuse, N. Y.; J. H. Leedham, special agent of the company at Philadelphia, Pa.; McDonnell & Hood of Minneapolis, general agents for Minnesota, Iowa, and the Dakotas; A. J. Benson of Richmond, Va., general agent; Charles L. Nelson of Louisville, resident manager for Kentucky.

Hartford Steam Boiler: W. A. Druck, special agent for Kentucky and Tennessee. New Jersey Plate Glass: A. D. Kennedy & Co., general agents for Chicago and Cook county, Ill.

New York Plate Glass: S. B. Higinbotham of San Francisco, general agent for California; H. S. Warner of Chicago, general agent for Illinois; J. M. Sears & Co., general agents for Cincinnati; T. Grant Slaughter of Louisville, general agent for Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Louisiana; Francis A. Chapman of Denver, general agent for Colorado.

Alabama, Insurance Supervision in, 1860-1892. The supervision of the business of insurance in Alabama was vested in the State Auditor by an act of the Legislature, approved February 24, 1860. The term of office is four years, and the officials have been:

The clerk of the auditor's office in charge of insurance is Judge John T. Cook.

Alexander, James W., first vice president of the Equitable Life Assurance Society, was born at Princeton, N. J., July 19, 1839, and was the son of the Rev. Dr. Alexander, many years pastor of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church of New York, and nephew of the late William C. Alexander, the first president of the company. He was graduated from Princeton College in the class of 1860, and after a few years practice at the bar of New York joined the office force of the Equitable Life. He was appointed secretary in 1866, elected second vice president in 1871 and first vice president in 1874. Mr. Alexander was president of the Princeton Club of New York several years, and is the present president of the University Club of New York, and a trustee of Princeton University.

Alexander, W. A., western general agent of the Fidelity and Casualty company, was born near Corinth, Miss., May 2, 1857, where his father was, at the time, president of Carrollton College. In 1885 Mr. Alexander went to Chicago to seek his fortune, and formed a con

nection with an accident insurance company to solicit on a railroad line. This position he resigned to accept the general agency of the Fidelity and Casualty. He represents that company in its accident, steam boiler, elevator, and employers' liability departments.

Allen, Jeremiah M., president of the Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and insurance company, was born at Enfield, Conn., about 1834, and received his early education at the Westfield Academy, Mass., where he was fitted for a civil engineer. After graduation he taught school, but in April, 1865, he entered the insurance business as general agent and adjuster for the Merchants insurance company of Hartford, a position which he subsequently held for the Security Fire of New York. In 1867, he was elected the president of the Hartford Steam Boiler. Mr. Allen is identified with the prominent charitable institutions of Hartford, and has been in the city government. He is a member of several of the leading scientific societies of the United States.

Alliance assurance company of London, in January, 1892, purchased the Royal Canadian of Montreal, and reinsured its business, mostly Canadian. In the same month the announcement was made that the Alliance had purchased the business of the Union insurance company of San Francisco, and had begun writing its own policies on the Pacific coast. Mr. N. T. James, president of the Union, was appointed manager of the United States branch of the Alliance, with headquarters at San Francisco.

Alliance insurance association of New York reinsured its risks in January, 1892, in the Phenix of Brooklyn, but continued business. It reinsured its risks a second time, in September, 1892, in the United Fire of Manchester, Eng., and retired again from business. From January to September it had received about $70,000 in premiums, but its capital was somewhat impaired. The Alliance was started in 1887 as a brokers' company and was expected to get the cream of business controlled by its stockholders. The capital was $200,000 with $100.000 surplus paid in. On January 1, 1892, the net surplus was $377. Notwithstanding the efforts of the brokers to build up their own, their expectations were never realized. [See Yereance, James.]

American Annuity company of New York was incorporated in August, 1892, for life insurance and the granting of annuities. The capital stock is $100,000, with the right to increase to $1,000,000. The incorporators were Felix Kaufman, Maximilian M. Ruttenan, D. McLean Shaw, Joseph Milton Kaufman, Otto G. Dietz, James R. Moseman, I. R. Sergeant, Joseph Stetten, George H. Kraus, W. L. Sergeant, and J. J. Mooney. The company does not appear to have been formally organized.

American Casualty Insurance and Security company of Baltimore, Maryland, was incorporated January 10, and began business June 14, 1890, with a cash capital of $1,000,000. A surplus of $500,000 was also provided for by the stockholders. The incorporators were Messrs. John Gill, William Alexander Fisher, William W. Spence, Charles David Fisher, James A. Gary, Robert Sewell, and John Aspinwall Hodge, Jr. The act of incorporation conferred liberal powers, the kinds of business authorized being:

"To make insurance upon vessels, freights, goods, wares, and merchandise; upon dwelling houses, stores, and all kinds of erections and buildings; upon every and all kinds of property, including among other things, credits, profits, and choses in action, against injury, damage, loss or destruction, arising from any unknown or contingent event whatever.

To make all insurance connected with marine risks, the risks of transportation of freight, persons, and passengers, and the risks of inland navigation.

"To make insurance against fire and all insurance connected therewith.

"To make insurance upon cattle and live stock.

"To make insurance upon steam-boilers and all engines, machinery, and connections operated by steam, against explosions and accident, and to repair, alter, replace, to make inspections of, and issue certificates of inspection upon such boilers, engines, machinery, and connections.

"To make insurance upon electrical plants and appliances and all the connections thereof, against loss and damage caused remotely or directly by, or to, such plants, appliances, and connections, and to repair, alter, replace, to make inspection of, and issue certificates of inspection upon the same.

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To make insurance upon plate glass against breakage.

"To make insurance against liability of employers or others for injuries to their employes or to others.

"To make insurance against loss or damage arising remotely or directly from any of the following causes: By the action of the elements, air, wind, lightning, storm, water, flood, cold, frost, snow, heat, fire, fire damp, gases, steam, electricity, earthquakes, land-slides, rust, mildew, poisons, decay, insects, animals, wild or domestic; or by accident, negligence, trespass, theft, burglary, embezzlement, fraud, forgery, breach of trust, tort, or breach of contract.

"And, in addition to such insurance business, to guarantee the payment, performance, and collections of promissory notes, bills of exchange, contracts, bonds, accounts, claims, rents, annuities, mortgages, choses in action, evidences of debt, and certificates of property or values, and the titles to property, real or personal, on such terms as may be established by the Board of Directors of said company; to re ceive on storage, deposit, or otherwise, merchandise, bullion, specie, plate, stocks, bonds, promissory notes, certificates, and evidences of debt, contracts, or other property, and to take management, custody, and charge of real or personal estate or property, and to advance money, securities, and credit upon any property, real, personal, or mixed, on such terms, and with such powers of sale, and other disposition thereof, as shall be established by the by-laws of such corporation; and the corporation hereby created shall have full power and authority to do and perform every act and thing requisite and necessary to carry out the general business herein before set forth."

The states in which the company has been authorized to transact business, include Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,

Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.

The company in New York state is empowered to engage in steam boiler insurance, and in Massachusetts it is authorized to transact all classes of general accident and employers' liability insurance. The combination contract, which it issues, embraces:-1st, Employers' Liability Clause. 2d, Contribution Clause. 3d, Public Liability Clause. 4th, Boiler Explosion and General Casualty Clause.

The contribution clause embodies an original plan of insurance adopted by the company, and copyrighted by the management. The idea is to harmonize and cement the mutual relations existing between employer and employe, in that full indemnity is furnished for accidental death or injury, whether the employer is liable or not liable for such accidents, according to the terms and provisions of the form of insurance best adapted to the particular circumstances of each insurer. The benefits of contribution insurance are as follows:

(a) Partial Contribution Clause. Paying the assured one-half wages and doctor's bills for accidental injury of employes for fifty weeks, and half of one year's wages, doctor's bills, and funeral expenses in case of accidental death of employes, which accidental injury or death may occur to employes, actively engaged in the business of the assured on his premises or elsewhere, and not exceeding $1,500 for each person.

(b) Partial Contribution Clause. Same as above, except the limits are full wages and doctor's bills in case of accidental injury, and one year's wages, doctor's bills, and funeral expenses in case of accidental death, and not exceeding $3,000 for each person.

(c) Full Contribution Clause. Paying the assured one-half wages and doctor's bills for accidental injury of employes for fifty weeks, and one-half of one year's wages, doctor's bills, and funeral expenses in case of accidental death of employes, which accidental injury or death may occur to employes, wherever they may be, and not exceeding $1,500 for each person.

(d) Full Contribution Clause. Same as (c), excepting the limits are full wages and doctor's bills in case of accidental injury, and one year's wages, doctor's bills, and funeral expenses in case of accidental death, and not exceeding $3,000 for each person.

There is an inspection department organized and connected with the company's steam boiler insurance operations, a corps of engineers being retained for the work. The company furnishes, free of charge, plans and specifications for boilers, settings and piping for boiler houses, chimneys, etc., and has a well-equipped chemical laboratory in order to analyze the water used in boilers, to determine the presence, if any, of scale-forming ingredients, so frequently a source of trouble and injury to boilers. The company's chemists will aim to detect these injurious elements and suggest means for their removal. The assured will receive a certificate stating officially the condition of boilers, tanks, engines, elevators, etc.

In addition to the insurance provided for in the combination con

tract, separate policies are issued for steam boiler insurance, covering every conceivable hazard of a boiler explosion or rupture to property and life.

For elevator insurance, covering every accident to property and injury to person or death resulting therefrom.

For automatic sprinkler insurance, covering every loss or damage to all property of assured or others caused by water discharged or leaking from the automatic sprinkler system, whenever such discharge or leakage is occasioned by any accidental cause, except heat caused by fire.

The company's premium receipts for the year ending December 31, 1892, amounted to $2,486,699. The total income for that period was $2,543,039; total assets, $2,607,677, re-insurance reserve, $1,186,531. The losses for the year aggregated $1,103,965; dividends, $100.000, and other expenditures, $1,203,965, making total expenditures of $2,422,864 for the year.

The directors of the company for 1892 are Messrs. Edward Austen, A. Leo Knott, John M. Littig, Henry A. Parr, John B. McDonald, Edwin F. Abell, Henry W. Slocum, Arthur B. Graves, Robert Sewell, Henry B. Beecher, and Wm. E. Midgley.

The present officers of the company are Messrs. William E. Midgley, president; Edward Austen, 1st vice-president; Robert Sewell, 2d vicepresident; John J. Jackson, secretary; George H. Morand, and John W. Pulis, assistant secretaries. Beecher, Schenck & Company of New York are the general managers, and John M. Crane general superintendent.

American Employers Liability insurance company of Jersey City, N. J., was incorporated under a charter granted on May 1, 1890, and began business at that date. The charter permits a business of insurance of all classes connected with accident risks. Its special business, however, is the indemnification of employers against loss, claims, and suits on account of liability to their employes, for injuries received in the course of their employment. The company undertakes to pay on account of an accident to a single employe a sum not exceeding from $1,500 to $5,000, as fixed by its policy, and in case of accident to a number, a sum of from $10,000 to $20,000.

The cash capital of the company is $200,000, and it has deposited with the Secretary of State of New Jersey the sum of $100,000. The company is organized and controlled, and its stock is held entirely by employers of labor. It issues policies to contractors, builders, and others, protecting them against losses and claims by the public and others not in the service of the insured; also in favor of manufacturers, owners of tenement and flat houses against general public liability. It issues policies for the protection of owners of horses and vehicles against claims by the public on account of accidents. The policies also provide for indemnity against elevator accidents to persons and property, and give six inspections annually. They provide for the payment of wages, doctors' bills, funeral expenses, and a sum to the representative of workmen who may die as the result of an accident.

The officers are Jonathan H. Crane, president; John J. Tucker, vice-president; James Bowne, treasurer; John Macrae, secretary and