Manufacturing Science

abrasive grains alloy aluminium anode arc length assume atoms bending carbide casting cathode characteristics chip circuit coefficient of friction constant cooling copper cutting fluid cutting speed deformation density depends diameter discharge drill ductility electric electric discharge machining electrode electrolyte electron beam energy equation eutectic EXAMPLE feed Figure flow fluid force fracture gas welding given grinding heat source hole increases interface joint laser beam layer liquid metal m/min material removal rate maximum mechanical melting temperature mould N/mm² normally nozzle obtained operation pearlite plastic deformation potential pressure produced punch radius rake angle resistance riser rolls shape shear shear stress shown in Fig slot solid solidification SOLUTION spark steel strength surface finish tensile thermal tungsten ultrasonic uncut thickness variation velocity voltage wear weld pool welding process wheel workpiece yield stress zone