Galle, which was exhibited at the anniversary meeting of this Society, in 1850, and of which tracings have been forwarded to Ceylon. We subjoin the memoranda upon this design, as furnished by the architect. "Memoranda, explanatory of a Design for a church for "The Rev. Dr. Garstin, in his letters, applies for advice and designs for a church to contain 500 people; and he explains that it will be necessary, on account of the heat of the climate, to make the area sufficient to accommodate 750 persons according to the scale usually adopted in England. Dr. Garstin calls attention to similar difficulties connected with the climate, to those pointed out in the Bishop of Colombo's letter, published in the Ecclesiologist, October, 1847, in which he approves of a surrounding cloister to the building, to serve as a verandah, with arches filled with unglazed tracery between the same and the aisles. I have therefore generally adopted the same principles of design as those carried out in the drawings I made for Colombo cathedral; and it has likewise been my care, to secure an ample height in the building, as well as a spacious area. "The vaulting of the nave and choir is of the simplest kind, being merely barrel vaulting, with main ribs to mark the division of each bay, with two intermediate secondary ribs. The chancel vaulting is left entirely plain, as far as its construction goes, as painting will constitute its best decoration. The pierc ings in the walls and under the eaves of the chancel roof, are for the purposes of ventilation. "Dr. Garstin says there is abundance of granite fit for the walling, but if this should be too expensive, there is a freestone, I am told, which might be used as well as for the piers and arches and the tracery. The details are kept purposely very simple, and consist merely of single and double splays. Teak timber, I propose, should be used for the roofing, covered with flat tiles, which should be secured with galvanized or copper nails of a large size, instead of hard wood pegs, which the Bishop of Colombo says would be sure to rapidly decay; and he mentions this circumstance as an argument against tile-covering for roofs. "The lucerne windows, which give light to the clerestory openings, I propose should be executed in galvanized metal." To this we may add, that Mr. Carpenter's design comprised a nave above 80 ft. long by 22 ft. 6 in. broad, an apsidally ended chancel 40 feet long, aisles to the nave, and cloisters extending along the north and south sides, with a sort of narthex along the west end. Sacristies occupy the angle between the chancel and the north aisle; and a tower stands engaged at the west end of the south cloister. The ritual arrangements are quite correct. The nave has clustered, but very simple, columns, 22 ft. 6 in. high, sustaining arcades of 5 arches, 34 ft. to their crown. Above these are large cinqfoliated clerestory openings; and the vaulted roof-the principal ribs of which spring from vaulting shafts, about 54 ft. highrises to the total height of 65 ft. 9 in. Instead of windows, the aisles open by large traceried piercings to the cloister, which latter is something like an Italian loggia, but that its openings are filled with metalwork. The chancel is less lofty, has a range of single lights, at a considerable height, all round, and is vaulted, as is the nave, with chunam. Externally, the necessary simplicity of the whole detail, the great preponderance of metal-work in the roof, the overhanging eaves of the chancel (necessary to screen, from any direct admission of light, the window within), combine to give a very unusual effect. But a close inspection will reveal many merits and the metal-work generally, the well-developed ridge-crests, the metal dormers which admit light to the clerestory, and the simple treatment of the tower (which has a kind of saddle-back roof, like that of the north-west tower of Rouen), strike us as being very ably and picturesquely treated. We shall be curious to hear how far the design is approved of and appreciated at Point-de-Galle. [P.S.-The discrepancy between the prescribed conditions of this church, and the views so admirably propounded by Mr. Scott in his paper on Tropical Architecture in this number, need scarcely be pointed out. On the one hand, however, Mr. Carpenter can scarcely be blamed for responding to the conditions laid down by persons long resident in Ceylon as those most fitted for that climate. On the other hand, Mr. Scott's views, though in our own opinion they almost carry conviction with them, have not yet been formally adopted by ecclesiologists. We are rather glad, we confess, that the pro and the con of this important controversy should be so clearly contrasted in the same number, for the furtherance, as we hope, of the final settlement of the question.-ED.] CHAPTER XVIII.-FREDERICTON. THE following account of the new church of S. Andrew, Newcastle, built by the exertions of the Rev. J. Hudson, of Miramichi, who has had much correspondence with this Society, during the progress of the work, on many points of architecture and ornamentation, is taken from a newspaper called The New Brunswick Churchman, very lately started at Fredericton under the auspices of the Bishop. The passage is extracted from an interesting notice of one of Bishop Medley's visitation tours. "The Bishop, with a large party, crossed the ferry to Newcastle, and consecrated S. Andrew's church, built by the zealous exertions of the missionary, the Rev. J. Hudson, being the fourth church erected by him in ten years. Aid was liberally granted by the societies at home, and by our own diocesan society, as well as smaller sums by numerous donors in several parts of the province. The congregation filled the church before the arrival of the clergy, who entered it chanting the 24th Psalm, the Bishop taking one verse and the clergy another. The Psalms and Canticles were also chanted to the 5th tone. The usual service for consecration was read, except that, in the presentation of the communion plate for the use of the church, Bishop Patrick's prayer was used. It would be desirable that all new churches should have some communion plate ready for the day of consecration. Seven clergy were present, who took part in the service. The Bishop preached from Isa. xxx. 15,—In quietness and confidence shall be your strength.' After the sermon, while the offertory sentences were read, £35 was collected in alms: many remained to communicate. In the afternoon (after refreshment provided by the missionary in a large tent), divine service was again held in the church, and the Rev. G. Townshend, Rector of Amherst, N.S., preached on reverential worship in the House of GoD. curve. "The church of S. Andrew, Newcastle, is on a small scale one of the most successful efforts in Colonial church building. Its dimen. sions are, chancel 19 ft. by 12 ft. 6 in., nave 42 ft. by 19 ft. 3 in., height of walls 14 ft.; the roof is open and equilateral, and the ties which connect the principal rafters meet simply in the form of an X, or S. Andrew's cross. The principals are carried down below in a The seats are all open and free, and the standards solid and plain, but handsome-a low and somewhat massive screen separates the nave from the chancel. The windows are of two lights, with a simple quatrefoil in the head; the east window of three lights, with similar early tracery. It is filled with painted glass by Mr. Wailes, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, and contains three figures of Apostles. The other windows contain flowered quarries, by Messrs. Powell, of Whitechapel, London, which have an excellent effect. The glass is of great thickness, and the price about 4s. sterling per foot. The walls have buttresses externally, and the porch, which is of good projection, has an ornamental verge-board; a small bell-turret crowns the west end, in which is a bell weighing 4 cwt. The church is lighted by two most handsome coronæ lucis, which are painted and gilt. Divine service is held here chiefly on Sunday evenings, as the missionary has three other churches to serve." S. NINIAN'S CATHEDRAL, PERTH. On the 11th of December, 1850, so much of the cathedral church of S. Ninian, at Perth, as is already erected, was consecrated by the Bishop of Brechin, acting for the Bishop of S. Andrew's. As this is one of the most important ecclesiological works of the day, and perhaps, if both size and means be taken into consideration, the greatest effort yet made since the revival, we shall be excused for giving a detailed account of the building. The architect, as our readers know, is Mr. Butterfield. The building, when finished, will consist of choir, sacristy, extending along its whole north side, quasi-transepts, nave of five bays with aisles, two engaged western towers with spires, and a light central campanile. At present, one bay only of the nave is completed. The finished cathedral will be somewhat under 200 feet in length, and therefore of the average size of the ancient Scotch cathedrals: but in its height, which is nearly seventy feet, it rivals Glasgow, the highest of them. The style is Middle-Pointed, of course; but not in its earliest phase. In the choir, the great east window has five lights, with an eightfoiled wheel for its tracery; and in the gable is a small quatrefoiled circle, which adds very much to its effect. On each side of the choir is one quasi-clerestory window of four lights, with a touch of that Flamboyant character which appears pretty early in the Middle-Pointed of Scotland. The altar is well thrown up, and its large size adds great dignity to the cathedral. We should have preferred, for the form, some more usual medieval arrangement: the mensa is supported on side slabs, which latter are pierced in a saltire-wise quatrefoil. This is of course not visible. The altar cross is singularly happy; the centre is jewelled. The whole east end of the choir is hung with silk; this, though rich and good, when closely inspected has at a distance, to our eyes, somewhat of a dingy effect. The altar-hangings were not completed by the consecration: they are by Mr. French, of Bolton, whose late works of this kind we can most cordially recommend. The footpace, &c., have encaustic tiles, not rich, but very effectively laid. The combinations and contrasts of coloured half-tiles, particularly, deserve notice. We may here observe, that all the decorations are of the simplest kind. The only wonder is, that such a sum could in Scotland have been collected for such a purpose, and that so much could have been done for that sum. The sedilia are perfectly plain, and under one obtuse arch. The whole back is coloured; we believe that the architect is not responsible for this arrangement, though it is not bad. On the north side of the sanctuary is the bishop's altar chair, one of the prettiest pieces of woodwork we ever saw, To the west of this is a trefoiled door, leading into the sacristy and again, to the west of that, and filling the space under the window, a very well turned arch, in which the organ pipes find their place, and thus form a kind of northern screen. The polychrome here is very successful. : We now come to the stalls. Both these and the subsellæ are of deal, and very simple; and, as the present foundation of the cathedral is only for four dignitaries, there are, very properly, but four elbowed stalls; the other seats being a mere bench. Nevertheless, we cannot but regard the arrangement here as the worst thing in the cathedral. The stalls are not returned (we do not enter into the question whether the stalls of a cathedral should not always be returned); but nevertheless a separate-what shall we call it? chair, seat, or stasidion is placed for the dean and for the chanter, where they would have sat had the usual arrangement been carried out. The backs of these chairs, seen above the iron grill of the screen, catch the eye of the spectator in the nave, and rivet it on themselves. Now we do maintain that, if the returned arrangement were given up, it ought to have been so altogether; the dean and chanter should have been placed at the west end of the north and south stalls. As it is, all the objections which are alleged against returns are still in force; and an arrangement, without precedent, is also without meaning. The bishop's throne is in the usual place, and not a very fortunate design. The stalls are not floored, but paved and carpeted. We believe, however, that the present stalls, and also the sedilia, are but temporary. We proceed to the screen. It was the architect's desire to combine a complete separation of choir and nave, with a great degree of lightness and pervisibleness (if we may coin a word), and in this he has most completely succeeded. The choir is raised on three steps, which of course only jut out opposite the holy doors, and leave the aggregate height for the perpeyn wall, which forms the foundation of the stalls. On the top of this is a low fence of-what is Mr. Butterfield's forte-wrought iron, partially gilt to great effect. The doors are of the same material. If this were all, though the division of nave and choir would in reality be complete, yet a constructional appearance of such division would have been wanting. Now then, comes the happy, though perhaps not very English idea. Three immense stone arches (they are nearly twenty feet in height from the floor of the nave) span the chancel arch. The shafts are circular, of polished Peterhead marble. The mouldings are very fine; the spandrils partly pierced, and the effect altogether very remarkable. If we regret any thing, it is, that with such a substructure, a jubé, most convenient for such a cathedral, was not introduced. Above this screen rises the simple choir arch from corbelled imposts. The roof of the choir is simply coved, and powdered with red flowers; that of the sanctuary, ribbed, and diapered in quatrefoils. The westernmost of these ribs springs from a shaft which, dividing sanctuary and choir, is corbelled off at its junction on the string, returned from the east window. In the centre of the choir is a brazen lettern, very imposing. It is not, however, quite finished, as there is at present no bottom to the gable. We are very glad to say, that this lettern is not used for reading the lessons, but simply for the hymns and anthems. And we can assure our readers that, had they seen, as we did on the day of dedication, the priests and choir cluster round this lettern, and then thunder out the Urbs beata Jerusalem, as arranged in our own Hymnal Noted, they would have some idea how glorious a thing is Gregorian Hymnody. With the It is now proper to speak of the arrangement for light. exception of the lights on the altar, gas is every where else employed. In the sanctuary are two brazen standards, very prettily floriated, and carrying very numerous jets; and in the nave is a simple corona, lighted in the same way. But the principal effect depends on the following arrangement. Along the west side of the rood beam runs a gas-pipe, pierced with innumerable jets: these, seen from the eastward, form a cresting of beads of light; while, invisible from the nave, they light up the whole choir with an effect almost magical. The gas-apparatus, and that for warm air, is in a crypt below the sacristy. The principal feature in the transepts is the great rose of fifteen lights. The tracery has, as it ought to have, a foreign air. The win |