CLERK of the Pells, an officer that belongs to the exchequer, whofe bufinefs is to enter every teller's bill into a parcl.nent-roll called pellis receptorum; and to make another roll of payments called pellis exituum.

the writ of error, made out by the curfitor, is brought there to be determined. In the king's bench, the clerk of the errors tranfcribes and certifies the records of caufes, by bill, in that court, into the exchequer. And the bufinefs of the clerk of the errors in the exchequer, is to transcribe the records certified thither out of the king's bench, and to prepare them for judgment in the exchequer-chamber.

CLERK of the Effoins, in the court of common pleas, keeps the effoin roll, or enters effoins: he alfo provides parchment, cuts it into rolls, marks the number on them, delivers out all the rolls to every officer, and receives them again when written. See EssOIN.

CLERK of the Eftreats, an officer in the exchequer, who every term receives the eftreats out of the lordtreafurer's remembrancer's office, and writes them out to be levied for the crown.

CLERK of the Green-cloth, formerly an officer in chancery, but now abolished.

CLERK of the Hamper, or Haper, an officer in chancery, whofe bufinefs is to receive all money due to the king for the feals of charters, letters patent, commiffions, and writs; alfo the fees due to the officers for enrolling and examining them.

CLERK-Comptroller of the King's Houfehold, an officer of the king's court, authorifed to allow or difallow the charges of purfuivants, meflengers of the greencloth, &c. to infpect and controul all defects of any of the inferior officers; and to fit in the counting-houfe with the lord-fteward and other officers of the household for regulating fuch matters.

CLERK of the King's Silver, an officer of the common pleas, to whom every fine is brought, after it has paffed the office of the cuftos brevium; and who enters the effect of writs of covenant, into a book kept for that purpofe, according to which all the fines of that term are recorded in the rolls of the court.

CLERK of the Market, an officer of the king's house, to whom is given the charge of the king's measures and weights, the ftandards of thofe that ought to be ufed all over England.

CLERK of the Nichils, or Nihils, an officer of the exchequer, who makes a roll of all fuch fums as are nichilled by the sheriffs upon their eftreats of green wax, and delivers them in to the remembrancer of the treafury, to have execution done upon them for the king. See NIHIL.

CLERK of the Ordnance. See ORDNANCE. CLERK of the Outlawries, an officer of the common pleas, and deputy to the attorney-general, for making out all writs of capias utlegatum after outlawry, to which there must be the king's attorney's name.

CLERK of the Paper-office, an officer belonging to the king's bench, whose business is to make up the paperbooks of fpecial pleadings in that court.

CLERK of the Peace, an officer belonging to the feffions of the peace, whofe bufinefs is to read indictments, inrol the proceedings, and draw the procefs: he likewife certifies into the king's bench tranfcripts of indictments, outlawries, attainders, and convictions had before the juftices of peace, within the time limited by ftatute, under a certain penalty. This office is in the gift of the cuftos rotulorum, and may be executed by deputy.

CLERK of the petty Bag, an officer of the court of chancery, whereof there are three, the mafter of the rolls being the chief: their bufinefs is to record the return of all inquifitions out of every fhire; to make out patents of cuftomers, gaugers, comptrollers, &c.; liberates upon extent of ftatutes-ftaple; conge d'elires for bishops; fummons of the nobility, clergy, and burgeffes to parliament; and commiffions directed to knights and others of every thire, for affefling fubfidies and taxes.

CLERK of the Pipe, an officer of the exchequer, who having the accounts of all debts due to the king, delivered out of the remembrancers's office, charges them in a great roll folded up like a pipe. He writes out warrants to fheriffs, to levy the faid debts on the goods. and chattels of the debtors; and if they have no goods, then he draws them down to the treasurer's remembrancer to write eftreats against their lands.

CLERK of the Pleas, an officer of the exchequer, in whofe office all the officers of the court, having fpecial privilege, ought to fue or be fued in any action. In this office alfo actions at law may be profecuted by other perfons, but the plaintiff ought to be tenant or debtor to the king, or fome way accountable to him. The under clerks are attorneys in all fuits.

CLERKS of the Privy-feal, four officers that attend the lord privy feal, for writing and making out all things. that are fent by warrant from the fignet to the privy feal, and to be paffed the great feal; and likewife to make out privy feals, upon fpecial occafions of his majesty's affairs, as for loan of money, or the like.

CLERK of the Rolls, an officer of the chancery, whofe bufinefs is to make searches after, and copies of deeds, officers, &c.

CLERK of the Signet, an officer continually attending. upon his majefty's principal fecretary, who has the cu-ftody of the privy fignet, as well for fealing the king's private letters as thofe grants which pafs the king's hand by bill figned. There are four of these officers who have their diet at the fecretary's table.

Six CLERKS, officers in chancery next in degree be-low the twelve masters, whose business is to inrol commiffions, pardons, patents, warrants, &c. which paísthe great feal. They were anciently clerici, and forfeited their places if they married. Thefe are alfo attorneys for parties in fuits depending in the court of chancery.

CLERK of the Treafury, an officer belonging to thecourt of common pleas, who has the charge of keeping the records of the court, makes out all records of nift prius, and likewife all exemplifications of records being in the treasury. He has the fees due for all fearches;. and has under him an under keeper, who always keeps one key of the treafury-door.

CLERK of the Warrants, an officer of the common pleas, whofe bufinefs is to enter all warrants of attorney for plaintiffs and defendants in fuit; and to inrol deeds of bargain and fale, that are acknowledged in court, or before a judge. His office is likewife to eftreat into the exchequer all iffues, fines, cftreats, and amercements,,

# Clermont.

court.

cy

preferved by Walton. The MS. itfelf was in the Cleroman. poffeffion of Morinus; and after his death depofited among the MS. copies of the Royal Library at Paris, C'eveland. N° 2245.

CLEROMANCY, a kind of divination performed by the throwing of dice, or little bones; and obferving the points, or marks, turned up. The word comes from xampos, "lot," and Maria, "divination." At Bura, a city of Achaia, was a temple and cebiated oracle of Hercules; where fuch as confulted the oracle, after praying to the idol, threw four dies, the points whereof being well fcanned by the priest, he was fuppofed to draw an anfwer from them.

Something of this kind feems to have been practifed with regard to Jonah.

CLERVAL, a town of France, in the Franche Comté, feated on the river Doux, belonging to the houfe of Wirtemburgh, but depends on the crown of France. E. Long. 5. 57. N. Lat. 46. 35.

Chrke amercements, which grow due to the crown in that CLERKE (Captain Charles), a celeb sated English navigator, was bred up in the navy from his youth, and was prefent in feveral actions during the war of 1755. In that between the Bellona and Courageux he was in great danger; for having been ftationed in the mizen-top on board the former, the maft was carried overboard by a fhot, and he fell into the fea along with it: but, however, was taken up without having received any injury When Commodore Byron made his fuft voyage round the world, Mr Clerke ferved on board his ship in quality of a midshipman; and was afterwards on the American ftation. In the year 1768, he failed round the world a fecond time in the Endeavour, on board of which he ferved in the ftation of mafler's mate; but, during the voyage, fucceeded to a lieutenancy. He returned in 1775, and was foon after appointed mafter and commander. When Cap. tain Cook undertook his laft voyage, Mr Clerke was appointed Captain of the Difcovery; and in confequence of the death of Captain Cook, naturally fucceeded to the fupreme command. He did not, however, long enjoy his new dignity. Before his departure from England, he had manifeft symptoms of a confumption. Of this difcafe he lingered during the whole of the voyage; and his long refidence in the cold northern climates cut eff all hopes of recovery: but though fenfible that the only chance he had of prolonging his life was by a fpeedy return to a warmer climate, his attention to his duty was fo great, that he perfevered in search of a paffage between the Afiatic and American continents until every one of the officers was of opinion that it was impracticable. He bore his diftemper with great firmness and equanimity, retaining a good flow of spirits to the laft; and died on the 22d of August 1778, in the 38th year of his age, the fhip being then within view of the coaft of Kamtfchatka.

CLERKE's Ifland lies on the western fide of the American continent, in N. Lat. 63. 15. and E. Long. 190. 30. It was difcovered by Captain Cook in his latt voyage, but a landing could not be effected. At a diflance it appeared to be of confiderable extent, and to have feveral hills connected with the low grounds in fuch a manner as to make it look like a group of islands. Near its eastern extremity is a little inland remarkable for having three elevated recks upon it. Both the large and fmall ifland are uninhabited.

CLERMONT, a confiderable, rich, and populous town of France, in Auvergne, with a bifhop's fee. The cathedral, the public fquares, and the walks, are very fine. Here is a bridge naturally formed, as they pretend, by the petrifying quality of a fountain. E. Long. 3. 18. N. Lat. 45. 47.

CLERMONT Manufcript, is a copy of St Paul's Epifiles, found in the monastery of Clermont in France, and used by Beza, together with the Cambridge MS. in preparing his edition of the New Tellament. This copy is in the octavo form, and is written on fine vellum in Greek and Latin, with fome mutilations. Beza fuppofes that it is of equal antiquity with the Cambridge copy; but both were probably written by a Latin fcribe in a later period than he affigns to them. The various readings of this MS. were communicated to archbishop Üfher, and they are

CLERVAUX, one the most celebrated and finest abbeys of France, in Champagne, five miles from Barfur-Aube, and feated in a valley furrounded with woodɛ and mountains. It is the chief of the Ciftercian order. Here is the famous Tun of St Bernard, which will hold 800 tuns of wine. Near this abbey is a small

town.

CLESIDES, a Greek painter, about 276 years before Chrift, in the reign of Antiochus I. He revenged the injuries he had received from queen Stratonice by representing her in the arms of a fisherman. However indecent the painter might represent the queen, the was drawn with fuch perfonal beauty, that the preferved the piece and liberally rewarded the ar· tit.

CLETHRA, in botany: A genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the decandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 18th order, Bicornes. The calyx is quinquepartite; the petals five; the figma trifid; the capfule trilocular and three-valved. There is but one fpecies, viz. the Alnifolia. This is a native of Virginia and Carolina, where it grows in moift places, and near the fides of rivulets, rifing near eight or ten feet high. The leaves are shaped like thofe of the alder-tree, but longer; thefe are placed alternately upon the branches: the flowers are produced in clofe fpikes at the extremities of the branches; they are white, compofed of five petals, and have ten flamina in each, nearly of the fame length with the petals. This is hardy enough to bear the open air in Britain, and is one of the most beautiful flowering fhrubs. Its feafon is commonly about the beginning of July; and, if the season is not very hot, there will be part of the fpikes in beauty till the middle of September. This fhrub will thrive belt in mont land, and requires a fheltered fituation, where it may be defended from ftrong winds, which frequently break off the branches where they are too much expofed to their violence. It is propagated by layers, but they are generally two years before they take root. It may also be propagated by fuckers, which are fent out from the roots: if thefe are carefully taken off with fibres in the autumn, and planted in a nurferybed, they will be ftrong enough in two years to tranfplant where they are to remain.

CLEVELAND, a district in the north riding of
York-

CLIMAX, or GRADATION, in rhetoric, a figure wherein the word or expreffion which ends the first member of a period begins the fecond, and fo on; fo that every member will make a diftinct fentence, taking its rife from the next foregoing, till the argument and period be beautifully finished; as in the following gradation of Dr Tillotfon: "After we have practifed good actions a while, they become eafy; and when they are eafy, we begin to take pleasure in them; and when they please us, we do them frequently; and by frequency of acts, a thing grows into a habit; and confirmed habit is a kind of fecond nature; and so far as any thing is natural, fo far it is neceffary; and we can hardly do otherwife; nay, we do it many times when we do not think of it."

CLINCH, in the fea-language, that part of a cable which is bended about the ring of the anchor, and then feized or made faft.

CLINCHING, in the fea-language, a kind of flight caulking ufed at fea, in a profpect of foul weather, about the pofts: it confifts in driving a little oakum into their feams, to prevent the water coming in at

CLINIAS, a Pythagorean philofopher, and mufician, in the 65th Olympiad. He was wont to affuage his paffion, being very choleric, by his lyre.

CLINOPODIUM, FIELD-BASIL: A genus of the gymnofpermia order, belonging to the didynamia clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 41ft order, Afperifolia. The involucrum confifts many fmall briftles under the verticillus or whirl of flowers. There are fix fpecies, all of them herbaceous plants, growing from one to two feet high. They are remarkable only for their ftrong odour, being fomewhat between marjoram and bafil.

of

CLIO, in pagan mythology, the firft of the mufes, daughter of Jupiter and Mnemofyne. She prefided over hiftory. She is reprefented crowned with laurels, holding in one hand a trumpet, and a book in the other. Sometimes fhe holds a plectrum or quill with

o 188 180 178 177

a lute. Her name fignifies honour and reputation, κλεος, gloria; and it was her office faithfully to record the actions of brave and illuftrious heroes. She had Hyacintha by Pierius, fon of Magnes.

Plate

CLIO, in zoology, a genus of infects belonging to the order of vermes mollufca. The body is oblong and cxxxvi fitted for fwimming; and it has two membranaceous wings placed oppofite to each other. The fpecies are three, principally diftinguished by the shape of their vagina, and are all natives of the ocean.

CLIPEUS, in natural history, a name given to the flat depreffed centroniæ, from their resembling a shield. See CENTRONIA.

CLISTHENES, a famous Athenian magiftrate, the author of the mode of banishing ambitious citizens by oftracifm, or writing their names upon a fhell: the intention was patriotic, but it was abused like all other human inftitutions; fome of the worthiest citizens of Athens being thus exiled. He died 510 years before Chrift.

CLITOMACHUS, the philofopher, flourished about 140 years before Chrift. He was born at Carthage; quitted his country at 40 years of age; and went to Athens, where he became the difciple and fucceffor of Carneades. He compofed many books, but they are all loft.

CLITORIA, in botany: A genus of the decandria order, belonging to the diadelphia class of plants;, and in the natural method ranking under the 32d or der, Papilionacea. The corolla is fupine, or turned down-fide up; with the vexillum or flag-petal very large, patent, and almoft covering the ale or wing-petals. There are four fpecies, all of them herbaceous perennials, or annuals, of the kidney-bean kind, grow-ing naturally in both the Indies. The ftalk is climbing, flender, and of the height of a man. The leaves are winged, placed alternately, and confift of two, three, or five pair of lobes, terminated by an odd one. flowers, which are elegant, ftand fingly, each on its proper foot-ftalk. They are very large, and generally of a deep blue, but fometimes of a white colour. From the fruit of this plant is diftilled an eye-water. The beans reduced to powder, and taken in broth, to the quantity of two drachms, prove a gentle purge;. and Grimmius remarks, in his Labor Ceyl. that the powder of the dried beans, being mixed with the milk. of the cocoa nut, or with broth, and administered in

I

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quantity