e suo complexu ut eriperer] cf. or. p. Sest. § 53 cum ego me e complexu patriae conspectuque vestro eripuissem, or. p. Cael. § 59 cum Q. Metellus abstraheretur e sinu gremioque patriae.

facile pateretur] § 62 1. 31, § 63 l. 5.

1. 29. hortos] n. to de off. III § 58 1. 2.

M. Laenii Flacci] M. Laenius Flaccus was a friend of Atticus (ep. ad Att. v 20, 8; 21, 4). In the speech pro Sestio § 131 Cic. again refers to the kindness he and other members of his family had shown him, cum me domus eadem optimorum et doctissimorum virorum, M. Laenii Flacci et patris et fratris eius, laetissima exciperet, quae proximo anno maerens receperat et suo praesidio periculoque defenderat; also again in a letter to his family (ad fam. XIV 4, 2) nos Brundisii apud M. Laenium Flaccum dies XIII fuimus, virum optimum, qui periculum fortunarum et capitis sui prae mea salute neglexit neque legis improbissimae poena deductus est, quo minus hospitii et amicitiae ius officiumque praestaret: huic utinam aliquando gratiam referre possimus! habebimus quidem semper.

1. 30. omnis metus] 'every kind of fear,' because of the 'lex Clodia quae poenam irrogabat eis, qui Ciceronem exulem inter 400,000 passuum tecto excepissent.' Manutius ad or. p. Sest. § 131. Wunder reads with two MSS omnes metus, comparing or. p. Sest. § 35 sed me alii metus atque aliae curae monuerunt, de harusp. resp. § 55 iam omnes isti, qui portenduntur, metus exstinguentur.

proponeretur] § 5 l. 30, § 89 1. 28.

1. 32. dimittere] § 94 29.

P. 40, 1. 2. exaudiens] exaudire signifies, not, as Long supposes, 'to hear when there is the obstacle of space or something else in the way,' but to hear distinctly,' with complete apprehension of the words employed, whether the speaker be far off or near, e. g. ep. ad Att. IV 8, 6 dic, oro te, clarus; vix enim mihi exaudisse videor, de legg. I § 21 etenim propter hunc concentum avium strepitumque fluminum non vereor condiscipulorum ne quis exaudiat, i.e. ne quis plane percipiat me hoc concessisse, or. p. Sull. § 33, maxima voce ut omnes exaudire possint, ib. § 34 ut idem omnes exaudiant, clarissima voce dicam, where see Halm's note, or. p. Ligar. § 6 quantum voce potero contendam, ut hoc populus Romanus exaudiat, or. p. Mil. te appello et ea voce ut me exaudire possis.

Dyrrhachium petere contendi] 'I made all haste to reach Dyrrhachium,' cf. above § 96 1. 22, Verg. Aen. I 157 quae proxima litora cursu contendunt petere. Garatoni refers to a letter from Cic. to his family (ad fam. XIV I §7 Dyrrachium veni, quod et libera civitas est (ideoque lege Clodia non tenetur) et in me officiosa et proxuma Italiae. Sed si me offendet loci celebritas, alio me conferam; this letter however was not written on his first visit to Dyrrhachium but on his return thither, Nov. 26th, and so he writes again ib. ep. 3 § 4 ego eo

nomine sum Dyrrhachi (ab Thessalonica) hoc tempore (Nov. 30th), ut quam celerrume quid agatur audiam; et sum tuto: civitas enim haec semper a me defensa est. On his former visit he had not thought of going to Thessalonica, but to Cyzicus (per Macedoniam Cyzicum petebamus ib. 4 § 3, nobis iter est in Asiam, maxime Cyzicum ep. ad Att. III 4, dated April 19th, the very day of his arrival at Brundisium), his object being to get as far as possible from Rome.

§ 98, 1. 4. refertam sceleratissimorum hominum] For the genitive after refertam cf. or. de imp. Cn. Pomp. § 31 referto praedonum mari, or. p. Font. § 11 referta Gallia negotiatorum est, and see Madvig Gr. § 268 a obs. 1, Roby Gr. II § 1336. These were the reliquiae of the conspirators who had fled and dispersed themselves through Greece because of Cicero's proceedings.

1. 7. cum tamen-viam] 'since they were only several days' journey off' and therefore might easily hear of his arrival.

1. 11. aliquando] 'at some time though not so soon as I might,' 'at length and high time too,' § 17 1. 26, § 33 I. 4, § 36 1. 12, § 47 1. 11. On the form confiteare see Mayor's note on Cic. Philipp. 11 § 19 1. 4 p. 74.

1. 14. nam] resumptive, as in Greek yap is occasionally used, see Shilleto on Dem. or. de falsa leg. § 107, and cp. above § 36 1. 12, Zumpt Gr. § 739.

1. 15. lictoribus dimissis] the quaestors were allowed lictors in the provinces, but not at Rome, as we learn from A. Gellius N. A. XIII c. 2. insignibus abiectis] because his visit to Cicero was not an official

one.

§ 99, 1. 19. rem-crudelem-nefariam] sc. non per se, sed ob

1. 21. quaestorium] sc. aedificium, 'the quaestor's official residence.' It is used of 'the quaestor's tent' in the camp by Liv. X 33, 9. The official residence of the governor of the province (which was always called praetorium, whatever his title) was closed to him, because L. Apuleius Saturninus, the propraetor of Macedonia in B. C. 58 (§§ 19, 28), was, like Vergilius, afraid to receive him.

1. 22. nihil dicam amplius] § 96 1. 15.

1. 26. ea subire et perpeti] § 13 1. 5, § 79 1. 32.

§ 100, 1. 27. L. Tubero] L. Aelius Tubero was one of Cicero's most intimate friends, as we learn from the speech p. Ligario § 21 where he says domi una eruditi, militiae contubernales (in the Marsic war), post affines, in omni denique vita familiares; magnum etiam vinculum, quod eisdem studiis semper usi sumus. He went with Q. Cicero to Asia as his legate in B. C. 60. Cic. speaks of him as a man of talent and cultivation (homo cum ingenio tum etiam doctrina excellens, or. p.

Ligar. § 10), and in a letter to his brother (II, 3 § 10) of his writing a history. The Academic philosopher Aenesidemus dedicated to him his IIuppavio óyo. We learn from Cicero's letters (as is shewn by Garatoni) when Tubero came to him, Quintus frater cum ex Asia decessisset ante Kal. Maias et Athenas venisset Idibus Maiis ep. ad Att. III 9. Tubero might easily have reached Thessalonica in June. Cicero remained there with Plancius, though he was uncomfortable and constantly thinking about leaving it for Epirus or Cyzicus (ep. ad Att. III 14, 2 ego propter viae celebritatem et quotidianam expectationem rerum novarum non commovi me adhuc Thessalonica; sed iam extrudimur, non a Plancio-nam is quidem retinet-verum ab ipso loco minime apposito ad tolerandam in tanto luctu calamitatem, cf. ib. 15 § 6, 16) until he finally decided Sept. 16th to visit Atticus in Epirus, 19 § 1. Still he did not leave Plancius until Nov. 13th, when he suddenly returned to Dyrrhachium, which he reached before the 26th, when he sent a letter to Atticus (III 22), partly written at Thessalonica. Me adhuc Plancius liberalitate sua retinet iam aliquoties conatum ire in Epirum; spes homini est iniecta, non eadem, quae mihi, posse nos una decedere, quam rem sibi magno honori sperat fore; sed iam, cum adventare milites dicentur, faciendum nobis erit, ut ab eo discedamus. So he writes to his family (XIV 1, 3) Plancius, homo officiosissimus, me cupit esse secum et adhuc retinet; sperat posse fieri, ut mecum in Italiam decedat cet.

1. 28.

decedens ex Asia] § 65 1. 32.

1. 30. me ire-comparantem] 'when I was getting ready to go,' cf. Ovid Trist. II 2 v. 267 si quis tamen urere tecta comparat, audaces instruit igne manus, Vergil Culex v 205 in requiem fessos dare comparat artus.

1. 31. eius provinciae-necessitudinem] 'the friendly relations' between Cicero and Asia continued from the time when Cic. exposed Verres' delinquencies there. They were renewed later, when he procured for Pompeius the command in Asia, and repeatedly defended the interests of the farmers-general (publicani) in Asia.

P. 41, 1. 1. abiecta quaestoria persona comitisque sumpta] 'throwing off his official character as quaestor and assuming that of a companion'; a metaphor from the mask used by players, which varied according to the different characters to be represented. Cf. the phrases personam capere, demere, deponere, detrahere, gerere, induere, suscipere, sustinere, tenere, tueri.

Peroration

§ 100-8 104. Cic. makes a pathetic appeal to the court on behalf of his client, the saviour of his life, to whom he had promised in his days of exile a grateful return from his countrymen for the services rendered to himself, and entreats the jury to fulfil that promise which he had made in full reliance on their generous sympathy with his own misfortunes-sympathy which an adverse vote would make him think he had forfeited.

CHAPTER XLII

§ 101, 1. 3. o excubias tuas miseras] 'o wretched were those watchings of yours!' Cic. uses o with the accusative more frequently than with the nominative; the vocative is not found, because he seldom uses the interjection in direct addresses to persons. See Reid on de sen. § 66 1. 8. excubiae means lit. 'lying out of the house,' 'a lying out on guard' especially at night by sentinels appointed to keep watch; vigiliae, a keeping awake in expectation of and for security against a threatened danger, custodia is watchful care.' Two of the three words are not unfrequently found together in Cic. as in or. p. Marc. § 32 omnes tibi excubias et custodias pollicemur, or. p. Mil. § 67 si excubiae, si vigiliae, or. Philipp. XII § 24 haec mea sedes est, haec vigilia, hacc custodia, or. in Cat. 1 § 8 coloniam meis praesidiis, custodiis vigiliisque munitam, II § 26, Philipp. VII § 24 cuius ego excubias et custodias mei capitis cognovi.

1. 5. si quidem] 'if indeed.' expressing the avowed condition on which the adjectives miseras, flebilis, acerbas, infelicem are true. 'Lacrimosis lemmatibus iam perorat, adfectus animi sui cum varia miseratione proluens (promens Madvig), ut tantum auxilii reus habeat, quantum suo dolori patronus adiecerit.' SCHOL. BOB.

1. 6. mortuus] for si mortuus essem, Zumpt Gr. § 635 note 1, Madvig Gr. § 347 c, Kenn. Gr. p. 473 § 217, cf. n. to de off. I § 157 1. 3.

1. 9. praesentem] 'in person.'

1. 10. gratias relaturum] the plural gratiae is rarely used with referre, except when thanks are due or rendered by more than one person. Cf. or. Phil. 111 § 39 senatui magnae curae esse ac fore, ut pro tantis eorum in rem p. meritis honores eis habeantur, gratiaeque referantur, Plaut. Amph. I 1. 28 nae illi, si merito meo referre studeant gratias. Hence Orelli followed by Hirschfelder would read gratiam in this passage.

sin-ademisset] for the tense see § 9, 1. 27 n.

1. 11. peremisset]=impedisset, irritum reddidisset; cf. above § 90 1. 8, de off. 111 § 33 1.7 n., or. p. Sest. § 49 si causam publicam mea mors peremisset.

hos] sc. iudices.

1. 13. quid-repetis] 'why do you claim the fulfilment of my promises?'

1. 15. pollicebar-promittebam] polliceri (from an old preposition por or port and liceor, cf. porrigere, portendere) is 'to offer,' 'engage

from a free impulse.' It is only found in Cic. in passages where a man undertakes to do a thing for himself, whereas promittere signifies 'to cause to expect,' 'to give hope or promise of,' whether in reference to oneself or another. Cf. ep. ad fam. VII 5, 4 neque mehercule minus ei prolixe de tua voluntate promisi, quam eram solitus de mea polliceri, where with regard to Trebatius, Cic. could only express his hope, with regard to himself he could actually promise, or. in Cat. I § 32.

1. 17. vel vitae periculo] abl. of attendant circumstances, with noun in the genitive case as predicate, § 67 1. 31, Roby Gr. II 1242, Madv. Gr. § 277, Zumpt Gr. § 646, de off. 11 § 61 1. 10, III § 49 1. 9. Cf. or. p. Sest. § 50 periculo rei p. vivebam.

1. 20. lacrimas—reddere] like beneficium reddere de off. I § 48.

acerbitatibus] cf. or. in Cat. IV § 1 ut omnis acerbitates, omnis dolores cruciatusque perferrem. On the use of the plural of abstract substantives see my n. to de off. I § 78 1. 3.

§ 102, 1. 21. quid possum aliud nisi] sc. facere, Zumpt Gr. § 771, § 735, Roby Gr. II 1441.

1. 22. te cum mea salute complecti] i. e. ita te complecti, ut meam salutem cum tua coniungam, 'to link your life and interests with mine.' Cf. § 90 1. 3, or. p. Mur. § 2 ut-beneficium populi Romani cum vestra-salute tueatur, i.e. 'to the preservation of your safety.' On the meaning of complecti see n. to § 82 1. 26, or. p. Sest. § 146 ego vero vos in omni fortuna-complectar.

salutem tibi eidem reddiderunt] eximius locus ad permovendos iudices. Procliviorem facit impetrandi facilitatem, constituens in eorum misericordia firmamentum salutis Cn. Plancii, per quos ipse sit reditum consecutus. Ita eleganter et pro' se gratias agit, et huic pares humanitatis eventus deprecatur. SCHOL. BOB.

1. 24. retinebo] 'I will not let you go into exile.'

deprecatorem] takes here the genitive of a thing which it is sought to secure, as or. p. Sest. § 27 deprecatores salutis meae 'intercessors for my safety.' Elsewhere it takes a gen. of that which it is desired to avert by praying, e.g. or. p. Flacco § 1 miseriarum deprecatorem, or. p. Balb. § 41, § 42 periculi deprecatores.

1. 27. non dicam-in me] acuta inest simulatio modestiae. GARA

TONI

1. 28. qui divellat ac distrahat] 'to tear asunder by force,' § 13 1. 5, § 79 l. 32 n., § 99 1. 26.

1. 30. deprecor] I intercede in behalf of,' 'pray for,' cf. or. de leg. agr. II § 100 nullae sunt imagines quae me a vobis deprecentur, ep. ad fam. IV 7 § 6 hic te unius lacrimae deprecantur. Generally it means 'to intercede for the averting of any evil from one's self or another' Gr. Tаpaiтoûμaι, as in de rep. VI § 2 Claudi invidiam Gracchi

=