A Classification of the Lepidoptera Based on Characters of the Pupa

abdominal seg abdominal segments adjacent anal rise antennae appendages Arctiidae caudal end caudal margin cephalic end cephalic margin chitinized Clemens clypeus cremaster distal end dorsal surface dorsal view dorsum elevated end of body epicranial suture Eriocraniidae Fabricius female femora fifths the length following species fourth abdominal segment fronto-clypeal suture Gelechiidae genera genus Grote Guenée half the length heavily chitinized hooked setae Hübner labial palpi labrum larvae lateral margins Lepidoptera Linnaeus male maxillae maxillae never maxillary palpi median ments meson meson caudad mesothoracic legs mesothoracic spiracle metathoracic movable abdominal segments Nepticulidae never present ninth and tenth Noctuidae Nymphalidae Papilionoidea prominent prothoracic femora prothoracic legs proximal end proximo-lateral angles punctate pupae pupal reaching the caudal row of spines separated as follows slightly soldered species were examined spiracles Spiracular furrows subfamily superfamily tenth abdominal segment tenth segment thorax Tortricoidea tubercles usually ventral surface ventral view Yponomeutidae