THE

AMERICAN

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.

EDITORS

JAMES D. AND E. S. DANA, AND B. SILLIMAN.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

PROFESSORS ASA GRAY, JOSIAH P. COOKE, AND
JOHN TROWBRIDGE, OF CAMBRIDGE,

PROFESSORS H. A. NEWTON AND A. E. VERRILL, OF
NEW HAVEN,

PROFESSOR GEORGE F. BARKER, OF PHILADELPHIA.

THIRD SERIES.

VOL. XXIII.-[WHOLE NUMBER, CXXIII.]

Nos. 133-138.

JANUARY TO JUNE, 1882.

WITH FOUR PLATES.

NEW HAVEN, CONN.: J. D. & E. S. DANA.
1882.

ART. I.-Contributions to Meteorology: Mean annual Rain-

fall for different countries of the globe; by ELIAS LOOMIS.

With Plate I (Map),

II.-Post-Glacial joints; by G. K. GILBERT,

III.-Sound-Shadows in water; by JOHN LECONTE,

IV. The Connection between the Cretaceous and the recent

Echinid Faunæ; by A. AGASSIZ,

V.-Apparatus for determining without pain to the patient

the position of a projectile of lead or other metal in the

human body; by A. G. BELL,

VI. Observations of the transit of Mercury, 1881, Novem-

ber 7, at Mount Hamilton, California; by E. S. HOLDEN

and S. W. BURNHAM,-.

VII.-Classification of the Dinosauria; by O. C. MARSH,

SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

Page

1

25

27

40

46

48

81

Physics and Chemistry.-Lunar Disturbance of Gravity, G. H. DARWIN and H.

DARWIN, 49.-Drops floating on the surface of water: Photometric investiga-

tion of the absorption of light, 50.--Density of the Earth, JOLLY: New arrange-

ment for sensitive flames, RAYLEIGH: Effect of vibrations upon a suspended

disc, RAYLEIGH, 51.-Edison's Electrical Meters, 52.-Carbonic acid in Sea-

water, H. TORNÖE, 53.—Action of the oxides of Nitrogen on glass at a high

temperature, T. M. MORGAN, 55.

Geology and Mineralogy.--Periodical variations of Glaciers, F. A. FOREL, 56.—

Movement of Glaciers: Soilcap-Motion, R. W. COPPINGER, 59.-Evaporation

and eccentricity as co-factors in Glacial periods, E. HILL, 61.-Geological and

Natural History Survey of Minnesota for 1880, N. H. WINCHELL, 62.-Joints

or diaclases intersecting the stratified rocks in the vicinity of Paris, M. DAUBRÉE,

63.--Brick-clays making cream-colored bricks in Minnesota, N. H. WINCHELL:

Geology of Frenchman's Bay, Maine, W. O, CROSBY: Coking coal and anthra-

cite of Colorado, J. S. NEWBERRY, 64.-Copper-bearing region in Northern

Texas and the Indian Territory, J. H. FURMAN: The Amygdaloid of Brighton,

Mass.: Primordial Trilobites in Sardinia: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of

Natural History: Fossils of the Cincinnati Rocks: Volcanoes, what they are

and what they teach, J. W. JUDD, 65.-Mineralogical Notes, E. CLAASSEN, 67.—

Analysis of the Emerald-green Spodumene from North Carolina, F. A. GENTH:

New Mineralogical Works, G. TSCHERMAK, 68.

Botany and Zoology.-Manual of the Coniferæ, 69.-Repertorium Aunuum Litera-

turæ Botanica Periodicæ, G. C. W. BOHNENZIEG: Jahrbuch des Königlichen

Botanischen Gartens und des Botanischen Museum zu Berlin, A. W. EICHLER,

70.-ENGLER'S Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik: HOOKER'S Icones Plan-

tarum: Additional specimen of Architeuthis at Newfoundland, A. E. VER-

RILL, 71.-Some new and rare Cephalopoda, R. OWEN, 72.-Zoology of H. M.

S. Challenger, A. AGASSIZ, 75.-Geographical Distribution of certain fresh-

water Mollusks of North America, A. G. WETHERBY, 76.

Astronomy.-Elements of Comet VII, Boss: Longitude of Morrison Observatory,

Glasgow, Mo., J. R. EASTMAN and H. S. PRITCHETT, 76.

Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence.-Annual Report of the Chief Signal Officer of

the Army to the Secretary of the War for the year 1881, 78.-National Acad-

emy of Science, Nov., 1881, 79.- Obituary.-Mr. Robert Mallet, F.R.S., 80.

NUMBER CXXXIV.

Page

ART. VIII.-The Flood of the Connecticut River Valley from

the melting of the Quaternary Glacier; by J. D. DANA, 87

IX.-Geology of the Diamond; by O. A. DERBY,

X.-Algebraic Expression of the Diurnal Variation of Tem-

perature; by B. A. GOULD,

XI.-Celestial Chemistry from the Time of Newton; by T.

STERRY HUNT,

XII.—A Cercaria with Caudal Seta; by J. W. FEWKES,

XIII. Notice of the remarkable Marine Fauna occupying

the outer banks off the Southern coast of New England,

No. 3; by A. E. VERRILL,

SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

97

99

123

134

135

Physics and Chemistry.—Vapor-density of the Halogens, VICTOR MEYER: Air-

thermometer convenient for Chemical purposes, ANDREWS, 143.-On the

existence of Phosphorus oxide, REINITZER: Preparation of spontaneously

inflammable Hydrogen phosphide, BRÖSSLER, 144.-Ammonium tribromide,

ROOZEBOOM: Petroleum of the Caucasus, BEILSTEIN and KURBATOW, 145.—

On the reactions of Chinoline, DONATH: On the theory of the Peptones, POEHL,

146. On the existence of Allantoin in Vegetables, SCHULZE and BARBIERI:

Observations upon Klangfarbe: W. Siemens upon the Dynamo-Electric Machine,

147.-Theory of the rotation of the plane of Polarization of Light, 148.-Elec-

trical Resistance of a Vacuum, EDLUND: Elementary Treatise on Electricity,

J. CLERK-MAXWELL, 149.--Tables of Qualitative Analysis, H. G. MADAN, 150.

Geology and Mineralogy.-International Geological Congress at Bologna, 150.—

Notice of the discovery of a Poecilopod in the Utica slate formation, 151.—

Coal-Field near Cañon City, Colorado, J. J. STEVENSON: The Palæolithic Imple-

ments of the Valley of the Delaware, 152.-Bryozoans of the Upper Helderberg

Group, JAMES HALL: Tertiary of the Eastern and Southern United States,

ANGELO HEILPRIN: Cambarus primævus, a Crayfish, from the Lower Tertiary

beds of Western Wyoming, A. S. PACKARD: American Museum of Natural

History, WHITFIELD, 153.-Petroleum in the Northwest Territories of British

America: Traité de Géologie par A. de Lapparent: Jelly-like Hydrocarbon

from Scranton, Pennsylvania, 154.-Brief notices of some recently described

minerals: Artificial Enstatite and Chrysolite, 155.-Supposed Organic Remains

in Meteorites. 156.-Tabellarische Uebersicht der Mineralien nach ihren krys-

tallographisch-chemischen Beziehungen geordnet von PAUL GROTH, 157.

Botany and Zoology.-Natural History Nomenclature, 157.-Maximowicz, de

Coriaria, Ilice et Monochasma: Ueber sogenannte Compasspflanzen, E. STAHL,

159.-The Brain of the Cat, B. G. WILDER, 160.

Astronomy.-Notation of Comets: Astronomische Nachrichten, begründet von

H. C. Schumacher: Washington Observations for 1877-Appendix III, 160.--

Thirty-sixth Annual Report of the Director of the Astronomical Observatory of

Harvard College, E. C. PICKERING, 161.-Beebe's Four-Place Tables, 162.

Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence.- Mining Industries, A. D. HAGUE: Were

Ancient Copper implements hammered or moulded into shape. F. W. PUTNAM,

162.-Obituary.-JOHN WILLIAM DRAPER, 163.-LEWIS H. MORGAN, 166.

NUMBER CXXXV.

ART. XIV.-Color Correction of double Objectives; by C.

S. HASTINGS,

XV.-To Cut a Millimeter Screw; by C. K. WEAD,

XVI.-Gold-bearing Rocks of the Province of Minas Geraes,

Brazil; by O. A. DERBY,

XVII.-The Flood of the Connecticut River Valley from the

melting of the Quaternary Glacier; by J. D. DANA.

With Plate II,.

XVIII.-Geographical Distribution of certain Fresh-water

Mollusks of North America, and the probable causes of

their Variation; by A. G. WETHERBY,

XIX.-Description of a New Genus of the Order Eurypterida

from the Utica Slate; by C. D. WALCOTT,

XX.-Notice of the remarkable Marine Fauna occupying

the outer banks off the Southern coast of New England,

No. 4; by A. E. VERRILL,-

XXI.-A new form of Reversible Stereoscope; by W. L.

STEVENS,

XXII.-Magnetic Properties of a Specimen of Nickeliferous

Iron from St. Catarina, Brazil, with a note by J. Law-

rence Smith; by H. BECQUEREL,

XXIII.-Origin of Jointed Structure in undisturbed Clay and

Marl deposits; by J. LECONTE,

SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

Page

167

176

178

179

203

213

216

226

229

233

Chemistry and Physics.-Relation between the Optical and Thermal phenomena

of Liquid Organic substances, BRÜHL, 234.-Simple Dissociation Apparatus,

TOMMASI, 235.-Effect of Oxides on the Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate,

MILLS and DONALD: Freezing point of Sulphuric acid of different degrees of

concentration, LUNGE. 236.-Action of Water on Bismuthous iodide as illus-

trating Chemical change, P. MUIR: Splitting of Petroleum hydrocarbons at low

Temperatures, GUSTAVSON, 237.-Occurrence of Metaisocymene in Rosin oil,

KELBE: Aldehyde-nature of living Protoplasm, LOEW and BOKORNY, 238.--

Viscosity of Gases at high exhaustions, 239.--Contributions to the Theory

of Electro-magnetism: Disintegration of Electrodes by Positive Electricity.

REITLINGER and WÄCHTER: Upper limit for the Kinetic Energy of moved

Electricity, MAXWELL, 240. -Electrical Units recommended by the Electrical

Congress of 1881: Lessons in Electricity and Magnetism, S. P. THOMPSON, 241.

Geology.-Glacial Erosion in Maine, G. H. STONE: Glacial phenomena on the

Delaware, G. F. WRIGHT, 242.-Jura-Trias in Colorado, R. C. HILLS, 243.

Botany and Zoology.-Notes on Gramineæ, G. BENTHAM: Flora Brasiliensis, 244.

-Diagnoses Plantarum novarum Asiaticarum. C. J. MAXIMOWICZ: Power

possessed by Leaves of placing themselves at right-angles to the direction of

Incident Light, F. DARWIN, 245.-The Botanical Collector's Handbook, W. W.

BAILEY, 246. The Greenland Flora: A Memoir on the Echinodermata of the

Arctic Sea, P. M. DUNCAN and W. P. SLADEN, 247.-Discovery of a rare fresh-

water shell (Gundlachia) in western New York, J. M. COOKE, 248.

Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence.-Minor Planets: Hailstorms, J. A. B. OLIVER,

249.-Schott's Tables and Results of the Precipitation in Rain and Snow in the

United States: Boston City Water, I. REMSEN: The Lalande Astronomical

Prize: La Lumière Éllectrique: Cosmos-Les-Mondes, 250.