with public buildings, the remains of some of which

are still to be seen. The Peloponnesian war. Battle of

Potidea. Socrates saves the life of Alcibiades. As-

pasia the mistress of Pericles. That general pro-

nounces his famous funeral oration. A terrible plague

at Athens. Pericles dies of the plague. Platea

besieged by the Lacedaemonians.
Gallant defence

made by the inhabitants. Part of them escape in

a most surprising manner. The place taken, and all

the men found in it put to death. Cleon defeats the

Lacedæmonians in the island of Sphacteria. Brasidas,

the Lacedæmonian general, killed in a sally. Gallant

answer of his mother upon receiving the news of his

death. The peace of Nicias.

Page.

58

CHAP. IX.

Alcibiades foments a war between the Athenians and
Lacedæmonians. The Athenians attempt the reduc-
tion of Sicily. History of Syracuse, the capitul of
that island. Alcibiades condemned to death for
refusing to return home in obedience to the commands
of his countrymen. Syracuse besieged by the Athe-
nians under Nicias. Gylippus, the Lacedæmonian
general, comes to the aid of the Syracusans. Is
defeated by Nicias. Defeats that general in his turn.
Nicias receives a reinforcement from Athens under the

conduct of Demosthenes, an ancestor of the famous
orator of the same name. The Athenians attack the

fort of Epipola. Are repulsed with great slaughter.

Resolve to abandon the island. Delay their departure

on account of an eclipse of the moon. Attempt to

escape by sea. Prevented by the enemy. Begin their

march by land. Lose their way in the night, and

separate into two bodies. One of these attacked, and

made prisoners. The other likewise attacked. Most

of them cut in pieces. The rest taken prisoners.

The common men thrown into dungeons. Nicias

and Demosthenes put to death. The government of

Athens altered. Alcibiades recalled. His great success.

Opposed by Lysander, the Spartan. Disgraced, and

succeeded by Conon. Battle of Egos Potamos. End

of the Peloponnesian war. Character of Homer,

Hesiod, Eschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristo-

phanes, Herodotus, and Thucydides.

Page.

75

CHAP. X.

The thirty tyrants. Death of Alcibiades. The tyrants
destroyed, and Athens restored to its liberty by Thrasy-
bulus. Expedition of Cyrus, who engages in his
service a body of Greeks. He is defeated by his
brother Artaxerxes. Famous retreat of the ten thou-
sand Greeks. Socrates. His character. His trial.
His speech on the occasion. Condemned to death.

Page.

Behaviour after condemnation. Dies by drinking the

juice of hemlock. The Athenians repent. Put Me-

litus, his chief accuser, to death. Banish the rest.

Erect a statue of brass to his memory; and dedicate

a chapel to him as to a hero and demi-god.

115

CHAP. XI..

The

Agesilaus, king of Sparta, defeats Tissaphernes. Battle

of Coronca. The Spartans subdue several of the petty

states of Greece. Place a garrison in Thebes.

garrison expelled, and Thebes restored to its liberty

by Pelopidas. Extraordinary stratagem of Chabrias.

Battle of Tegyra. Sacred band of Thebes. Epami

nondas; his character. Battle of Leuctra. Pelopidas

slain in the battle of Cynocephalus. Epaminondas

attacks the city of Sparta, but is repulsed. Gallant

conduct of Isadas. Battle of Mantinea. Epaminon- -

das mortally wounded. Expires in the arms of victory.

Expedition of Agesilaus into Egypt. His character.

Extravagant passion of the Athenians for the stage. 150

History of Macedon.

CHAP. XII.

Philip begins his reign. Had

been educated at Thebes under Epaminondas. Forms
the famous Macedonian phalanx. Defeats the Athe-

Page.

nians at Methone.

Farther progress of his arms.

Answer given him by the oracle of Delphos. The

sacred war.
Birth of Alexander the Great. Aristotle

appointed his preceptor. Demosthenes the orator.

Philip chosen a member of the Amphictyonic council.

Performs a signal act of justice. Phocion; his charac-

ter. Speech of Demosthenes against Philip. Another

speech of his against the same prince. Battle of

Charonea. Diogenes' reply to Philip. Famous con-

test of eloquence between Eschines and Demosthenes.

Philip's domestic uneasiness, occasioned by the bad

temper of his queen Olympias. Attempts to stab his

son Alexander. Is himself assassinated by Pausanias. 172

CHAP. XIII.

Anecdotes of Alexander the Great. His ambition. The

early maturity of his judgment. His education. His

regard for his master. His veneration for Homer.

His passion for literature. His management of the

horse Bucephalus. Razes Thebes to the ground.

Spares the descendants of Pindar. Demosthenes's

fable of the wolves and dogs.

generalissimo of the Greek forces.

Alexander chosen

Diogenes' answer

to him. Consults the oracle of Delphos. Distributes

all his revenues among his friends. Reserves for him-

self hope only.

204

Page

CHAP. XIV.

Alexander sets out on his expedition into Asia.

Crosses

the Hellespont. Gains the battle of Granicus. His
answer to Ada, queen of Caria. Cuts the Gordian
knot. Bathes in the Cydnus. Is seized with a fever.
His magnanimity on that occasion. Defeats Darius
in the battle of Issus. Is wounded in the thigh.
Takes Darius's wife and mother prisoners. His noble
behaviour to those captives. Abdolonymus raised to
the throne of Sidon. Alexander reduces Tyre. Goes
to Jerusalem. Is met by the high-priest. Marches
into Egypt. Builds Alexandria. Defeats Darius in
the battle of Arbela. Burns the palace of Persepolis,
at the instigation of Thais. Finds the dead body of
Darius, who had been murdered by his own officers.
Sends it to his mother, Sysigambis, in order to be
interred. Dreadful fate of Bessus. Alexander's
cruelty to Parmenio, and his son Philotas. Kills
Clitus. Marries Roxana. Marches into India. Is
opposed by Porus. Defeats him. Receives him
into favour. His soldiers refuse to follow him any
further. Resolves to return into Persia. Attacks
the capital of the Oxydraci. His bravery on that
Arrives at Susa. Marries Statira. Enters
Is

occasion.

Babylon. Abandons himself to intemperance.
seized with a fever. His last words. His death and
character.

217