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circle. In a few years the number will be complete, and then a glorious reunion will occur. In the meantime much sympathy is expressed for the bereaved parent, on account of these repeated painful dispensations, for, however the spiritual man may acquiesce, and even rejoice in such events, the natural feelings cannot be otherwise than deeply lacerated. There is, however, a Providence even over these natural feelings, and every event that pains them is permitted that it may improve them. We do not see these things clearly here, but we shall in eternity.

R. E.

At Bolton-le-Moors, on Thursday, August 15th, aged 61 years, Joseph Wilcox Haddock, M.D., who for several years officiated gratuitously for the society located in that town. The subject of this notice was a native of Woolwich, the grandson, on his mother's side, of the Rev. Mr. Percy, formerly of the same town. Of his early youth we have no intimation; his first acquaintance with the doctrines of the New Church occurred when he was twenty-two years of age. Business engagements led to his residing for a time in the town of Aylesbury, where he became acquainted with the family of the late Mr. Thomas Woodman, of Stone, an earnest admirer of the writings of Swedenborg. But it was chiefly through conversations with his son, now a minister in the church, but then a youth, that his attention was first turned to the doctrines. His views previous to that were closely allied to deism. It was, however, Mr. Noble's work on the Plenary Inspiration of the Scriptures, published shortly afterwards, that finally decided him in favour of the doctrines. Removing to London after a short residence in Aylesbury, he connected himself with the congregation of Mr. Noble, then meeting for worship in Hanover-street, Long Acre, and migrated with them to Cross-street, Hatton Garden, whither the society removed in 1828. Here he became acquainted with Mr. Alfred Essex, whose youngest sister he married. He was originally brought up to the drapery business, but it being little congenial to his natural bent and taste, which lay in the direction of literature and science, he qualified himself by dint of hard study, almost unaided, for the medical profes

sion. On leaving London, shortly after his marriage, he established himself as a chemist and druggist at Waltham Cross. Whilst here he studied for, and obtained from the College of Surgeons, the degree of Licentiate Apothecary. About twenty-five years since he removed to Manchester, when he connected himself with the Society at Peter-street, then and still under the pastoral care of Mr. Smithson. Whilst here he lost Mrs. Haddock, who died whilst yet in the prime of life. After a few years, he removed to Leigh, another town in Lancashire, where there was a New Church Society, under the leadership of the late Mr. Lee, in whose school-room the public services of the society were conducted. He is still held in affectionate remembrance by those who remember him there. From there he removed to Bolton, about sixteen or seventeen years since. It was whilst here that he obtained his doctor's diploma. Circumstances led him to the study and practice of mesmerism, in which he became widely known, and was brought into communicatiou with several persons of rank. He lectured on the subject to large audiences in the Temperance Hall at Bolton, and thus became generally known throughout the neighbourhood. His acquaintance with the doctrines of the New Church enabled him to place the subject in a clearer light, and to throw a novel interest around it. The substance of these lectures he published first in a pamphlet, and afterwards under the title of "Somnolism and Psycheism," in a larger volume. This volume, though it excited considerable interest at the time, has not met with so extensive a circulation as might have been anticipated; but in America it has had a very large sale, having been reprinted by the celebrated phrenologists Fowler and Wells. Ever of a highly intellectual cast of mind, as soon as the opportunity presented, he took an active part in the promulgation of the doctrines of the Church, both by officiating as a home missionary under the auspices of the Manchester and Salford Missionary Society, and by contributing to the pages of the Intellectual Repository. As a matter of course, he took an active part in the affairs of the Society at Bolton, especially during the ministry of Mr. Mackereth; and when the latter left, our departed friend gratuitously filled the ministerial office

for them for several years afterwards, with the exception of a short period when Mr. Beechey officiated. His views of Swedenborg might be rather more eclective than most who profess to accept his teachings. Few were better acquainted with the sentiments of the deceased than the writer of this notice; and he feels it due to him to say that, even when arguing against what he conceived to be a species of idolatry with which, in his opinion, some regard Swedenborg, his mind ever spontaneously reverted to his great principles as the anchor of his intellectual convictions. His death was occasioned by the rupture of a blood-vessel on the lungs. For many years his health, owing to the condition of that organ, had been precarious, and had at length so far failed as to necessitate his giving up his active duties in the church; and about a fortnight prior to his decease hemorrhage suddenly set in, and though partially arrested, returned, and ultimately so far exhausted a frame already debilitated as to render it impossible for the vital energies to rally. From the part our deceased friend took in the public institutions of the town, his connections extended beyond the pale of our own church, and many sincere friends of other bodies will hold his memory in affectionate esteem, as was testified by the large number of respectable persons who attended his funeral sermon, which was preached on the last Sunday in August, by Mr. Woodman. The society at Bolton will long gratefully remember the services he so kindly rendered.

W.

Departed into the spiritual world, Mr. H. C. Cocks, August 24th, in his 80th year. This departed friend had, for about twenty-five years, been a most exemplary member of the society in Peter-street, Manchester. For many years in his early life he had associated in worship with the high Calvinistic party; but on becoming acquainted with the doctrines of the New Church, he saw the errors of predestination, of * During the last few years, a merely nominal sum was appropriated, not as a salary, but simply as an acknowledgment. The deceased viewed his services as his contribution, requiring of the members to devote the extra expense at which they were when they had a minister to the liquidation of the debt.

unconditional salvation, of justification by faith alone, &c., and by degrees he embraced the doctrines of the New Church. It appears that he had always cherished a deep-seated piety, so that religion was a very earnest question with him. He was always delighted with the Word; but when he received the New Church doctrines, his delight in reading the Scriptures was greatly increased. He had experienced various trials during his long life, but in these he acknowledged the Lord's mercy, as these trials tended to promote humiliation and purification in his spirit, and were thus overruled to prepare him for a happier immortality. His regular attendance at worship was truly exemplary, and his good example had a beneficial effect on all around him. It may be said of this departed friend, that in his daily life "he adorned the doctrine of God his Saviour."

Died of fever, on Saturday, October 12th, 1861, at Moss Side, Manchester, aged 24 years, Betsy, the beloved wife of Mr. James Scotson, certificated master in the New Jerusalem day schools, Peter-street, in that city. She had been educated from childhood in the girls' school, and had creditably passed through her apprenticeship as a pupil teacher in the same establishment, where she became fully convinced of the truth of our heavenly doctrines and a thorough recipient. Quiet and unobrusive in disposition, patient and enduring, she was an amiable and loving partner during the four years of her married life. Doubtless, the Divine Providence has permitted her removal for the eternal interests both of herself, her husband, and her little family of three children; but to our natural feelings and thoughts these things are not so apparent, especially when we are passing through the afflicting trial. It is the Lord, however; and we can only in Christian faith and resigned confidence exclaim-"Let Him do what seemeth to Him good." Her removal suggests to all of us the imperative duty of so living from day to day in the fear of the Lord Jesus our Saviour that we may be ready also, for we know neither the day nor the hour wherein the Son of Man cometh.

IOTA.

CAVE & SEVER, Printers by Steam Power, Hunt's Bank, Manchester.

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THE eternity of the hells, or the everlasting duration of the misery of infernals, is a subject which has of late occupied the minds and pens of the thoughtful more than usual. And we having, in concert with our brethren, joined in the investigation of that subject, desire to present, for the perusal of the readers of the Intellectual Repository, the result; and this we shall do under the above title,—for if it be seen that man cannot change after death, and also why he cannot change, the truth that the hells are eternal is established.

The question before us presents a subject for consideration in which the interest of every man is involved; and though the thoughtless may not be concerned about it, nevertheless their eternal destiny is involved in it. However careless man may be concerning his eternal destination, that carelessness cannot in any way avert the inevitable consequence of his life in this world which will attend him in the next, and will continue with him for ever. An awful fact for the wicked.

But however important the subject may be, a careful consideration of it has led to the conclusion that there can be no rational and satisfactory idea obtained concerning it but from the writings of the New Dispensation. It may be believed that man cannot change after death, because it is a truth declared in the Divine Word; but the question implies also an understanding of the reason why he cannot change, as well as the mere belief that it is a fact.

[Enl. Series.-No. 96, vol. viii.]

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WHY CANNOT MAN CHANGE AFTER DEATH?

Although it is believed by most Christians that man cannot change after death, yet, like almost every other truth which is generally admitted, when attempting to enter into its details we have many difficulties presented which must be overcome before the subject can be understood. For instance, when man passes into the other world, he finds himself in all respects a man as he was in this world: he has a will by which to love and desire, an understanding by which to think and know, and a body by which he can act and speak. He is also surrounded by as great a variety of objects as he was in this world, and which appear to him to be similar in their forms and natures.. Why then can he not change, as he could in this world?

One of the chief, and perhaps the most popular idea urged as the reason why man cannot change after death is this-that during his life in this world he acquires for himself a ruling love which cannot be changed hereafter; and inasmuch as his love is his life, and it cannot be changed, it naturally follows that his life cannot be changed; therefore, such as man is when he dies he remains to eternity. But though it be admitted that this is a fact, yet it is only a statement that such is the case; it offers no solution of the problem. For it may with much propriety be asked, what is there in the spiritual world to prevent man from changing? To say his state is fixed amounts to nothing. Why or how is it fixed? The question, why cannot man change after death, requires the reason why he cannot, and not the bare statement that it is a fact; that it is so is already admitted.

In order to see why man cannot change after death, we must see why he can change before death; and we presume that the understanding of the latter will place us in a position to see the former.

It is first to be noted that the whole of man's conscious life is mediate,—that is, it is communicated to him through media, which are spirits in the world of spirits,—and it consists of all the involuntary feelings and thoughts, both good and bad, which occur to him at all times, of which he has to choose, and, by choice, to form his voluntary mind. Without those involuntary principles man would have no ability to form a voluntary mind, and consequently to live as a free, rational, and responsible being.

Why, then, can man change before death? Because he is so circumstanced as to be able to choose good or evil. It is not on account of his capability of choosing that he can change,-that he will always possess, even when he cannot change, in the spiritual world,—but it is on account of his having objects of which to choose, which are mental in their nature, and of opposite qualities. When man makes choice of

those mental objects, which are presented involuntarily, and which are ever with him while he is in this world, his state changes in agreement with the quality of them,-they giving quality, and quality state, to the whole man. By state is to be understood man's quality as to good or evil.

Though man may have the capability of choosing, still he cannot choose unless there be objects of which to choose, and he can only choose such as are present with him; this is a necessity to which he is, and ever will be subject.

It is the same in the effecting of changes of state in man as it is in all other cases; there must be a power of acquiring, and something to be acquired. That power is man's capability of choosing, or his free will; and that which is to be acquired are the principles of life, i. e., voluntary life, in which is man's quality or state. Those principles are not voluntary life when presented for man's choice, but involuntary; and they become voluntary by his choice and adoption. Man changes his state by virtue of appropriating to himself something which is not himself, but which gives him quality by its appropriation. His capability of choosing is not that which changes him, any more than his capabilities of understanding, acting, and speaking are, because those capabilities are the man himself, and he cannot give himself to himself, and thereby effect a change in himself. Man's capability of choosing has no quality in itself, therefore it cannot give any; but the objects which are chosen have quality, and that quality is communicated to man when he chooses them. This is a truth which must be borne in mind, in order that the subject may be understood.

Those objects of choice are the good and evil, or affections and lusts, which are perceived in the mind,-being excitements from good and evil spirits who are present, and they are manifested in the forms which have been previously received into the mind through the medium of the senses, or they are the excitements of those forms themselves, and they receive a quality which is in agreement with the spirits by whom the excitement is effected,-quality being the result of the life or activity by which they are excited, rather than of the specific forms themselves. Hence, while man lives in this world, the objects of which he is to choose are not only those which are perceived by the senses, and which are made subservient to them, but they are also principles of life by which he is to be influenced, and these are the primary and essential objects of choice. Those principles of life which are the objects of man's choice, and by which he is to be influenced when chosen, are manifested internally; they are of opposite qualities,

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