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Grope, to try, test: A 644. signifies originally to feel with the hands, to grope (A.S. grâpian, O. N. greipa. Cp. grabble, grip, grasp, &c.); hence to probe a wound, to test, put to the proof. Grote, a groat: c 138. Groynyng, stabbing: B Tyrwhitt renders it discontent.' Grucchen, to murmur, grumble, grudge: B 2187. Fr. groucher, to murmur. Gr. Ypúfew, to mur

1602.

mur, mutter. Gruf, with face flat to the ground:

B 91; whence Eng. grovelling, grovel. O. E. grovelinges, gruflinges, O. N. grufa, to stoop down. Liggja á grufa, to lie with the nose to the ground.

Grys, fur of the gray rabbit: A 194. Gulde, or Golde, a flower commonly called a turnsol: B 1071. Fr. goude, a marigold, so called from its golden colour. See note, P. 153. Gult, Gylt, guilt, conduct which

has to be atoned for by a payment: C 552. A. S. gild, a money payment; Swiss gult, Dan. gjeld, a debt. Cp. A. S. gildan, Ger. gelten, to pay, yield. Gulty, guilty: A 660. Gurles, young people, either male

or female: A 664. Low Ger. gör, göre, a child. The O.E. wench-el, a boy, is our word wench. Gye, to guide: B 1092. Fr. guider, guier.

Gylt, guilt: B 907. See Gult.
Gynglen, to jingle: A 170.
Gynne, to begin: B 2160.
Gyse, guise, fashion, mode, wise,
B 135, 350. Fr. guise, Welsh gwis,
Ger. Weise, Eng. wise, mode,
fashion.

H.

Haberdasshere, a seller of hats: A 361. 'The Haberdasher heapeth

wealth by battes.' (Gascoigne, The Fruites of Warre.) See note, p. 132. Habergeon, Habergoun, a di minutive bauberk, a small coat of mail: A 76, B 1261. O. Fr. bauberc, O.H. Ger. halsberc, A. S. bealsbeorg, a coat of mail, from beals, the neck, and beorgan, to cover or protect.

Hade O. E. bavede (sing.), had: A 554.

Hakke, to hack: B 2007. Du. backen, Ger. backen, to cut up, chop; Dan. bakke, to peck; Fr. bacher, to mince; whence Eng. bash, batch, hatchet.

Halwes, saints: A 14. A. S. bálga, a saint (as in All Hallows' E'en'), from bal, whole.

Hamer, a hammer: B 1650. Han=baven, to have: A 245. Happe, to happen, befall: A 585. Whence happy, mis-hap, per-baps, may-hap. O.E. happen, happy; O. N. happ, fortune; W. hap, luck. Hardily, certainly: A 156. Hardynesse, boldness: B 1090. Haried, harried, taken as a prisoner: A 1868. Fr. barier, to hurry, harass, molest. (Cotgrave.) Harlot: A 647. This term was not confined to females, nor even to persons of bad character. It signifies (1) a young person; (2) a person of low birth; (3) a person given to low conduct; (4) a ribald. W. berlod, berlawd, a youth.

Harlotries, ribaldries: A 561. Harnays, Harneys, Herneys, armour, gear, furniture, barness: B 148, 755. O. Fr. barneis, Fr. barnois, all manner of harness, equipage, furniture; Ger. Harnisch,

armour.

Harneysed, equipped: A 114. Harre, a hinge: A 550. A. S. beor, beoru, O. E. berre, a hinge.

Harrow, a cry of distress: C 225. O. Fr. barau, bare! Crier baro sur, to make hue and cry after. O. H. Ger., baren, to cry out; Scottish barro, a cry for help. Hauberk, a coat of mail: B 1573.

See Habergeon. Haunt, (1) a district, (2) custom,

practice, skill: A 447. Breton bent, a way; Fr. banter, to frequent. Hede, Heed, Heede, head: A 198, 455. A. S. beafod, O. Du. boofd, head; Scottish baffet, side of the head.

Heeld, held: A 337. Heep, heap, assembly, host: A 575. A. S. beap, Ger. Haufe, heap, band, crowd. Cp. O. E. a beep of houndes;' beep, a band of armed

men.

Heer, Heere, Here, hair: A 589. A. S. bær, bér.

Heere, to hear: A 169, C 431. Heete, to promise: B 1540. A. S. bátan, O. Sax. betan, O.N. heita, to call, promise. Heeth, Heethe, a heath: A 6.

A. S. bath, heath; Goth. baithi, the open country; O. N. heidi, a waste; Ger. Heide, a heath; whence beathen, boyden (O. Du. beyden, a clown, rustic).

Hegge, a hedge: c 397. A. S. begge, Ger. Hag, a bush, shrub, hedge. We have another form of the root in baw-thorn (A. S. baga, a hedge), and in the local name Hays; Broken hayes' (Oxford). Heigh, Heygh, Heih, high, B 207; great, B 940. Heigher, upper: ▲ 398.

Hele, health: в 413. A. S. bál, whole; bel, balu, health. Helpen of, to help off, get rid of (pret. halp, p.p. holpen): a 632.

Hem, them: A 18.

Hemself, themselves: B 396. Hemselve, Hemselven, them

selves.

Heng (pret. of bonge), hanged: A 160, 358.

Henne, hence: в 1498. O.E. bennes, bens. A more modern form is

our bence. Hente, Henten, seize, take hold of, get: A 299, 698; в 46. (Pret. bente, B 442; p.p. bent, в 723.) A. S. bentan.

Her, here: B 933. Heraude, a herald: B 159, 1675. Fr. bérauld, béraut, from O. H. Ger. baren, to shout. Herbergage, Herbergh, lodging, inn, port, harbour: A 403, 765, c 169. A. S. here, an army, and beorgan, to protect, defend. 'A good barborough for the ship.' (Hakluyt's Voyages, iii. p. 35.) Herd, haired: в 1660.

Herde, a herd, keeper of cattle, a shepherd: A 603. A. S. hyrde, a keeper, guardian; Ger. Hirt, a herdsman; O. N. birda, to keep guard.

Here, Heer, hair: A 555, B 1285. See Heer.

Here, their, of them: A II, B 320.

Here aller of them all: A 586. Herknen, to hark, hearken, listen: B 668, 985, 1674. Herneys: B 148. See Harnays. Hert, a hart: B 831. Herte, a heart: A 153. Herte-spon: B 1748. The provincial heart-spoon signifies the navel. Tyrwhitt explains it as 'the concave part of the breast, where the lower ribs unite with the cartilago ensiformis.'

He that undoes him (the deer),

Doth cleave the brisket-bone, upon the spoon,

Of which a little gristle grows.'

(Sad Shepherd, act i. sc. 6.) Herteles, without heart, cowardly : c 88. Hertely, heartily: A 762.

Hest, command, behest: B 1674.
A. S. bas, from bátan, to com-
mand.

Hethe, heath: A 606. See Heeth.
Hethene, a heathen: A 65.
Hethenesse, the country inhabited

by the heathens, A 49; in contra-
distinction to Christendom.
Heve, to heave, raise: A 550. Heve
of to lift off (pret. baf, hof; Eng.
bove). A. S. bebban, O. Fris. beva,
to heave, lift.

Hevenlyche, heavenly: в 197.
Hew, Hewe, colour, complexion,
bue: B 506. Hewes, colours
for painting: B 1230. A. S.

beow.

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dously, hideously: в 843. O. Fr.
bide, hisde, bidour, bisdour, dread.
Hight, Highte, was called, pro-

mised: A 616, 719, B 333, 1614.
A. S. bébt, hét; pret. of hátan,
to command, promise. The proper
preterite of hátan (Ger. heissen),
to call, be called, was hatte; so
two distinct verbs have been con-
founded.

Highte. On highte' = aloud: B
926.

Hih, Hihe, high: в 1605.
Hiled, hidden, kept secret: c 235.

A. S. belan, to cover, conceal;
Prov. Eng. bele, hill (Ger. büllen,
to cover, wrap); whence Eng.
bull, cod of pease.
Himselve, Himselven, dat. and
acc. of himself: a 184, 528.
Hipes, hips: A 472. A. S. hype,
Du. beupe, Ger. Hüfte, the flank,
hip.

Hire, her: A 120.

Hit, it A 345.

Ho, Hoo, an interjection com-
manding a cessation of anything:
B 848, 1675. Cp. the carter's
whoa! to his horse to stop.
Hold, in hold,' in possession, cus-
tody: c 54. A. S. ge-heald, O. N.
bald, custody, bold; A.S. healdan,
baldan, to hold, retain.
Holde, Holden, behoiden, B 449;
esteemed, held, A 141, B 832,
1861.

Holly, wholly: A 599. See Hool.
Holpen, helped: A 18. See Helpen.
Holt, Holte, a wood, grove: a 6.
A. S. bolt, O. H. Ger. bolz, a
wood. Holt is still used in some
parts of England for an orchard
or any place of trees, as a cherry-
bolt, an apple-bolt. In Norfolk
a plantation is called a bolt, as
nut-bolt, osier-bolt, gooseberry-bolt.
It occurs frequently as an element
in local names, as Holt, a wood
near Havant (Hants); Knock-
bolt, a wood near Tenterden
(Kent).

Holwe, hollow: A 289. A. S. bol,

a hole; bolb, a ditch; Low Ger.
bolig, hollow. The termination
-we or -ow had originally a dimin-
utival force.

Hom, home; Homward, home-
ward: B 1881, 2098.
Homicides, murderers: c 403.
Hond, Honde, hand: A 108.
Honest, creditable, honourable, be-
coming: A 246.

Honge, Hongen, to hang (pret.
beng): B 638, 1552.

Honte, Honter, a hunter: B 780,
820.

Honte, Honten, to hunt: в 782.
On bontyng-a-hunting: в 829.
Hoo. See Ho.
Hool, Hoole, whole: A 533. A.S.
bál, whole, sound; whence whole-
some, boly, &c.

Hoom, home: A 400. Hoomly,

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339.

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Housbondry, economy: c 8.
Howpede, bouped, whooped: c
579. Fr. bouper, to call out.
Hooping-cough is properly whoop-
ing-cough. A. S. wop, outcry,
weeping; Fris. wopa, to call ;
Goth. wopjan, to crow as a cock;
O. N. op, cry, clamour.
Humblesse, humility: B 923.
Hunte, a hunter: B 1160.
Hunteresse, a female hunter: B
1489.

Hurtle, to push: B 1758. Fr.

beurter, Du. borten, to dash against.
Hurt, burl, are connected with
the root bort.

Hust, hushed: B 2123.

Hye, Hyhe, high, highly: в 39,
1217.

Hye, haste, B 2121; to hasten, B

1416. In bye = in haste, hastily.
Hyndreste, hindmost: A 622. Cp.
overest, overmost, uppermost.
Hyne, hind, servant: A 603. A. S.

bina, bine, a servant, domestic ;
bige, biwa, family; whence
hive.

Hynge (pl. pret. of bongen), hung:
A 677..

I.

I, a prefix used to denote the past
participle (like the modern German
ge), as in the following words :-
I-been, been, c 476; I-bete, orna-
mented, B 121; I-bore, borne,
carried, A 378; I-born, born, B
161; I-bounde, bound, B 1293;
I-bounden, bound, в 291; I-brent,
burnt, c 544; I-brought, brought;
I-caught, caught, в 1093; I-chaped,
having chapes or plates of metal
at the point of a sheath or scabbard
(Sp. chapa), A 366; I-cleped,
called, в 9; I-clenched, fastened,
clinched, B 1133; I-doo, I-doon,
done, в 167, 1676; I-drawe,
drawn, B 1784: I-falle, fallen, a
25; I-fetered, fettered, в 371; I-
founde, found, c 361; I-go, I-
gon, I-goon, gone, A 286; I-
lad, led, A 530; I-laft, left, B
1888; I-knowe, know, A 423;
I-logged, lodged, c 171; I-mad,
I-maad, I-maked, made, B 1207,
2236; I-peynted, painted; I-
pynched, plaited, A 151; I-proved,
proved, A 485; I-ronne, run, a 8,
clotted, B 1307; I-sayled, sailed,
c 279; I-schadwed, shaded, A
607; I-schave, shaven, a 690; I-
schrive, shriven, A 226; I-sent,
sent, B 2012; I-set, set, appointed,
B 777; I-shorn, shorn, cut, a
589; I-skalded, scalded, в 1162;
I-slawe, I-slayn, slain, в 85;
I-styked, pierced, stabbed, в 707;
I-swore, sworn, в 274; I-taught,
taught, A 127; I-warned, warned,
c 411; I-wedded, wedded, B 2240;
I-write, I-writen, written, a 161;
I-wrye, covered, B 2046.

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Jalous, jealous: B 471.
Jangle, to prate, babble: c 614.
Jangler, a prater, babbler: A 56ɔ.

O. Fr. jangler, to prattle, jest, lie.
It is perhaps connected with jingle.
Jape, a trick, jest: A 705, C 27.
Jape, to befool, deceive: B 871.
Fr. japper, to yelp. It is pro-
bably connected with Eng. gabble,
gabbe, &c.

Jolitee, joyfulness: A 680, B 949.
Jolyf, joyful, pleasant. Jolynesse,
joyfulness: c 254. Fr. joli, It.
giulivo, gay, fine, merry.
connects it with O. N. jol, Eng.
yule, Christmas.

Diez

Journee, a day's journey: B 1880.
Juge, Jugge, a judge: ▲ 814, B
854. Fr. juge, Lat. judex.
Juggement, judgment: A 778.
Juste, Jousten, to joust, tilt, en-
gage in a tournament: A 96, B
1628. Fr. jouster, to tilt; Eng.
jostle.

Justes jouste, a tournament: B
1862.

Juwyse, judgment: B 881. Fr. juise,
judgment, from Lat. judicium.

K.

Kaytives, prisoners, wretches: B
859. See Caitif.

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Keep, Keepe, Kepe, care, atten-
tion, heed. Take keep take care:
A 397, 503; B 531.
Keepe, Kepe (pret. kepte, p.p. kep),
to guard, preserve, take care (as
in I kepe nat = I care not): A 276,
B 1380. A. S. cépan.

Kembd, (p.p. of kembe), combed,
neatly trimmed: B 1285.
Kempe, shaggy, literally crooked:
B 1276. Cp. the phrase 'clean
cam,' Coriol. iii. 1. 304. See note,
P. 155.

Kene, Keen, sharp: A 104.
Kervere, a carver: B 1041.
Kervyng, cutting, carving: B 1057.
See Carf.

Keverchef, a kerchief: A 453.
Kind, Kynd, Kynde, nature: B
1593. By kynde = by nature, na-
turally: c 375. Cp. the kindly
(natural) fruits of the earth.' A. S.
cynd, nature.

6

Knarre, a knotted, thick-set fellow:
A 549. Cp. O.E. gnarr, a knot;
gnarled, knotted; Swed. knorla,
to twist.

Knarry, full of gnarrs or knots: B
1119.

Knave, a boy, a servant: в 1870.
A. S. cnapa, Ger. Knabe, a boy,
youth, servant; O.E. knave-child,
a male-child.
Knighthede, knighthood: B 1931.
Knobbe, a pimple: A 633.

Knowe, p.p. known: B 345, 1442.
Knyf, a knife: B 1141.
Kouthe, known, renowned: A 14.
See Couthe.
Kyn, kine: c II.

Kyndled, lighted: B 1437. O.N.
kynda, to set fire to; kynnel,
a torch; whence Eng. cannel
coal.
Kynrede, kindred: B 428.

A. S.

ræden. The affix -rede is equi-
valent to ship, and occurs in bat-
red. The O. E. has frend-reden,
friendship; fo-reden, enmity.

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