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ABBOT, represent the matter at length for the satisfaction of his most Abp. Cant. Christian majesty, yet the excuse would by no means pass with the French; they remonstrated against this discharge as a breach of the articles of marriage; and, in a word, the two crowns, on this occasion, came to an open rupture, which was not closed, as has been observed, till the latter end of the next year.

Cozens'
Devotions

published,
and ex-
ceptions

against it.

regia au

thoritate, editum, A.D. 1560, and reprinted,

About this time there was a book published, entituled, "A Collection of Private Devotions, or the Hours of Prayer." It was written by Cozens, prebendary of Durham, at the request of the countess of Denby, the duke of Buckingham's sister. This lady being then somewhat unsettled in her religion, and warping towards popery, these devotions were drawn up to recommend the Church of England farther to her esteem, and preserve her in that communion. This book, though furnished with a great deal of good matter, was not altogether acceptable in the contexture. The title-page sets forth it was formed upon the model of a book of "Private Prayers," authorized Horarium by queen Elizabeth, in the year 1560. To give the reader some part of it: after the calendar it begins "with a recital of the Apostles' Creed in twelve articles, the Lord's Prayer in seven petitions, the Ten Commandments, with the duties enjoined, and the sins forbidden." Then follows" the precepts of charity, the seven sacraments, the three theological virtues, the three kinds of good works, the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost, the twelve fruits of the Holy Ghost, the spiritual and corporal works of mercy, the eight beatitudes, the seven deadly sins, their opposite virtues, and the quatuor novissima.” And, after some explanatory prefaces and introductions, were subjoined, "the forms of prayer for the first, third, sixth, and ninth hours, and likewise for the vespers and compline, formerly called the canonical hours." Next to these was "the Litany, the seven penitential Psalms, prayers preparatory for receiving the holy eucharist, prayers to be used in time of sickness, and at the approach of death;" besides many others.

A.D. 1573, cum privilegio, by William Seers.

It was licensed, Feb. 1626.

This book, though approved by Montaign, bishop of London, and licensed with his own hand, was somewhat surprising at the first view; and some moderate persons were shocked with it, as drawing too near the superstitions of the Church of Rome; at least they suspected it as a preparation to further advances. The top of the frontispiece had the name of Jesus

I.

in three capital letters, J. H. S.; upon this there was a cross CHARLES encircled with the sun, supported by two angels, with two devout women praying towards it. This representation, though innocent enough, did not pass without censure. It was not long before Pryn and Burton, two malcontents, appeared against it.

Indeed, it is no wonder to find the "arriere ban 1" of the Puritans drawn out upon this occasion. Pryn called his performance "A Brief Survey and Censure of Cozens, his cozening Devotions." And here, not distinguishing between popery and primitive practice, he falls blindly on Cozens's book, and, without either judgment or justice, condemns every thing in the public devotions and offices of the Church of Rome. But notwithstanding all this vehemence, and the clamours of the party, the book gained ground, grew up into esteem, and was approved by many of those who scrupled it at first.

cap. 1.

On the 17th of March a new parliament met at Westminster. 4.D. 1627-8. The parliaThis parliament, to show their concern for religion, brought ment meets. in "A Bill for reformation of sundry abuses committed on the Lord's-day." There was a statute to this purpose, made in the first year of this reign. And here it was enacted, "That Charles 1. no persons should come out of their own parishes on the Lord's-day for any sports or pastimes whatsoever: nor that any bear-baiting, bull-baiting, interludes, common plays, or other unlawful exercises and pastimes, should be used by any persons within their own parishes." But then the act does not define what those other unlawful exercises and pastimes are. Whether this omission was intended for a connivance at other relaxations, is somewhat uncertain. To proceed, "those who offended in any of the premises were to forfeit three shillings and four-pence, toties quoties, for the use of the poor of the parish." This act was fortified and extended to farther prohibitions by the present parliament. And now "carriers, car- 3 Charles 1. men, and drovers, who travelled or followed their business on Sunday, were to forfeit twenty shillings; and butchers, that killed or sold meat that day, six shillings and eight-pence for every offence."

And by another statute," Those who either went beyond sea, or sent any person into foreign countries, to be trained up in popery, were disabled from suing, from being executors or

Arriere ban is a general proclamation, by which the king of France summons to war all that hold of him.

cap. 1.

Abp. Cant.

ABBOT, administrators, made incapable of any legacy, deed of gift, or to bear any office within the realm;" and over and above, were to forfeit all their goods and chattels, all their lands, tenements, rents, annuities, offices, &c. during life."

743.

3 Charles 1. cap. 2.

Dr. Manwaring's

assertions.

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This parliament sat till the 26th of June, and was then prorogued to the 20th of October. Some time before this prorogation, the commons brought in a charge against Dr. Manwaring for preaching arbitrary doctrine. This divine had lately, in two sermons before the king at Whitehall, delivered himself very indiscreetly to this purpose :

"That the king is not bound to preserve the subjects in extravagant their legal rights and liberties; that his royal will and absolute command in imposing loans and taxes, though without the consent of the parliament, ought to be obeyed by the subject, under the penalty of eternal damnation; that those who refused to comply with this loan transgressed the law of God, insulted the king's supreme authority, and incurred the guilt of impiety, disloyalty, and rebellion; that the authority of both houses is not necessary for the raising aids and subsidies; that the slow proceedings of such great assemblies were not suitable to the exigencies of the state; and that, by going thus far Rushworth's about, princes must of necessity be clogged and disappointed Collect. in their business."

vol. 1.

He is prosecuted by

by the house

This, without doubt, was extravagant divinity, subversive of the Commons the constitution, and preaching directly against a great part of and censured the Statute-book. The declaration of the commons against of Lords. Manwaring was delivered to the lords by Mr. Pym, who managed the impeachment with vigour and advantage enough. April 21, This sessions, a bill was brought in for the augmentation of A.D. 1628. Wharton's livings; and the commons, having turned themselves into a MSS. from committee of the whole house, a remarkable speech was deliSancroft's vered upon this subject by sir Benjamin Rudyer. He directs Collections. his discourse to Mr. Pym, then in the chair :—

Archbishop

See the case

of Impro

priations,
&c. Append.

p. 26.

Sir Benja

"MR. PYM,

:

“I did not think to have spoken again to this bill, because min Rudyer's I was willing to believe that the forwardness of this committee speech for would have prevented me; but now I do hold myself bound

the aug

mentation of

small livings, to speak, and to speak in earnest.

"In the first year of the king and the second convention, I

I.

first moved for the increase and enlarging of poor ministers' CHARLES livings. I showed how necessary it was to be done: how shameful it was that it had been so long neglected. This was also commended to the house by his majesty. There were then (as now) many accusations on foot against scandalous ministers. I was bold to tell the house, that there were scandalous livings too, which were much the cause of the other: livings of five marks and five pounds a-year; that men of worth and of good parts would not be muzzled up to such pittances; that there were some places in England, which were scarce in Christendom, where God was little better known than among the Indians. I exampled it in the uttermost parts of the North, where the prayers of the common people are more like spells and charms than devotions. The same blindness and ignorance is in divers parts of Wales, which many of that country do both know and lament.

"I declared also, that to plant good ministers in good livings was the strongest and surest means to establish true religion; that it would prevail more against papistry than the making of new laws, or executing of old: that it would counterwork court connivance and lukewarm accommodation; that, though the calling of ministers be never so glorious within, yet outward poverty will bring contempt upon them, especially among those who measure men by the acre, and weigh them by the pound, which indeed is the greatest part of men.

"Mr. Pym, I cannot but testify how-being in Germany— I was exceedingly scandalized to see the poor stipendiary ministers of the reformed Churches there despised and neglected by reason of their poverty, being otherwise very grave and learned men. I am afraid that is a part of the burden of Germany which ought to be a warning to us. I have heard many objections and difficulties, even to impossibilities, against this bill. To him that is unwilling to go, there is ever a bear or a lion in the way. First let us make ourselves willing, then will the way be easy and safe enough. I have observed that we are always very eager and fierce against papistry, against scandalous ministers, and against things which are not within our power. I shall be glad to see that we do delight, as well in rewarding as in punishing, and in undertaking matters within our reach, as this is absolutely within our power. Our own duty is next, and other men's is farther off.

АВВОТ, Abp. Cant.

"I do not speak this that I do mislike the destroying and pulling down of that which is ill; but then let us be as earnest to plant and build up that which is good in the room of it :for why should we be desolate? The best and nearest way to dispel darkness, and the deeds thereof, is to let in light. We say that day breaks; but no man ever heard the voice of it. God comes in the 'still voice: let us quickly mend our candlesticks, and we cannot want light. I am afraid this backwardness of ours will give our adversaries occasion to say, that we choose our religion because it is the cheaper of the two; that we would willingly serve God with somewhat that should cost us nought.

"Believe me, Mr. Pym, he that thinks to save anything by his religion but his soul, will be a terrible loser in the end. We sow sparingly, that is the reason we reap so sparingly, and have no more fruit. Methinks, whoever hates papistry should by the same rule hate covetousness: for that is idolatry, too. I never like hot professions, and cold actions. Such a heat is rather the heat of distemper and disease, than of life and saving health.

"For scandalous ministers, there is no man shall be more sincerely forward to have them punished than I will be. When 'salt has lost its savour,' let it be cast out upon the unsavoury place, the dung-hill. But, sir, let us deal with them as God hath dealt with us. God, before he made man, he made the world, a handsome place for him to dwell in. So let us provide them competent livings, and then punish them in God's name; but, till then, scandalous livings cannot but have scandalous ministers. It shall ever be a rule to me, that, when the Church and commonwealth are both of one religion, it is comely and decent that the outward splendour of the Church should hold a proportion, and participate with the prosperity of the temporal estate for why should we dwell in houses of cedar, and ‘suffer 2 Sam. vii. 2. God to dwell in skins?"

744.

"It was a glorious and religious work of king James,—I speak it to his unspeakable honour, and to the praise of that nation, who, though their country be not so rich as ours, yet are they richer in their affections to religion,-within the space of one year, he caused churches to be planted through all Scotland and the borders, worth thirty pounds a-year a-piece, with a house and some glebe belonging to them: which thirty

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