entrance chamber. In one cutting on the east side of the pillar, at a depth of 18 inches, a remarkable and unique implement was found resting on a bed of clay. The tool consists of a haft 6 inches long of reindeer antler with a socket at the upper end. A well-rounded hole half an inch in diameter has been made through the haft. The circumference of the haft is 4 inches at the socket and 53 inches at the other end. Into the socket has been well inserted a large tooth, forming a powerful chisel, which would be of great value to its possessor. The hole in the middle of the haft might be for the insertion of a thong to be fastened round the waist. The character of the tooth, whether boar or hippopotamus, has not yet been ascertained. Another trench was cut towards the little cave, and here, near the surface, were found a neat flint saw and a flint flake.

Since the last meeting of the Association, and with the aid of the small grant given to us, much preliminary work has been done to render possible a thorough and orderly exploration. The material that had been taken out of the little cave by the previous explorers and placed in the entrance chamber was first cleared away. Thin spits' of about 6-inch layers were taken successively from the surface of the entrance chamber, carefully examined, and then tipped outside the cave. The top layer of 2 or 3 inches was of loamy clay, crowded with bones of small animals, frogs, rats, voles, &c. Beneath this was a layer, varying from a foot to 18 inches thick, of darkened earth containing angular fragments of limestone, some burnt sandstones, bones of sheep, horse, fox, badger, rabbit, hare and otter, bits of charcoal and charred bird-bones. In this layer a few flints were found, and at the bottom, resting on the clay, was the hafted tool. This implement is thus most likely of Neolithic age, though it was found on the top of the more ancient layer which contained the bones of bison, &c.

The lower layers consist so far of irregular beds of washed-in stuff, stiff clay, then sandy clay over patches of gravel and sand. In this material are rounded boulders of both grit and limestone, together with pieces of stalagmite. On none of the boulders have we noticed any icescratches. Fragments of bones are interspersed throughout the mass, sometimes embedded in the patches of stiff clay as well as in the gravel and sands. These bones are of very different character from those found in the upper layers. They are mostly dark in colour, much mineralised, and thus heavy. The bones so far identified belong to the bison, reindeer, roebuck, horse, and grizzly bear. Some show evidence of having been gnawed. Most of them are very fragmentary, often only sharp splinters. From the current bedding it seems that the bones must have been washed into the cave by the same means as the grits and limestone boulders. The finds are not abundant; yet from the variety obtained the excavation promises to be interesting in confirming the lists of Pleistocene fauna that have been found in other parts of North-east Yorkshire.

The Committee are indebted to Sir Matthew Wilson for permission to explore on his estate, and for his kindly co-operation in their work.

1894.

T

The Collection, Preservation, and Systematic Registration of Photographs of Geological Interest in the United Kingdom.-Fifth Report of the Committee, consisting of Professor JAMES GEIKIE (Chairman), Professor T. G. BONNEY, Dr. TEMPEST ANDERSON, Dr. VALENTINE BALL, Mr. JAMES E. BEDFORD, Professor W. BOYD DAWKINS. Mr. EDMUND J. GARWOOD, Mr. J. G. GOODCHILD, Mr. WILLIAM GRAY, Mr. ROBERT KIDSTON, Mr. ARTHUR S. REID, Mr. J. J. H. TEALL, Mr. R. H. TIDDEMAN, Mr. W. W. WATTS, Mr. HORACE B. WOODWARD, and Mr. OSMUND W. JEFFS (Secretary). (Drawn up by the Secretary.)

SINCE the last Report, presented at the Nottingham meeting of the Association, your Committee have been enabled to add 215 photographs to their collection, which has now reached a total of 1,055. This number, again, shows a gratifying increase as compared with the two previous years. The majority of these were, however, received late in the year, and it has been found impossible to have them all arranged for exhibition before the date of the opening meeting at Oxford. Your Committee, therefore, respectfully suggest reappointment for another year at least, in order to enable a complete and revised catalogue to be drawn up, which would be more valuable for reference than the partial lists appearing in the various annual reports. During the next year it is hoped that societies who have been for some time engaged in the work of systematic photography of geological sections in their districts, but have not yet sent in the results obtained, will be able to make further progress with the work and enable the Committee to make their own collection more complete. The collection has now assumed such proportions that a rearrangement of a more systematic character than has hitherto been possible has become necessary, and with the additions that are expected from various sources this rearrangement in suitable albums and cases, duly indexed, will occupy some time.

The question of the location of the large number of photographs now obtained has received the serious attention of the Committee, and they have recommended to the Council that the collection be deposited at the Museum of Practical Geology, London, where, in their opinion, it would be most accessible to the general public for purposes of reference.

At a meeting of the Committee held during the Nottingham meeting several matters were discussed bearing upon the furtherance of the objects for which the Committee were appointed. The various local societies have been again urged, by circular, to assist the scheme of the Committee with the object of completing a national collection of photographs, to serve as a photographic survey of the geology of our own country.

The Committee, having invited the views of members who are practical photographers as to the most suitable form of camera for geological field work, beg to tender their thanks to Drs. Tempest Anderson and H. J. Johnston-Lavis, and to Messrs. Wilbert Goodchild, A. R. Hunt, C. Defieux, and F. N. Eaton for suggestions and assistance rendered. It still appears to be difficult to recommend a particular form of instrument, as almost every photographer has his own favourite camera, and the apparatus required varies with the class of work to be undertaken in the

field. It is proposed, however, to give in the next Report some hints which may be of use to those engaged in photographing rocks and other geological features.

Among the donations of photographs added to the collection during the past year are several of great scientific value as illustrations of geological interest. The Committee desire to record their obligations to the following donors of photographs :-The Belfast Naturalists' Field Club, Croydon Natural History and Microscopical Society, Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society, the Manchester Geographical Society, and the Perthshire Society of Natural Science; Miss Mary K. Andrews, Dr. Valentine Ball, Messrs. F. J. Allen, W. H. Alexander, Montagu Browne, R. G. Brook, Henry Coates, F. N. Eaton, H. D. Gower, Wm. Gray, Wilbert Goodchild, E. J. Garwood, W. Lamont Howie, H. L. P. Lowe, J. G. McDakin, G. A. Piquet, H. Preston, C. J. Watson, and R. Welch. The Belfast Naturalists' Field Club have contributed an exceedingly valuable series of photographs illustrating the Antrim chalks and basalts, together with some fine examples of marine denudation. The extensive series of whole-plate prints, taken by Messrs. J. Burton and Sons for the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society (for which the Committee are indebted to the good offices of Mr. Montagu Browne), afford some characteristic examples of the advantageous application of photography to geological illustration.

The following suggestions have been received as to suitable sections, &c., of which photographs are desirable, and the Committee hope that some photographer in the localities mentioned will be able to undertake the work :

Mr. H. C. BEASLEY (Hon. Sec. Liverpool Geological Society).

Section in quarry (50 feet) between Rednall and Kendall End, Lickey Hills, showing fault with contortions in the Lickey quartzite.

Dr. C. CALLAWAY, F.G.S. (Wellington, Salop).

Section of Uriconian tuffs and conglomerates in large quarry at Lawrence Hill at the foot of the Wrekin, two miles from the railway station, Wellington, Shropshire. Section of Longmyndian conglomerate by the side of the road at Bagston Hill, two miles south of Shrewsbury.

Section of May Hill Sandstone resting unconformably upon Lower Ordovician rocks at Hope, two miles from Minsterley Station, Shropshire.

Section of contorted Ordovician strata at Hope, near Minsterley.
Sections of Wenlock limestone around Much Wenlock, Shropshire.

Section of passage beds between Wenlock limestone and Wenlock shale, on the road from Wenlock down to Harley, about one mile from Wenlock.

Section of basal Carboniferous beds resting on Wenlock shale in road called Jigger's Bank, about a mile from Coalbrookdale Station, Shropshire.

Sections of waterstones (Lower Keuper), with perhaps slabs of footprints of

Rhynchosaurus, at Grinshill, near Yarton Station, Shropshire.

Sections of glacial sands at Ketley, one mile from Wellington, Shropshire.

IRELAND.

Near Londonderry. West of the 'B of Burnfoot' on the one-inch Ordnance map. Quarry. Grit and black schist contorted. Near Buncrana. On shore near Ned's Point. thrust.

Between Buncrana and Fahan, near Fahan. crushing and contortion.

Examples of contortion and over

On the shore. Fine examples of

Galway town. East of town, on shore. Gneisses seen in crag sections. Very curious, made by fragments of hornblende rock in granite.

Lisoughter, Western Galway. Ophicalcite quarries.

Glendalough, ditto. South of the hotel. Crags showing granite running along joints of diorite.

Mr. J. W. WOODALL, F.G.S. (St. Nicholas House, Scarborough), suggests the desirability of having photographs taken of the series of sections on the Yorkshire coast from Redcar to Flamborough Head, and will be glad to give assistance to photographers.

The following table shows the number of photographs registered since the issue of the Report for 1893 :

NOTE-This list contains the subjects of geological photographs, copies of which have been received by the Secretary of the Committee

since the publication of the last Report. Photographers are asked to affix to their negatives the registered numbers, as given below, for convenience of future reference.

Copies of photographs desired, and, in many cases, lantern slides, can usually be obtained either from the photographer direct or from the officers of the local society under whose auspices the views were taken.

The price at which prints or lantern slides may be obtained depends upon local circumstances, over which the Committee have no control.

The Committee find it necessary to reiterate the fact that they do not assume the copyright of any photographs included in this list. Inquiries respecting them, and applications for permission to reproduce photographs, should not be addressed to the Committee, but to the photographer direct.

[Enlargements are marked (E.)]

ENGLAND AND WALES.

CUMBERLAND.

Photographed by WILBERT GOODCHILD, 2 Dalhousie Terrace, Edinburgh. Size 6 x 4 inches.

Photographed by R. G. BROOK, St. Helens. Size 8 x 6 inches. 387-888 Llandulas, near Abergele. Panorama of limestone quarries 889 Pistill Rhaiadr.

Waterfall

DERBYSHIRE.

Photographed by HARRY SOWERBUTTS, Manchester Geographical Society. (Per ELI SOWERBUTTS, F.R.G.S.) Size 6 x 4 inches.

Photographed by H. L. P. Lowe, Shirenewton Hall, Chepstow.

Photographed by Captain J. G. McDAKIN, 15 Esplanade, Dover.